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1、 学而优 教有方 九年Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! 6 / 6一、必会单词：mooncake n.月饼lantern n.灯笼stranger n.陌生人relative n亲属;亲戚pound n.磅(重量单位),英磅(英国货币单位)folk adj民间的;民俗的goddess n女神whoever pron.无论谁,不管什么人steal v (stole/ stolen)偷;窃取lay v.(laid / laid)放置;安放;产(卵);下(蛋)dessert n.(饭后)甜点;甜食garden n花园;园子tradition n
2、.传统admire v欣赏;仰慕tie n.领带v捆;束haunted adj有鬼魂出没的;闹鬼的ghost n鬼;鬼魂trick n.花招;把戏treat n.款待;招待 v 招待;请(客)spider n.蜘蛛Christmas n.圣诞节lie v.(lay /lain) 存在;平躺;处于novel n.(长篇)小说eve n.前;前夜dead adj死的;失去生命的business n.生意;商业punish v.处罚;惩罚warn v警告;告诫present n.现在;礼物 adj现在的warmth n.温暖;暖和spread v (spread/ spread) 传播;展开, n蔓
3、延;传播二、常考短语：the Water Festival泼水节the Chinese Spring Festival中国春节next year明年put on增加(体重);发胖sound like听起来像each other互相;彼此in the shape of以的形状on the Mid- Autumn night在中秋之夜fly up to.飞向lay out摆开;布置come back回来as a result结果;因此Mothers Day母亲节more and more popular越来越流行think of想起;认为;思考dress up装扮;穿上盛装the importan
4、ce of的重要性make money挣钱remind sb. of使某人想起in need需要帮助;处于困境中not only but also不但而且between.and.在和之间the Dragon Boat Festival龙舟节the Lantern Festival元宵节eat out外出就餐go to for a vacation去度假be similar to与相似wash away冲走;洗掉Mid -Autumn Festival中秋节shoot down射下call out大声呼喊the tradition of 的传统at night在夜里;在晚上one the oth
5、er一个,另一个Fathers Day父亲节have to必须;不得不play a trick on sb.捉弄某人the spirit of 的精神care about关心;在乎end up最终成为;最后处于wake up醒来the beginning of 的开始give out分发;发放What+ a(n)十形容词十可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语+其他）！多么的!How十形容词/副词(十主语十谓语十其他)！.多么!be going to.将要/打算give sb. sth给某人某物;把某物给某人refuse to do sth拒绝做某事It is+名词十动词不定式 做某事是What t
6、hink of.?认为怎么样？make sb. do sth.让某人做某事warn sb. to do sth告诫某人做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事in+时间段 在后plan to do sth.计划做某事one of+名词复数形式 之一used to be过去是tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事promise to do sth承诺/答应做某事三、基本句型1. What a great day!2. But I guess it was a little too crowded.3. I wonder if its similar to the Wate
7、r Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.4. Chinese people have been celebrating Mid-autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries.5. After Hou Yi shot down the nine suns, a goddess gave him magic medicine to thank him6. Whoever took this could live forever, and Hou Yi planned to take
8、it with Change.7. A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel written by Charles Dickens8. It is about an old man named Scrooge who never laughs or smiles9.How pretty the dragon boats were!10.It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead.四、重点语法1.宾语从句 1）I know that the Water Festival i
9、s really fun.我知道泼水节非常有趣。2）I Wonder if they ll have the races again next year.我想知道明年他们是否还会举行比赛3）I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.我想知道六月是不是游览香港的好时间以上句子均为含有宾语从句的复合句。句1含有that引导的宾语从句，句2中含有if引导的宾语从句，句3中含有 whether t引导的宾语从句。定义：在复合句中，如果由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫作宾语从句。 构成：关联词+主语+谓语+其他语序：陈述语序 拓展：有些
10、疑问词作句子的主语，所以问句本身就是陈述句语序，在变成宾语从句时，语序无需变化。Do you know what is happening over there?你知道那边发生了什么吗?关联词:引导宾语从句的常见有that，if/ whether，what，who， where，why和how等（1）that: 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，不充当句子成分，that在口语或非正式文体中常省略。（建议不省）I think(that) hell return in an hour.我想他将在一个小时以后回来。The teacher said(that)
