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1、食用菌哈（Edible fungus ha）Examination questions (1)First, the noun interpretation (3 points per subject, 18 points)1. edible fungi:2. strains:3. medium:4. strains isolation:5. sterilization:6. disinfection:Two, fill in the blanks (0.5 points per minute, 20 points)1., no matter which kind of edible fungi
2、, it is composed of () and () two major parts.Bacteria meat 2. umbrella shaped fruiting bodies can be divided into two categories, namely () and ().The 3. bacteria ring is left by ().The 4. fungi are left ().5. there are four main kinds of nutrients in the growth and development of edible fungi, tha
3、t is, (,), (,) and ().6., seed production generally consists of four basic links, namely (,), (,), (,) and ().7. pairs of primary culture medium usually use high-pressure steam sterilization, the required pressure is (), the temperature is (), the time is ().The key to the successful separation of 8
4、. strains is ().9. the equipment being inoculated has (), () and ().10. strains are generally divided into three types, namely (,), (,), and ().11., a class of bacteria containers for (), specifications for ().12. cotton for making cotton plugs shall be ().13., to determine whether the sterilization
5、 is complete, after sterilization must.In the 14. system of two or three strains, the water content of the culture medium is usually (), usually measured by ().15., edible fungi need not light in () period and should be cultured without light.16., according to the natural state of edible fungi nutri
6、ent source, generally edible fungi are divided into three different nutrition types, namely (), () and ().17. letinous edodes belongs to (warm temperate) fruiting fungi.18. Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to () class, (,), (), (,) genera.19. (not) with mycelium of Coprinus comatus fruiting characteristi
7、cs.Three, single choice (no more) (each of 2 points, a total of 10 points)1. what is correct in the following statements is ().A. mushrooms are mushrooms.B. edible fungi are microorganisms that are edible.C. edible fungi are edible fungi.D. is a general term for large edible mushrooms edible.2., mos
8、t of the mushroom likes () environment.A. acid, B., alkaline, C., partial acid, D., alkalescenceIn the 3. system and the two or three class, the culture material should be evaporated in the atmospheric sterilizing stove for 8-10 hours, the purpose is ().A. steamed the culture medium, so as to facili
9、tate the absorption and utilization of mycelium.B. softens the medium and also changes its pH.C. kills all microorganisms in the culture material.D. kills some harmful microorganisms in the culture material.4. in taxonomy, Pleurotus ostreatus is only a member of the genus Pleurotus, that is, ().A. B
10、. delicious Pleurotus citrinopileatus C. of Pleurotus ostreatus D. of Pleurotus sajor caju5., the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus can really produce spores.A. B. C. gill fungus meat fruit stipe D.Four, judge the question (the person hits +, the wrong person hits - -) (each question 2 points, al
11、together 30 points)(1.) the fruiting body is the reproductive organ of edible fungi, and the mycelium is the vegetative organ of edible fungi.(2.) the life cycle of the edible fungi means the whole process from spore to the generation of a new spore.(3.) bladder meat can be used as seed material for
12、 seed production.() 4. inoculation is the procedure of transplantation in the process of microbial growth and reproduction.(5.) a rotating tube is a way of expanding propagation of bacteria.(6.) placing needles on the top of the alcohol lamp to burn red is a sterilizing measure.(7.) wiping the surfa
13、ce of the fruiting body with an alcohol cotton ball is a sterilization measure.() when sterilizing 8. medium of two or three strains, the pressure should be 1.5kg/cm2, the temperature should be 126 degrees, and the time is 1.5 to 2.5 hours.() 9.PSA medium was formulated as potato 200g, sucrose 20g,
14、agar 17 23g, water 1000ml.(10.) there are many methods for the isolation of edible fungi. Among them, tissue isolation belongs to sexual reproduction, while spore isolation belongs to asexual reproduction.(11.) it is an important measure in the cultivation and management of letinous edodes to promot
15、e the color transfer of bacteria barrel.(12.) the sleeve is an important measure in the cultivation and management of Flammulina velutipes.(13.) mushroom cultures are generally subjected to pre fermentation and post fermentation treatments.(14.) yeasts belong to edible fungi.(15.) the biggest charac
16、teristic of oyster mushroom is storability.Five, Jane answer (22 points)1. brief description of aseptic operation procedures. (5 points)2. describe the operation process of tissue separation method. (5 points)3., how can we produce a good grade two or three strains? (7 points)4. what matters should
