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1、非谓语动词公开课,1,非谓语动词,不定式 (to do） 否定(not to do),V-ing （doing）否定(not doing),过去分词（done） 否定(not done),在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的 动词形式叫做非谓语动词。,非谓语动词有三种：,I want to read a book written by the woman living there. 谓语 非谓语动词,非谓语动词公开课,2,非谓语动词功能表,非谓语动词公开课,3,不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？,1、作主语,To run is a good habit.(=It is a good hab
2、it to run.),2、作表语,Our plan is to build a bridge over the river.,3、作宾语,I want to buy a dictionary.,4、作定语,He has a chance to go abroad.,5、作状语,To finish the work, he had to get up early.,6、作补语,I ask us to help him.,非谓语动词公开课,4,1、主语,Nodding the head means agreement.,点头表示同意。,2、宾语,Would you mind my closing
3、 the windows?,3、表语,His job is selling newspapers.,4、定语,This is a swimming pool.,V-ing在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？,5.补语,He kept me waiting so long.,6.状语,Walking in the street, I met my teacher.,非谓语动词公开课,5,过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？,1、定语,This is one of the schools built in 1980s. English is a widely used language.,2、表语,The
4、 shop is closed.,3、补语,She felt her arm toughed.,4、状语,Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.,非谓语动词公开课,6,非谓语动词的形式,动词不定式,非谓语动词公开课,7,动词不定式的形式 John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)
5、He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created long ago. (完成式的被动态)Were happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式),非谓语动词公开课,8,现在分词的形式 He sat in a chair, reading a novel. (一般式主动态) Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态) Having finished his h
6、omework, he went playing. (完成式主动态) All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态),非谓语动词公开课,9,过去分词的形式 Seen from the space, the earth is filled with water. (过去分词被动态),非谓语动词公开课,10,不定式和现在分词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求 不定式常用以下动词后作宾语：agree, ask, attempt, begin, demand, desire, dislike, e
7、xpect, decide, seem, intend, try, permit, refuse, manage, order, persuade, tend, fail, choose, forget, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, wait, 等。例如:He managed to pass the exam. He promised to be here at nine. I didnt expect to see you here. 2.动名词常用以下动词后作宾语:admit, avoid cant help, consider, enjoy, esca
8、pe, finish, give up, mind, practice, suggest, look forward to, be used to doing, succeed in, feel like, stick to, etc. 例如： Some people do not enjoy smoking. He avoided answering my question definitely. We are looking forward to seeing you again.,非谓语动词公开课,11,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词做定语的区别 不定式表示即将发生的动作, The bu
9、ilding to be completed next month is our library. 现在分词表示现在发生的动作, The building being built is our library. 过去分词表示已经发生的动作. The building built is our library.,非谓语动词公开课,12,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词做状语的区别 不定式作状语一般表示目的,结果或原因: They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan(目的The boy is not tall enough to reach th
10、e book shelf(结果) We are glad to hear the news.(原因) 现在分词作状语一般表示伴随,主动或现在 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan(伴随) Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 过去分词作状语一般表示被动或完成 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. The pop singer,followed by two body guards,
11、came to meet his fans.,非谓语动词公开课,13,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词做宾补的区别 有些使役动词及感官动词后如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等 动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作,宾语与动词不定式是主动关系 Just then he heard someone sing in the next room. 现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系 Then he heard someone singing in the next room. 过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系
12、He had his bike repaired yesterday. He found his watch stolen.,非谓语动词公开课,14,注意问题,1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） 2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regr
13、et doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着 7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情） 8）propose to do 打算（要做某事） proposing doing建议（做某事）,非谓语动词公开课,15,2.不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语 I have something to do tonight. He s
14、till has a lot of homework to finish. 3.疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语: When to start has not been decided. (主语) I dont know what to do我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) The difficulty was how to cross the river (表语),非谓语动词公开课,16,非谓语动词中的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实
15、。 2) It is + no use/ good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, .)等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 3)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth 做某事没用 There is no use crying over spilt milk,非谓语动词公开课,17,4)go +Ving示“从事”之意 Ill go camping tomorrow我明天去露营。 Ill go shopping我去商店。 It is no go
16、od objecting.反对也没有用。 5)在want, need, require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表 示被动的意思。例如： My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.) 6)在某些固定结构Generally / Frankly speaking , Judging from / by 中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词 Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I dont like
17、 him at all.,非谓语动词公开课,18,不定式,B,该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：,tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain,不定式的作用,解析,非谓语动词公开课,19,B,不定式,因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B 。,不定式的作用,解析,非谓语动词公开课,20,D,
18、不定式,该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。would love(like) to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Would love +不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。,解析,不定式的时态和语态,非谓语动词公开课,21,例如：It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.,B,不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及
19、被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.,解析,非谓语动词公开课,22,不定式,C,该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 该题应该用结构另外，not 应放在to之前。,在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役make,let, have;二听listen to,hear等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。,解析,不定式的否定形式,非谓语动词公开课,23,过去分词,1.作状语,C,1.该
20、题考查过去分词作状语的用法动词-ing或 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。,2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.,解析,过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。,非谓语动词公开课,24,过去分词,2.作定语,A,过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 所以A是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was firs
21、t played in 776 B.C.,解析,非谓语动词公开课,25,过去分词,3.作表语,C,该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,解析,非谓语动词公开课,26,V.-ing 形式,A,v.-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法,Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,解析,His
22、 parents died, leaving him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed,非谓语动词公开课,27,过去分词,4.作补语,该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。the plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。see sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.,C,解析,非谓语动词公开课,28,历年高考题,1. Friendship is like money：easier made than _ (
23、03上海春) Akept Bto be kept Ckeeping Dbeing kept,2. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement AThe president will attend BThe president to attend (03上海春) CThe president attended DThe presidents attending,3. Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference Ainvited Binvit
24、ing Cbeing invited Dhaving invited (03上春),4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live (03上海春) Ato have played Bto play Cto be played Dto be playing,A,D,A,B,非谓语动词公开课,29,5. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET9
25、3 17) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,6. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. (MET93 24) A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn,7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,
26、8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. (MET94 21) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know,9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ri
27、de; riding,非谓语动词公开课,30,10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,11. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94 34) A.having written B. to be written C. being written D.
28、written,12. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. (NMET95 26) A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. (NMET95 35) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do
29、 not to,14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. (97上海 13) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,非谓语动词公开课,31,15. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,16. She looks forward every
30、spring to _ the flower-lined garden. (95 上海20) A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in,17. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,18. The purpose of new technologies i
31、s to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET99 21) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make,19. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99上海19) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sor
32、ry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99 25) A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading,非谓语动词公开课,32,5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive,6. To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it need
33、s a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,1.He gave us so
34、me advice on how_ English. A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn,2. It s a pay day，and they are waiting_. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid,3. - A letter may be too slow. - Why not _ a telegram. A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send,巩固练习,C,D,A,B,A,D,非谓语动词公开课,33,1._i
35、s a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk,2.When and where to build the new power station_yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided,3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing? A. thisB. thatC. itD. he,4.Our father of
36、ten told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday. A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received,6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author. A.work B.to work C.to be working D.
37、working,Non-infinitive,非谓语动词公开课,34,7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path. A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest,8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments? A.there B.it C.this D.that,9.Im thirsty. Would you please give me som
38、ething_. A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking,10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed,11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive,12.
39、They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow,13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now. A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go,非谓语动词公开课,35,14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned,15.
40、The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,16.To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,17._a reply, he decided to write a
41、 sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received,18. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,19. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read,20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,