11、 I was right.老师说我是正确的。【拓展】关联词that在下列情况下不可省略: 宾语从句的主语是that时 He says that that is a map of the city.他说那是一副城市地图 当宾语从句前有插入语时He says, in his letter, that he misses us very much. 在他的信中，他说他非常想念我们当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时 I cant tell him that his father die.我不能告诉他他父亲去世了（2）if/whether:当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或 whether引
12、导宾语从句，if/whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分，不能省略。I wonder if/ whether he is a drive.我想知道他是不是个司机。Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam艾丽斯想知道她是否已通过了考试【拓展】一般情况下，if和 whether t可互换，在口语中多用if，而在以下几种情况下,只能用 whether: or not直接跟在关联词后时，只能用 whetherI dont know whether or not they will come.我不知道他们是否会来。在动词不定式之前只能
13、用 whetherHe doesnt know whether to go or not他不知道是否会去 介词后通常用 whetherIt depends on whether I have enough time它取决于我是否有足够的时间，注意：if作连词时还有“如果;假如”之意，引导条件状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，则从句要用一般现在时，可简单记忆为“主将从现”。If it does not rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic如果明天不下雨，我们将去野餐。（3）连接代词what，which，who，whose，whom和连接副词 where，when，
14、why和how等疑问词 引导，表示特殊疑问意义，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？时态： (1)如果主句为一般现在时，从句可选择任意适当的时态。（主现从任）Im sorry to hear that you were ill last week听说你上周病了，我很难过(2)如果主句是一般过去时，从句一般要用过去的某种时态。（主过从过）(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)She didnt know that Tom had left for Shanghai她不知道汤姆已经动身
15、去了上海。(3)当宾语从句是表达客观事实或客观规律的句子时，即使主句用过去时态，语从句仍用一般现在时（真理永现）The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快。拓展：1.否定转移 如果主句是第一人称，时态是一般现在时，并且主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose，expect，imagine等时，若从句包含否定的意义，否定要放在主句。（否定在主句，翻译在从句）I dont think I can finish the work on time.(我认为我无法按时完成工作。)
16、2.和“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”转换Can you tell me where to get the scarf? = Can you tell me where I can get the scarf?你能告诉我哪里能买到这条围巾吗?3. 如果复合句中宾语从句很长，那么可以用it作形式宾语，以免句子头重脚轻。He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.，他很明确地说他更喜欢学习英语。2. 感叹句定义：感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。分类：由 what 或 how 引导,结构如下：一、由 what
17、 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an 形容词可数名词单数（主语谓语+ 其他）！”。如：What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2. 可用句型：“ What 形容词可数名词复数（主语谓语+ 其他）！”。如：What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！3. 可用句型：“ What 形容词不可数名词（主语谓语+ 其他）！”。如：What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！二、由 how 引导的感叹句，句子结构分三种：1. 可用句型：“
18、 How 形容词 / 副词（主语谓语+ 其他）！”。如： How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！2. 可用句型：“ How 形容词 a/an 可数名词单数（主语谓语）！”。如：How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3. 可用句型：“ How 主语谓语！”。如：How time flies! 光阴似箭！拓展：由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is! 五、知识点解析、
19、拓展1.常见的put短语有：put away把收起来put down放下;写下put up搭起;张贴put off推迟;拖延put on发胖;穿上;上演，播放put out熄灭2. 教材11 Chinese people have been celebrating the Mid-autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries.中国人庆祝中秋节、吃月饼已经有几个世纪了。本句时态为现在完成进行时，结构是“have/ has been+现在分词”。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去的某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者可能仍要继续下去，强调动作持续
20、的状态。常与for+时间段，since+时间点连用I have been learning English since three years ago自从三年前以来我一直在学英语3.辨析：1) lay 与lie原形含义过去式过去分词现在分词lay放置;安放laidlaidlaying产(卵);下(蛋)lie躺;平卧laylainlying撒谎liedliedlying2) die ,dead与deathdie是不及物动词，意为“死;去世”，一般指因生病、负伤等原因而死去dead是形容词，意为“死的;无生命的”，表示状态,可以在句中作表语或定语death是抽象名词，意为“死;死亡”，通常作不可数
