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1、道岔论文（Switch the paper）After the sixth acceleration of the railway, the change of the line of works and the switch equipment changed greatly, which brought many difficulties to maintenance and maintenance. Switch is a linkage of the whole, it involves the traffic, public works, electricity sector, mi
2、stakes in a department, then affects the driving speed, light weight, interrupt driving, will bring direct damage to transport. In recent years, with the continuous application of speed-up, its daily maintenance and maintenance has become a basic work in the maintenance organization system. Accelera
3、tion switch is to improve the railway transport, the basis of how to improve the quality of public works line equipment maintenance maintenance, clear solid foundation for railway transportation safety is a responsibility, also to ensure the safety of railway transportation has very important signif
4、icance. In order to meet the speed requirement, it is necessary to eliminate the factors of the speed limit, improve the stability of the over-bifurcation of the train, and firmly establish the consciousness of safety awareness and worry. Comprehensively strengthen equipment overhaul, comprehensivel
5、y improve the quality of equipment operation, providing a strong basis for safety production, improve the comprehensive economic benefits, in view of the speed rail diseases, combined with the existing acceleration switch point rail, frog maintenance maintenance problems discussed are as follows:1.
6、Disease and related analysis of bifurcationSince the acceleration of railway speed in China, the bifurcation has been widely used for its advantages such as high speed, low maintenance workload and the corresponding extension of maintenance cycle. However, with the increase of speed, there are many
7、diseases. Through the tube rail summarizes typical diseases, and carries on the preliminary analysis on the mechanism of its formation, puts forward some countermeasures to speed rail typical disease treatment, aims to guide field acceleration switch of maintenance and repair work.1.1 common disease
8、s(1) the daoist bed is covered with mud.(2) the bifurcated pillow is crawling and deflecting.(3) steel pillow is hollow and corroded.(4) the shear of the bolted sleeper bolt and the failure of the nylon casing slip.(5) sharp track crawling.(6) sharp track side bend.(7) the curved pointed rail is bad
9、ly worn.(8) sharp rail and basic rail.(9) extension of the track gauge.(10) the sliding bed plate and the slot type guard plate are welded.(11) pin and shrapnel string.(12) rust of accessories is serious.(13) multiple diseases of the joint (low joint, wrong mouth, saddle grinding, rail terminal bloc
10、k, sloughing, sloughing).(14) the offset plate is at the edge of the rail.(15) the rail link is too high.(16) rail wave mill.1.2 classification of diseases caused by bifurcation(1) the disease caused by the laying of the bifurcationLeft over from the switch in the assembly laying main diseases inclu
11、ding railway electrification transformation, embedding the linkage switch of electrochemical column in the two point offset, cause adverse direction of tongue rail line, the basic rail and rail guard hard bending parts of rail; Incorrect and lateral offset of the interposition of the concrete pillow
12、; When two sections are laid, the joint is not square.(2) typical diseases caused by bifurcation operationThe typical diseases caused by bifurcation in operation are: rust and wear of spare parts; The sharp track is broken with the connecting plate. Sliding bed table soldering; Rubber cushion crushi
13、ng and breakage; The earth foot bolt (30 x 165 mm) nylon casing failure; Gasket hole wear, corroded aperture widening; Orbital wave type abrasion; Wheel rail wear; Sharp rail and basic rail side grinding; Lateral rail rust; The wave type abrasion of the basic rail; Widening of the middle gauge of th
14、e rail; Dark pit hanging board, etc.(3) maintenance and maintenance problemsIf the maintenance treatment is not handled properly, it can also cause the disease. For example, the staff of the working staff have no understanding of the daily maintenance and maintenance of the speed-up bifurcation, and
15、 the subjective view is that it is not necessary to have a comprehensive way to make the way. No corresponding regulation methods and measures have been taken in the process of assembly and laying of the bifurcation. The machine tool for maintenance and maintenance cannot meet the requirements of eq
16、uipment update; The workers treatment of the disease is improper, leading to the gradual change of disease.1.3 cause analysis of main diseases1.3.1 the mortars are made of mudThe main result of the mudslurry is that the time of closing time is short.Inadequate construction preparation or under the i
