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1、LED封装普及知识（LED encapsulation of knowledge）LED encapsulation of knowledgeThis paper is contributed by cheng constructionIntroduction of LED products LED productsOrders,recordA, light-emitting diodes (leds) Introduction of LED light-emitting diodes (leds) the main process and material 2, LED the main p
2、rocess and material Company main product structure to introduce three, the main products of the company structure to introduce LED photoelectric parameters and the four major advantages briefly LED photoelectric parameters, LED LED advantagesAn introduction to LEDThe light-emitting Diode is commonly
3、 known as a light-emitting Diode or a light-emitting Diode, which contains visible and invisible Light. Belongs to the category of photoelectric semiconductor including P and N pole in the structure, is a kind of rely on light-emitting semiconductor PN junction optoelectronic devices, it is divided
4、into Lamp series, Top series, piranhas series, SMD series, High Power (Power) series. It is. In terms of Lamp, it is by an electronic Lamp electronic raw materials, raw materials (chips, gold wire or aluminium wire, and electronic materials support, silver glue or insulated), packaging materials Pac
5、kaging materials (epoxy resin, color agents, packaging materials, auxiliary materials (modulus) of the three materials. Spreading agent), auxiliary materials and auxiliary materials definition: LED is made of electronic materials, packaging materials, auxiliary materials connection of a luminous clo
6、sed-circuit electronic components.The five main materials of LED and the five main materials and the five major processThe five main materials of the silver glue gold line epoxy resin wire sealing rubber joint test solid crystal five processLED mainly luminescent electronic materials - wafersComposi
7、tion of wafers: made of gold pad, P pole, N pole, PN junction, and back gold layer. The classification of the chip: 1.1 according to the composition: binary: such as GaAs (gallium arsenide), GaP (such as gallium phosphide) three yuan: InGaN (indium gallium nitride), GaAlAs (GaAs), GaAsP gallium phos
8、phide (arsenic), and other four yuan: AlGaInP (indium aluminum potassium phosphate). AlGaInAs (aluminum potassium arsenic phosphorus) 1.2 according to the polarity: P/N pole chip (straight polarity) N/P a wafer (reversed polarity) double electrode (blue, green, purple light) 1.3 by luminous type poi
9、nts: surface light type: most of the light from the chip surface five surface luminous type: surface, side has more light injection 1.4 by emitting light colors: red, orange, yellow, yellow, green, pure green, blue, green, blue, violet light points: 1.5 according to the size of the chip size 8 9 10
10、mil mil mil 12 mil (red, orange, yellow, yellow green) 12 mil 14 mil (blue, green, purple)Wafer textureChip structure of four p-type layer structure, n-type layer, grassroots (Substrate) and points on the electrode electrode electrode under the chariot part with Al and Au electrode electrode materia
11、ls in accordance with the position of the p-type and n-type layer, can be divided into two kinds of p-type layer, it is normal polarity n-type layer, it is reverse polarity for GaAs commonly at the grassroots level GaP,. Etc.Wafers made of wafers and light colorsPrinciple of wafer luminescenceThe wa
12、fer is a p-layer semiconductor element, and the n-layer semiconductor element is rearranged by electron movement to rearrange the composition of the PN composite. It is this change that allows the chip to be in a relatively stable state. When the chip is applied to the positive electrode by a certai
13、n voltage,P side electrode into hole, N side electrode into electronics, mobile diffusion holes in P area, electronic mobile diffusion and N area, if the energy of holes and electrons to more than a fixed value when the hole across P zone namely, a steady stream of swam to N, N the electronics as we
14、ll as across N area, the mobile P area. holeAs the electron moves through the cell, the electric hole and the electron will combine to excite the photon and generate light energy.P-layer luminescent n-layer electron luminescence+ + +HOLE HOLEThree elements of light:COLOR, HUE means the type of light
15、 COLOR. Represents the type of light color. CONTRAST indicates the depth of color of the same color. Represents the light of the same color. Bright degree (BRIGHTNESS) indicates the degree of light and dark. Indicates the degree of light and dark.Type of light: type of light:10-3nm 1nm 10nm 10nm 10n
16、m 280nm 315nm 380nm white light divided into 7-colored light spectrum 1.5m-infrared 5m 100m 1mm ultra-short wave far-infrared wave infrared long wave long optical gamma-ray X - ray X - ray X - ray X - ray X - ray X - ray - ray - ray - long wavelength of short wave lengthUltraviolet rays are visible
