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1、省略,复 合 句 中 的 省 略,一、 状语从句中的省略 由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。,(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构: 连词(as, as if, once
2、+名词) Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office. 连词(though, whether, when)+形容词 Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret. 连词(when, while, though)+现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 连词(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词 连词(
3、as if, as though)+不定式 He opened his mouth as if (he were ) to speak.,高考链接： 1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. be
4、ing invited D. having invited,B,A,3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken
5、 C. when to take D. when to be taken,D,B,5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed,A,A,7. Th
6、ough _ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,C,D,(2)当从句主语是 It,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把 it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（ if ， unles
7、s, when，whenever）+形容词的结构。如：Unless（it is ）necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary. 另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有if+so/not。 Get up early tomorrow. If not( you dont get up early), you will miss the early bus. He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note. (3)在than或asas引
8、导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。 He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever. He came home earlier than (he was) expected. She works as hard as young people.,二、在限定性定语从句中 作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same. as和such. as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代
9、词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。,高考链接： 9. You re always working. Come on, lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That 10. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he exp
10、lained D. why he explained,C,A,11. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 12. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 13. Thats an unpleasant thing to say
11、 about your father after _ hes done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that,A,A,C,三、宾语从句中的省略,3.及物动词后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。 They said (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.,不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to 在 expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer, refuse,seem,try,want,wi
12、sh，afford等后面。如: I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to. 在have,need,ought,be going,used等后面。 在某些形容词pleased,glad,happy，eager，ready，willing等后面。 -Will you join the game? -Id be glad to. 否定形式的省略用not to。 如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have,和have been 。如: -He hasnt finished yet. -Well,he ought t
13、o have.,在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词或短语及make，have，let等使役动词之后 cant/couldnt help but do sth. 只好做某事 （have no choice but to do sth.),Have you ever been to the seaside? -No,we cant afford to (go to the seaside).,高考链接： 14. As youve never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the
14、way. A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed 15. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all, _ . A. I have no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to 16. Does your brother intend to study German? Yes, he intends _ . A. / B. to C. so D. that,B,D,B,17
15、. Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? _ . A. Yes, Id like to go to the Grand Theatre B. Id like to, but I have an exam tomorrow C. No, I wont D. Thats right 18. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _ , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to d
16、o B. to C. doing D. doing to,B,B,在if引导的虚拟条件句中 在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。,高考链接： 19. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 20. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so ofte
17、n. A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not,B,C,在否定结构中 由nor，neither等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。,高考链接： 21. I didnt know what was on his mind at the time, nor did _ . A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there,B,C,23. I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! _ . A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I,B,