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1、【时态和语态】1. 时态:完成进行 完成 进行 一般 现在过去将来过去将来注意:(1)时间状语(简单句)(2)主从关系(复合句)(3)一般过去 vs. 现在完成(4)表示将来:will dodo/doesbe to dobe going to dobe doingbe about to do2. 被动语态:S. + Vt. + O. S. + be done (+ by O.)注意:(1)双宾语(O1 + O2)(2)主动形式表示被动含义: be to blame need/want/require doing = + to be done wash/sell/write well (cf.
2、lv. + a.) wont do = cant be done【情态动词】1. 非推测用法:must(非要)should(竟然)will(愿意)wont(不能被)would(过去常常)shall(允诺;威胁)(第二、三人称)2. 推测用法: be (cf. + do) must be doing cant/couldnt肯定 have done否定 may/might may not/mightnt注意:(1)半情态动词need/dare 否定 后接动词(2)used to / had better / would rather(3)should (not) have doneneednt
3、have donedidnt need to【从句】1.名词性从句:主语、宾语、表语同位语(解释说明抽象先行词的具体内容)that/what/whether/wh- 2.定语从句:先行词(,)+ 关系代(副)词 + 从句(1)关系代词: 省略关系代词 用/不用that whose(人或物)+ n. so/such/the same as than in which case / during which time(2)关系副词: 时间 + when 地点 + where 介词 + 关系代词 原因 + why3. 状语从句(1)时间: before/after(过完) when(突然) while(对比)(2)原因: because(强调句) since(既然) for(情态动词推测用法) as(3)地点: where(区别定语从句)(4)条件: if (will) (愿意) as/so long as(5)让步: (al)though