17、nfluence of the existing cable longitudinal section, the thickness of the cushion under the pillow is insufficient, and the poor drainage is caused. In particular, the switch head and the tail are affected by the electrical signal base, and the mud is more prominent. Over the past few years we combi
18、ne trunk line overhaul construction, use the CD - type 2 speed switch tamping machine to high speed rail way (the way up to 200 mm), in this way to increase the switch under the pillow ballast thickness, restore elastic ballast. In addition, the slope of the bed is enhanced, and more than 70% of the
19、 fault of the bifurcation is solved. The other 30 percent of the bifurcation can not be solved by the high way through the slope of the vertical section of the line, and the main manpower is to crack the bottom of the whole section, and replace the hard.If there are other questions to write, please
20、contact 13845308614, qq42430582Analysis of the causes of winter trifold in cold regionssolutionThree fold refers to the rail, bifurcation and splint, which is the main enemy of railway transportation security, and the anti-folding is the key of the northern winter security work. Three fold threat dr
21、iving safety, endanger peoples life, property security, social impact is great. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the causes of the three fold and take active countermeasures to prevent and control the driving safety.The problem of three fold maintenance of railway maintenance1.1 equipment and m
22、aintenance(1) the hidden danger of laying quality in the new rail. But to replace the rail, or into a period of replacement of rail, because in the rail transport for many times, do not pay attention to during the process of loading and unloading, and is 25 m plant of heavy rail, it is easy to make
23、the rail fall touch line; At the same time, the steel rail has bad material and the problems such as nuclear injury are the main hidden dangers. Because of the process of processing and manufacturing, the steel rail has a lack of material, such as internal nuclear injury in the rail, and the steel r
24、ail is hard to be brittle because of the whole length quenching.(2) the weak link of the track during the joint is also the damaged area of the rail. Unable to timely adjust the rail gap, often appear a large rail gap or continuous sealing, blind in locomotive vehicle to orbit under the intense impa
25、ct of rail surface caused by joint metal shed and crushing, so that the surface of the wound gradually to internal development, eventually led to the happening of the broken rail.(3) hidden dangers in maintenance and maintenance work: joints, dark pits, slurry and mud, the joint sleepers are not wor
26、king. Under the effect of the dynamic compaction of the train, the circuit on ramp or trains running in both directions of traffic speed difference, line, line top side rail gap die or smaller, but on the other side of the rail gap enlargement, form the rail stress worse. Because the laying conditio
27、n or improper maintenance repair the actual temperature is greater than the design theory of lock lock rail track temperature, caused by high temperature lock, in the winter rail produces huge internal tensile stress, easy to cause rail break under the action of a train.(4) in order to save money, t
28、he middle repair cycle is lengthened, which makes the bed knot, the slurry and the mud, the joint sleepers lose their function. With the annual increase of the use of the rail, the number of fatigue damage of the rail is increased. Years of experience have shown that the rate of cavorting of rail or
29、 re-use rail near the overhaul cycle increases exponentially with the initial stage of the pavement. Although the method of welding is used to solve the problem of surface irregularity, the internal stress of the rail abrasion has changed irregular during the violent vibration.(5) in the work of sho
30、rtening the rail or short rail of the configuration curve, saws, boreholes, and oxygen cutting the rails and punching holes. Due to the improper maintenance or repair or overhaul, the connection of the line joint is serious, and the joint can be broken.(6) in the traction section of the electric loc
31、omotive, the locomotive makes the flywheel, causing the rail to be grazed by many places. Because the locomotive slope stops the small radius curve or the wheel is idling, causes the rail diving to tread the surface abrasion. Therefore, under the dynamic load of the train, it is easy to produce stre
32、ss concentration in the abrasion, resulting in the expansion of the steel rail injury.1.2 rail inspection(1) the technical quality of the workers is low. In recent years, experienced old workers have retired in succession, and many young workers have not been trained in rigorous and systematic explo
33、ration techniques.The requirements and procedures for rail inspection are not clear. In the flaw detection, it is not accurate to judge the damage degree of the steel rail.(2) individual worker is not strong sense of responsibility. 1. In the instrument flaw detection, the workers are not required t