17、in ultraviolet lightThe chemical line (caused by the production of sunlight) is near (wave)(wave)lineLED colors distinguish LED colors380 nm to 430 nmPurple (Purple) Blue (Blue) Blue490nm 505nm 515nm 535nm 585nm 600nm 630nm 700nmBlue-green (Bluish Green (Bluish Green), Green (Green), Green (Green),
18、Pure Green, Pure Pure Green, Pure Green, Yellow Green, Yellow Green and Yellow, Yellow, Green), Yellow (Yellow), Yellow (Yellow) Amber Amber (Amber), Orange (Amber) (Orange), Orange (Orange), Red (Red), Red (Red)Red orange and yellow green indigo violet, visible to the human eye, is the wavelength t
19、hat the average human can detect light, between 380 and 780nm. The wavelength below the violet wave is known as ultraviolet (uv), which is about 100nm to 380nm. The wavelength of red light is called infrared, which is about 780nm to 1mm. The color, chroma and brightness of leds are determined by waf
20、ers.White LED introductionSo-called white light is the light of the mixture of various colors, with the white light of the human eye can see form must be at least two mixed light, such as 2 wavelength light (blue + yellow light) or three wavelength light (blue light + green + red light), blu-ray has
21、 commercialized products only two wavelength single chip with YAG fluorescent yellow powder, is promising in the future are the three wavelengths of light, inorganic uv and chip R.G.B tricolor fluorspar powder, light and organic monolayer three wavelength type white LED has the advantages of low cos
22、t, easy production. Expected three wavelength machine of commercialization of white LED this year have the opportunity, the future application in replace fluorescent lamp, compact energy-saving fluorescent light bulbs and markets such as the LCD back light of white LED market growth has great help S
23、ince a light-emitting diode LED,People have been trying to pursue solid-state light source, along with the advance of light-emitting diode LED manufacturing processes and new materials (nitride crystal and phosphor) development and application, make the hair white LED semiconductor solid light sourc
24、e performance improving and into the solid phase. The presence of white leds enables high-luminance LED applications to reach the market of high-efficiency lighting. It has been pointed out that the high brightness LED will be one of the greatest inventions since Edison invented the incandescent lig
25、ht bulb.White LED introductionIn technology, white leds are mainly divided into two types of luminescence: the main commercial practice is the Nichia (Nichia) with a layer of YAG fluorescence at 460nmQuality, the use of blue leds with the fluorescent material to generate the wavelength of 555 nm and
26、 complementary to the blue light yellow light, reuse lens principle will be mixed, complementary yellow, blue can be concluded that the white light to the naked eye. At present, we are still leading the field in white light LED technology, with many patents. The second is Japans sumitomo electric al
27、so developed in ZnSe (zinc, selenium) as the material of white LED, but low luminous efficiency, but because of the white LED market sell like hot cakes, are still present for it is not for the phenomenon.CIE coordinates figureThe type of white lightChips: Red Chip + Green Chip + Blue Chip 2 chips:
28、Blue Chip + Yellow Chip 1 Chip: Blue Chip + Yellow fluorescent fluorescence Chip + RGB phosphor.Solid crystal & welding diagramThe cathode anodeThe cathode anodeThe main product structure introduces the main product structure of the companyEpoxy resin lensThe LED chipConnect wire (gold wire) conduct
29、ive silver gel bracket anodeA cup-shaped scaffold used to generate the reflection effect indicates a cathodeThe LED LampStructure is introducedCathode bracket is shorter than anodeLAMP solid - line LAMP wire LAMPUse the silver glue to fix the chip onto the bracket and then wire the wire (gold thread
30、). Gold thread)Stents (Lead Frame)High Power LEDTOP LED structureEpoxy resin gold wire LED supportWafer silver gluePIN the feetLED photoelectric parameter definition1. Forward Voltage (Forward Voltage) Voltage (Unit (V) red, yellow, yellow green: Typ: Max: 2.0 V to 2.4 V purple, blue, green, white:
31、Typ: Max: 3.2 V, 4.0 V test condition: IF = 20 ma Ta = 25 The Forward Voltage vs. the Forward Current (Ta = 25 )The Forward Current IF (mA) 10010one1.5 2.02.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5The Forward Voltage VF (V)LED photoelectric parameter definitionSecond, emitting light colors, Wavelength (Color Hue w
32、here Spectrum) light Color, Spectrum) unit (nm) a. lambda. P: light or objects (via the reflection or transmission) amount of energy distribution in the spectrometer, corresponding to the Wavelength of the peak position, called lambda p (peak). B.Lambda. D: the lambda d (dominant) is based on the hu