17、be paid attention to when making ferment material? (5 points)Examination questions (1) answerFirst, the noun interpretation (3 points per subject, 18 points)1. edible fungi: higher fungi can form large fleshy or gelatinous fruiting bodies or sclerotia and can be used for edible fungi collectively, c
18、ommonly known as mushrooms, mushrooms, ears.2. strains: refers to the appropriate nutrient medium as a carrier for pure culture of mycelium, which is to cultivate the matrix and mycelium of the union. Or refers to the pure mycelium that is cultured and bred for further propagation.3. medium: accordi
19、ng to the requirements of nutrition, water and pH of the edible fungi, the substrate for the growth and development of edible fungi was artificially prepared.4. bacterial isolation: the process of separating the required edible fungi from the mixed microbial population by aseptic manipulation.5. ste
20、rilization: the application of physical and chemical methods to kill all microorganisms on the surface and interior of the material. It is a thorough sterilization method.6. disinfection: the application of physical and chemical methods to disinfect the surface and pores of most of the microorganism
21、s to kill, is a incomplete sterilization method.Two, fill in the blanks (0.5 points per minute, 20 points)1., no matter which kind of edible fungi, it is composed of (mycelium) and (fruiting body) two major parts.Bacteria meat 2. umbrella shaped fruiting bodies can be divided into two categories, na
22、mely (filamentous bacteria (meat) and vesicles mushroom flesh).The 3. ring is composed of bacteria (within the veil) legacy.The 4. is from volva Legacy (teleoblema).5. there are four main kinds of nutrients needed in the growth and development of edible fungi, namely (Tan Yuan), (Dan Yuan), (mineral
23、 elements) and (growth factors).6., seed production generally consists of four basic processes, namely, preparation medium, sterilization (inoculation) and (cultivation).7. pairs of primary culture medium usually use high-pressure steam sterilization, the required pressure is (1.1kg/cm2), the temper
24、ature is (121 degrees), the time is (2030min).The key to the successful isolation of 8. strains is aseptic processing.9. vaccination equipment (purification workbench), (vaccination box) and (vaccination room).10. bacteria are generally divided into three types, namely, (level I bacteria), (two stra
25、ins), (three strains).11., the first class of bacteria containers (test tubes), specifications (18 20mm * 180 200mm).TwelveThe cotton that makes cotton stopper should be (ordinary lint).13. to determine whether the sterilization is complete, after sterilization must be (test sterilization effect).15
26、., in the mushroom (mushroom or hyphal growth) period, no light, should be avoided light cultivation.16. according to the natural conditions of edible nutrient sources of bacteria generally edible fungus, divided into three different trophic types, namely (saprophytic edible fungus), (parasitic mush
27、room) and (symbiotic edible fungi).17., letinous edodes belongs to (low temperature variable temperature) fruiting fungi.18. Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to the (group I) Order (San Jun), (Ce Er), (Ce Er) genera.19. Coprinus comatus mycelia with (no covering) fruiting characteristics.Three, single ch
28、oice (no more) (each of 2 points, a total of 10 points)1. in the following statement, what is correct is (C).A. mushrooms are mushrooms.B. edible fungi are microorganisms that are edible.C. edible fungi are edible fungi.D. is a general term for large edible mushrooms edible.2., most of the edible fu
29、ngi like (C) environment.A. acid, B., alkaline, C., partial acid, D., alkalescenceIn the 3. system and the two or three class, the culture material should be evaporated in the atmospheric sterilizing stove for 8-10 hours, for the purpose of (C).A. steamed the culture medium, so as to facilitate the
30、absorption and utilization of mycelium.B. softens the medium and also changes its pH.C. kills all microorganisms in the culture material.D. kills some harmful microorganisms in the culture material.4. in taxonomy, Pleurotus ostreatus is only a member of the genus Pleurotus, that is, (C).A. B. delici
31、ous Pleurotus citrinopileatus C. of Pleurotus ostreatus D. of Pleurotus sajor caju5., the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus can really produce spore bearing parts (C).A. B. C. gill fungus meat fruit stipe D.Four, judge the question (the person hits +, the wrong person hits - -) (each question 2 p
32、oints, altogether 30 points)(+) 1. fruiting bodies are the reproductive organs of edible fungi, and mycelium is the nutrient organ of edible fungi.(+) the life cycle of 2. edible fungi is the whole process from spore to the generation of a new spore.(3.) the meat can be used as the material for isol
