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1、NCE-2,New Concept English,Lesson 4,An exciting trip,I.Key words exciting, receive, firm, different II.Key structures The present perfect simple现在完成时,key points,Revision,寄，送 明信片 损坏 博物馆 公共的,友好的 服务员 借给 决定 整个的 唯一的,send,postcard,spoil,spoilt/spoiled,museum,public,friendly,waiter,lend,decision,whole,singl
2、e,Postcards always _ my holidays. Last summer, I went to _. I _ museums and sat in _ gardens. A _ waiter taught me a few words of _. Then he _ me a book. I read a _ lines, but I did not _ a word. Every day I _ _ my postcards. My holidays passed _, but I did not _ cards to my friends. _ the last day
3、I _ a big _. I got up _ and _ thirty-seven cards. I _ the _ day in my room, _ I did not write a _ card!,spoil,Italy,visited,public,friendly,Italian,lent,few,understand,thought,about,quickly,send,On,made,decision,early,bought,spent,whole,but,single,Revision,New words,exciting,adj. 令人兴奋的（修饰事物）,excited
4、 感到兴奋的（修饰人）,-ed自己感到 interested, bored, relaxed -ing令人感到interesting,boring,relaxing,e.g. I am interested in this book. This is an interesting book.,v.接受，收到（客观的收到）,e.g. receive a letter (from sb.) This morning I receive a bunch of flowers.,同义 accept同意，接受（主观）,e.g. This morning I received a bunch of flo
5、wers but I didnt accept it.,receive,take接受，收到,e.g. take the exam, take advice,New words,New words,firm,n.商行，公司 law firm法律公司,company公司,different,adj.不同的 same相同的,adv.differently, n. difference,e.g. be different from differences between A 现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in
6、1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 错Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. 对Tom wrote a letter to h
7、is parents last night.,Grammar,3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).(在团内的状态可延
8、续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续),Grammar,延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段 时间的状语连用。,比较延续动词与瞬间动词,He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历),Grammar,since 用来说明动作起始时间 “自从” for用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达” I have lived here fo
9、r more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比较since和for,并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。),Grammar,
10、He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。,比较 have/has been to , have/has gone to,Grammar,He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He
11、_ _ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minu
12、tes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,Exercise,sum up,一
13、、现在完成时,1)构成,肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它,否定句：主语+have/has not+过去分词+其它,疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它,He has been to Australia.,He has not been to Australia.,Has he been to Australia?,sum up,2)用法,1.过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与表示时间的副词连用，如yet, just, before, recently, ever, never等。,e.g. We have just won the match. I have
14、never been to Australia before.,一、现在完成时,sum up,2)用法,1.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的时间状态连用，如so far, up till now, since, for a long time, in the past few years, those days等。,e.g. So far, he has broken two world records. I have worked here for four years.,一、现在完成时,sum up,2)用法,3.短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，常见的动词有die, arrive, leave, go, refuse, finish, marry, buy等。,e.g. His grandfather has died for three years. His grandfather has been dead for three years. I have bought the car for half a year. I have got the car for half a year.,一、现在完成时,Thank you!,