33、man eye can see the visible light region (400-700), decide what luminous body or object fall mainly in light wavelength. C. delta lambda (half wave width) Spectral Radiance (Peak 610 nm)1.0N o rm - R esp o N sePeak Wavelength, lambda p: 610nm (Peak Wavelength), Dominant Wavelength, lambda d: 624nm (
34、main Wavelength) delta lambda: 22nm (half wave width)0.80.60.4Delta lambda.0.20.0Wave Length (nm)LED photoelectric parameter definition3. Intensity of luminous Intensity (Unit: CD (Candla) indicates the amount of light flux emitted in a certain direction. Generally speaking, the light of the light s
35、ource will radiate its luminous flux in different directions at different intensities, and the intensity of visible light emitted in the direction of the special direction is called light intensityIV is proportional to IFThe Forward Current vs. Relative Luminosity (Ta = 25 ) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
36、1.0 0.5 0.0Relative Luminosity (a.u)The Forward Current IF (mA)LED photoelectric parameter definitionAngle of Angle (2 theta 1/2 Viewing Angle) luminance Angle (LED as the directional component indicates the Angle of the LED LED brightness is inversely proportional to the Angle of the Angle at 50% o
37、f the luminous intensity, brightnessThe same two leds, 2 theta 1 over 2, the larger the Iv is smallerLED photoelectric parameter definition5. Color Temperature Color Temperature (Unit: absolute temperature (Kelvin, K) the color temperature of a light source is defined as the absolute temperature val
38、ue of the Black boby radiator in the same light color to quantify the light color representation of the light source. According to Max Planck (Planck) theory, a standard black body with total absorption and radioactivity will be heated, and the temperature will gradually increase and the luminosity
39、will change accordingly. The Black body locus on the CIE color coordinates shows the Black body from red - orange - yellow - yellow - white - blue - white. The temperature of the black body heating to the same or near the light color is defined as the relative color temperature of the light source,
40、which can be found in the Planck trajectory on the chromaticity diagram. Standard blackbody, the higher the temperature of the radiation light spectrum of blue ingredients, red component is relatively less, reverse, standard blackbody, the lower the temperature of the radiation out of the blue compo
41、nent of the light spectrum, the less the more red component.A lamp light color can be simple to color temperature, to emit light color warm white of ordinary incandescent bulbs, for example, its colour temperature is 2700 k, and the general fluorescent lamp color temperature of 6000 k, the color tem
42、perature of light can be mainly divided into three categories: warm white: 6000 kStandard Black body locus standard Black body curve (locus) standard Black body curvePlanck curve Planck3. Advantages of LED products and advantages and applications of LED productsAdvantages: advantagesLong life expect
43、ancy, theoretically 100,000 hours, generally more than 50,000 hours. (10 times that of fluorescent lamp) low calorific value is low, small power consumption, 1/8 of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp 1/3) of low calorific value, can be encapsulated into the small volume, light weight, can be encaps
44、ulated into types Small strong and durable, is not afraid of vibration. Epoxy resin packaging, waterproof, anti-evil and durable, poor environmental use of the multi-color display, using RGB can achieve 7 color display. Multi - color display. Good temperature stability. The response time is fast, us
45、ually a nanosecond (ns) level. The response time is fast is the thermal light source. A cold light is not a hot light source. The electricity is low and can be powered by solar cells.Introduction to ledsBecause ultra bright LED has a very wide range of USES, especially the appearance of white leds,
46、it brings richer content to the application surface. At present, there are hundreds of single-digit applications in the development and production of ultra high brightness leds in China. Hotspot applications mainly include the following major aspects:As a kind of cold light source, LED lighting has
47、the advantages of green environmental protection, energy saving and color, etc. At present, the LED clearance light, LED guardrail lights, LED lights, LED lights are widely used in bridge, building, square, such as markers, antique buildings, such as outline outline banner advertising and overpass g
48、uardrail, dangerous road, outline of p ring sign and tall building, garden fence, etc, to beautify the city, shape the landscape play an important roleLighting engineering landscape, decorative lightsWhite light lighting:It has begun to use white LED lamp, such as safety lamp, microscope lamp, white light back light source, flashlight, solar lamp, special white light,