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1、,解题思路与技巧 (第一讲),完形填空,完型填空试题主要特点：,1.通常从一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空；,2. 干扰项设计严密.一般情况下，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用；,3.突出语篇(语境)，强调应用，注重交际；,4.大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣；,6考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%，其中又以动、名、形为主。 7.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才
2、能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。,没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。,为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?,切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.,2. 不注意积累答题技巧:,a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；,b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;,c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.,
3、3.时间安排不当:在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。,切记:正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做 的，再考虑较难的。 强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格, 然后快速地整句整段地默读, 选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.,细读首句,跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意,再读全文，反复检查,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破,正确的完形填空的解题步骤,把握整体,具体分析,细读文章的第一句话,高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句（Topic Sentence），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个
4、“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。 充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。,对于叙事，描述类文章。短文的首句，往往点明故事发生的人物(who),时间（when），地点(where)，和事件(what)等背景情况。例： It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital . 2010全国卷（I）,对于论述文，首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如： A man who knows
5、how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . . 2010全国卷（II）,解题方法：,总的原则: “先完意，后完形”。,八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。,三步曲：读填读,三步答题,Step1 Skip(跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.,In the cloze test, there is no blank in the fi
6、rst sentence (首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage. (完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）,Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods. (在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案),Four methods(四种常用的方法)：,1、context (上下文语境) 2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配) 3、informatio
7、n given in the passage (利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和反义词等) 4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识),Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers. （将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）,Tips: 1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致) 2. grammar and collocations (语法和习惯用法的搭
8、配在上下文中是否一致) 3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯) 4. the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理),词汇题,高考完形填空 考什么？,篇章结构 (语境),句际关系,结合选项,1.复现,词汇题,1.( 2010北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinio
9、ns, so I began to . 37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention,opinions,语境-原词重现,2. (2010陕西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. dr
10、ugs,语境-同义词、近义词复现,2.词语的习惯用法 和固定搭配,3. （2010全国I) The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him . 36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break,语境-固定搭配,take a 36,3.根据词汇的 意义及用法辨析词义,4.(2010江苏卷) My father 36 me to her wi
11、th these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced,5.(2010全国I）The happiest people dont 53(necessarily ) have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try,语境-词义辨析,36 me to,just 54 the best of,
12、语境-词义辨析,4.根据生活常识 及文化背景知识进行选择,6. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding,生活常识,1.语法手段,2.逻辑手段,句际关系,1.语法手段,8.（2010 陕西卷） I then 32（realized ） I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was b
13、usking. 33. A. it B. all C. him D. them,语法-指代,9.（2010天津卷） “ As a policeman,I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28(impact) on the kids. ” 27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether,语法-句型,逻辑手段,2.逻辑手段,让步关系,转折关系,因果关系,解释关系,顺序关系,并列关系,10.（2010江苏卷) Then she looked at
14、my father and replied,“You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（释放的途径）for his enthusiasm.” 41. A.but B.so C.and D.or,语境-转折关系、搭配,the smartest,11.（2010湖南卷) Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy,
15、语境-同类并列关系,12.（2010安徽卷) First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally,语境-顺序关系,小结：完型填空考查内容,原词复现,同义.近义复现,指 代,句 型,并列关系,转折关系,让步关系,解释关系,语法项目,顺序关系,因果关系,词汇手段,语法手段
16、,逻辑手段,语篇信息（语境理解）,Problem solving strategies,注意上下文语境（context),解题过程中应做到,实 战 演 练,Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel.,细读首句，找出相关信息,1.叙事文,故事发生的时间，人物、事件等背景情况。,Key to the cloze test,41-45: DCCDB,36-40: DACBA,46-50: ACBAD,51-55: DDCBA,Once upon a time the colors of the world started
17、to quarrel. Green said, Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would 36 . Blue interrupted, You only think about the 37 , but consider the sky and the sea. 38 the water that is the basis of life and drawn up
18、by the clouds from the deep seaWithout my peace, you would all be 39 . Yellow chuckled （笑道）, You are all so serious. I bring laughter, fun, and _40_ into the world,36.A.stay B.leave C.go out D.die 37. A.earth B.moon C.star D.sun 38A.That is B.I am C.It is D.This is 39A.anything B.nothing C.something
19、 D.Everything 40A.warmth B.sadness C.depression D.anxiety,语境-词义,语境-转折.对比.排除,语法-强调句,语境-词义,语境-同类并列,Orange started next to blow her trumpet, I am the color of health and strength. I may be 41 , but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. When I fill the sky 42 , my beauty is so striking that
20、 no one gives another 43 to any of you.” Red could stand it 44 and he shouted out, I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to 45 truth. I am also the color of passion and of love.,41.A.usual B.normal C.common D.scarce 42A.at midnight B.at noon or at night
21、C.at sunrise or sunset D.during the day 43A.gift B.honor C.thought D.respect 44A.for more B.any more C.very much D.no longer 45A.turn to B.fight for C.help with D.bend over,语境-转折对比,语境-常识,语境-搭配,语境-搭配,语境-词义,gives another,43 to,could stand it 44,Then came Purple and Indigo （深蓝）. The colors went on boas
22、ting, each convinced of his or her own _46_. Their quarreling became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder. Rain started to pour down _47_. The colors crouched(蜷缩) down _48_, drawing close to one another for comfort. In the midst of the clamor （叫嚷）, rai
23、n began to speak, “You foolish colors, fighting 49 yourselves, each trying to dominate（支配） 50 .,46A.superiority B.disadvantages C.inferiority D.weakness 47.A.gently B.quietly C.violently D.peacefully 48A.with care B.in fear C.by chance D.on purpose 49A.among B.by C.for D.against 50A.others B.themsel
24、ves C.the other D.the rest,语境-近义词再现,语境-词义.常识,语境-词义,语境-搭配,语境-词义辨析,Dont you know that you were each made for a special purpose, 51 ? Join hands with 52 and come to me. Doing as they were told, the colors 53 and joined hands. They formed a colorful rainbow. From then on, whenever a good rain 54 the wor
25、ld, a rainbow appears in the sky. They remember to 55 one another.,51A.equal and simple B.ordinary and similar C.more or less D.unique and different 52. A.each other B.me C. them D. one another 53A.combined B.separated C.united D.divided 54A.cleans B. washes C.brightens D.dampens 55A.appreciate B.quarrel with C.ignore D.praise,近义词再现,常识,语境-搭配,语境-词义,近义词再现,Join hands,with 52,