21、名词He was born in 1847 and died in 1913他生于1847年，死于1913年。He is dead, but his name will live for ever in our hearts.他虽然死了，但他的名字将永远在我们心中。It doesnt look like a dead fox看起来它不像一只死狐狸。I heard of his death when I got to his house我到他家时得知了他的死讯。注意: die是短暂性(非延续性)动词，不能和表示时间段的词或短语搭配。若表示“死了多长时间”，要用延续性的 be dead。“他爷爷去
22、世两年了”的表达方式有:(误 )His grandfather has died for two years.(正) His grandfather has been dead for two years.(正) His grandfather died two years ago.4. 教材 11 How he wished that Change could come hack!他是多么希望嫦娥能回来呀辨析:wish与hopewish表示某种强烈的“愿望”:后跟从句时，一般表示难以实现的“愿望”，从句常用虚拟语气wish to do sth“希望做某事”I wish to go right
23、 now.我希望现在就走wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事I wish him to make progress.我希望他取得进步wish+ that 从句 “希望”I wish I could fly like a bird.但愿我能像鸟儿一样飞。表示美好的“祝愿”wish+宾语十宾语补足语(形容词或名词)I wish you happy.祝你幸福I wish you a pleasant journey.祝你旅途愉快。hope表示可以实现或能达成的“希望”hope to do sth.“希望做某事We hope to see you again.我们希望能再次见到你。h
24、ope+ that从句“希望”We hope that we can see you again.我们希望能再次见到你。5. 教材14 A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel written by Charles Dickens圣诞欢歌是查尔斯狄更斯所写的一部著名的短篇小说。本句中的 written by Charles Dickens是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰名词 novel。过去分词短语作后置定语时，相当于定语从句。本句还可改写成 A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel which/that was
25、 written by Charles Dickens.I havent read the novel written by Han Han我没有读过韩寒写的那部小说。辨析: 分词作后置定语时的区别现在分词作后置定语 所修饰的词和分词所表示的动作之间是主动关系过去分词作后置定语 所修饰的词和分词所表示的动作之间是被动关系I dont know the man standing at the door.我不认识那个正站在门口的男人。( the man和 stand之间是主动关系)Can you see the bridge built by the local villagers?你看到那座由当
26、地村民建造的桥了吗?( the bridge和build之间是被动关系)6. 教材14 He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesnt want to end up like him.他警告斯克鲁奇，若是不想和他落得同样的下场，就应该改变他的行事方式。1）本句中的 warn sh. to do sth.意为“告诫某人做某事;警告某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作warn的宾语补足语。拓展: warn有如下搭配形式warn sb of/about sth. 警告某人关于某事 warn sb. to do sth警告某人做某事warn sb. not
27、to do sth 警告某人不要做某事 warn sb against (doing)sth.警告某人不要做某事They warned him of the danger of sailing alone 他们警告过他独自航行的危险性。Lisa warned me to stay away from smoking and drinking莉萨告诫过我要远离烟酒。My father warned me not to climb the mountain in such bad weather我爸爸警告过我不要在这么糟糕的天气去爬山。He warned us against pickpocket
28、s.他告诫我们要小心扒手。They warned him against swimming in the river.他们警告他不要在那条河里游泳2）常见的“动词+up”结构的短语有:end up 最终成为，最后处于grow up长大take up占用get up起来give up放弃wake up 醒来tidy up收拾;整理stay up熬夜clean up打扫干净use up用完;耗尽look up查阅;向上看7. 教材16 Not only do people spread them around in different hiding places for an egg hunt,
29、but they also give out these treats as gifts.人们不仅为了寻找复活节彩蛋游戏而将彩蛋分散到周围不同的藏匿处，而且他们还分发这些好吃的作为礼物。not only.but(also) 意为不但而且”，其中also可省略，用于连接两个相同的句子成分。句子中 Not only do people spread them an egg hunt是倒装句，其中的否定词组 not only用于句首是为了表示强调.在英语中为了强调某些内容，常把一些否定词语置于句首，这时句子用倒装语序，常见的这类否定词还有:never，little，hardly等Not only h
30、as he entered the college, but also he has got an award.他不仅上了那所大学，而且还获了笑Never have I heard of such a name.我从未听说过这样一个名字【拓展】 not only.but(also).可连接句子的主语，谓语，宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致（就近原则）Not only he but also I have been to the Great Wall.不但他去过长城，而且我也去过Not only the students but also the teacher likes soccer.不但学生们喜欢足球，而且老师也喜欢