33、ation and seed production.(+) 4. inoculation is the procedure of transplantation in the process of microbial growth and reproduction.(+) 5. rotary tubes are a way of expanding propagation of bacteria.(6.) placing needles on the top of the alcohol lamp to burn red is a sterilizing measure.(7.) wiping
34、 the surface of the fruiting body with an alcohol cotton ball is a sterilization measure.(+) 8. sterilization of the two or three strain culture medium, the pressure should be 1.5kg/cm2, the temperature should be 126 degrees, and the time is 1.5 to 2.5 hours.(+) 9.PSA medium was formulated as: potat
35、o 200g, sucrose 20g, agar 17 23g, water 1000ml.(10.) there are many methods for isolation of edible fungi. Among them, tissue isolation belongs to sexual reproduction, while spore isolation belongs to asexual reproduction.(+) 11., it is an important measure in the cultivation and management of letin
36、ous edodes to promote the color transfer of bacteria barrel.(+) 12. sleeves are an important measure in the cultivation and management of Flammulina velutipes.(+) 13. mushroom cultures are generally subjected to pre fermentation and post fermentation treatments.(14.) yeasts belong to edible fungi.(1
37、5.) the biggest characteristic of Pleurotus ostreatus is storability.Five, Jane answer (22 points)1. brief description of aseptic operation procedures. (5 points)There are four main points in aseptic operation:(1) any operation must be carried out under sterile conditions.(2) any operating equipment
38、 must be sterilized.(3) when any medium is opened, it must be tilted downward and sealed with flame. The tampon should also be appropriate after singeing and put back into the test tube.(saprophytic fungi), (parasitic edible fungi) and (commensal edible fungi).17. (with no covering) mushroom fruitin
39、g characteristics.18. black fungus belonging to (layer bacteria) class, (Auricularia auricula), (fungus) branch, (fungus) is.The 19. generation of material culture refers to (refers to the use of wastes of agriculture and forestry, industrial production (such as sawdust, cottonseed shell, rice straw
40、, cotton waste lees, etc.) as the main material, adding auxiliary materials into the preparation of peiyangliao method, used to replace the traditional wood or wood to cultivation of edible fungi).Three, single choice (no more) (each of 2 points, a total of 10 points)1. in the following statement, w
41、hat is correct is (C).A. mushrooms are mushrooms.B. edible fungi are microorganisms that are edible.C. edible fungi are edible fungi.D. is a general term for large edible mushrooms edible.2., most of the edible fungi like (C) environment.A. acid, B, alkaline, C, partial acid, D, alkalescenceIn the 3
42、. system and the two or three class, the culture material should be evaporated in the atmospheric sterilizing stove for 8-10 hours, for the purpose of (C).A. steamed the culture medium, so as to facilitate the absorption and utilization of mycelium.B. softens the culture medium and also changes its
43、pH value.C. kills all microorganisms in the culture material.D. kills some harmful microorganisms in the culture material.4. in taxonomy, Pleurotus ostreatus is only a member of the genus Pleurotus, that is, (C).A. B. delicious Pleurotus citrinopileatus C. of Pleurotus ostreatus D. of Pleurotus sajo
44、r caju5., the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus can really produce spore bearing parts (C).A. B. C. gill fungus meat fruit stipe D.Four, judge the question (the person hits +, the wrong person hits - -) (each question 2 points, altogether 22 points)(+) 1. fruiting bodies are the reproductive orga
45、ns of edible fungi, and mycelium is the nutrient organ of edible fungi.(+) the life cycle of 2. edible fungi is the whole process from spore to the generation of a new spore.(3.) the meat can be used as the material for isolation and seed production.(+) 4. inoculation is the procedure of transplanta
46、tion in the process of microbial growth and reproduction.(+) 5. rotary tubes are a way of expanding propagation of bacteria.(6.) placing needles on the top of the alcohol lamp to burn red is a sterilizing measure.(7.) wiping the surface of the fruiting body with an alcohol cotton ball is a steriliza
47、tion measure.(+) 8. sterilization of the two or three strain culture medium, the pressure should be 1.5kg/cm2, the temperature should be 126 degrees, and the time is 1.5 to 2.5 hours.(+) 9.PSA medium was formulated as: potato 200g, sucrose 20g, agar 17 23g, water 1000ml.(10.) the main reason for the malformation of Pleurotus ostreatus is lack of nutrients.(11.) the biggest characteristic of Pleurotus ostreatus is storability.Five, summary questions (33 points)1. what is aseptic operation? How can y