34、o carry out the inspection in accordance with the requirements of joint station, small waist check, large waist uniform detection, and the positive and negative probe of bifurcation. 2, in the manual inspection, inspection personnel is not in accordance with the knock a look, two, three, four way of
35、 examination, work careless 3, some XunDao worker in the process of tour line, heart countless have hidden trouble on key parts and location.1.3 environmental and other factors1.3.1 the cold climate is an important factor in the rail foldOur bureau is located in between 43 to 53 degrees north latitu
36、de, annual average temperature below zero line half, the rest in 2 degrees, extreme minimum temperature - 52 degrees, line construction in the permafrost, in some areas of seasonal frozen soil to September each year are still in the activity. The statistics record that February to February is the pe
37、ak of the temperature and the peak of the rail break, accounting for more than 75 percent of the total annual total.(1) the low temperature of the rail is brittleThe steel is easy to break at low temperature, the test proves that u7460kg/m rail impact toughness and if there are other questions to wr
38、ite, please contact 13845308614, qq42430582The new project of maintenance and maintenance is brought by the great speed of railwayFrom April 1, 1997, the railway to implement the first speed adjustable figure began to large area, Chinas railway has six consecutive railwaysystem figure, has obtained
39、the remarkable economic and social benefits, has made an important contribution for the social and economic development. Especially on April 18, 2007, the implementation of the sixth large-scale speed-up figure, is an epoch-making acceleration, the beijing-guangzhou, beijing-shanghai, longhai both p
40、assenger and cargo mix ran on the busy trunk intensive operation of more than 200 km/h and the emu, in some extents and double-stack trains in operation of 5500 t heavy-duty train, the railway enterprises to enhance the competitiveness. However, the operation of the 200Km/h high-speed trains has a g
41、reat impact on the operation of freight trains. In order to reduce the speed difference between passengers and freight trains, the passenger train should maintain the same speed speed and speed, so the train speed of the freight train should reach 120Km/h. However, as the train speed increases and t
42、he heavy load train keeps running, it also has a great impact on the railway line, traction power supply and signal equipment. In view of this, we must comprehensively consider the maintenance, maintenance and use of various railway equipment, so that the efficiency of the railway can be used to mak
43、e the railway a great artery for national economic development.Next, I will analyze the problems in the work of the industry since the acceleration of the railway and formulate corresponding countermeasures.1. Problems and discussion of the work after the accelerationLevel gauge, level, direction, i
44、s to keep the track geometry, four main indexes of the four indicators influence each other and restraining each other, such as bad direction can affect the gauge, gauge bad will also contain the direction. Level and the index of high and low two, in the dominant status and restriction, before and a
45、fter high and low kinds of track irregularities is the main cause of levels overrun or triangle pit, it is also an important factor restricting the high-speed train running smoothly. When linear rail stocks up and down at the same time appear rugged chronological, as in the original set up a smooth
46、orbit curve (or vertical curve), such as the speed of train running on the curve or vertical curve, vertical centrifugal acceleration will increase due to the speed increase, vibration and impact between wheel/rail will be intensified, the direct impact on passenger comfort. When a sector of orbital
47、 height is not smooth, level error caused by h mm, like on a straight track h mm high, the faster the train running speed, ultra-high time-varying rate is, the greater the violent vibration and swing, causing train affect passenger comfort. 13845308614, qq42430582Research shows that,More than 200 km
48、/h high-speed trains and 5500 t heavy-duty train on track, the track dynamic and static load increased significantly, the orbits stress increasing, lead to existing ballast ballast particles on line mass redistribution and rapid destruction. The result is: (1) the track is sinking, the line directio
49、n and level are rapidly deviated from the design state, and this phenomenon is more severe in the curvilinear area. (2) the steel rail, the internal injury of the bifurcation increases, the service life is shortened. (3) increase of the vibration of the bow net, increase of impact force between the bow net, increase in the number of offline times