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1、材料成型及控制工程专业 本科毕业设计创新与实践（）Undergraduate graduation design plays an important role in the process of personnel training in Colleges and universities, is an important means of testing students comprehensive analysis and problem solving ability, practice ability and entrepreneurial spirit is to cultivat
2、e college students innovative thinking and practice, played a transitional role. Material forming and control engineering is a culture with a material processing basic knowledge and application ability, can be engaged in product design, manufacturing, technology development, research, management and
3、 sales and other aspects of the practical ability and innovation spirit of application-oriented talents in material forming and control engineering in the field of science. The basic theory and technology of engineering students in the major of materials science, material processing and control, con
4、trol of the manufacturing method design, material molding tooling and related equipment, the basic mechanical engineer by training, has the basic ability to engage in all kinds of materials processing technology and equipment design, process control, technology development, production organization a
5、nd management the. But with the expansion of higher education led to lower quality and employment Shuangxuan forward, students on the traditional graduation design topics of the process of attention and investment is obviously insufficient, has obvious influence to the quality of undergraduate gradu
6、ation design, so how to improve the quality of teaching has become the current grim situation of urgent problems.Firstly, the problems existing in the graduation project1, the common problems existing in graduation project(1) lack of understanding of the importance of graduation design. In the proce
7、ss of graduation design, some students lack of knowledge on the topic, not fully prepared, the design process is often a mere formality, its performance is often deal with trouble, but the reason is students can not correctly understand the purpose and function of graduation design. So, we should co
8、nscientiously do a good job of graduate design education, mobilization and propaganda work at the beginning of the graduation design, the graduating class of teachers and students on the mobilization of the general assembly, so that teachers and students pay full attention to the importance of gradu
9、ate design in teaching, understand the task, content, process and effect of the undergraduate graduation design. At the same time, strict attendance, process monitoring, inspection results, graduation reply regulations and assessment methods, to enable students to understand and pay attention to the
10、 graduation design, graduation design, correct attitude, carefully complete the graduation design.(2) some of the questions are out of date and can not adapt to the new development. Knowledge update is very fast, and graduation project topics are often unable to keep up with this change. Because of
11、the lack of research projects to guide the enthusiasm of teachers is not enough, many questions are the original title of renovation, students dislike; teachers rarely take into account the feelings of students, students lack of initiative, learning input will be greatly discounted.(3) lack of learn
12、ing engagement. Annual graduation design time and PubMed, job search conflict. Due to the increasing employment pressure, students Kaoyan contact work take up a lot of time, really into the graduation design in the limited time and energy, graduation design appear absent-minded, slack mood. In addit
13、ion, part of the basis of poor students, in the stage of learning theory developed for learning is not serious, muddle along habits, into the graduation design stage is still a continuation of this habit, or struggling to cope with the difficult to fail the exam, will be sufficient time for graduati
14、on design. In the past few years, 1-2 students were graduating from school each year because they could not finish their graduation project on time.2, material forming and control engineering graduate design features(1) graduation design topic relates to a wide range of knowledge. The major of mater
15、ial forming and control engineering is the national professional merger and adjustment in 1999. It is based on the major of welding, forging, casting and heat treatment, and has changed its name to material forming and control engineering. At present, our school has formed the professional organizat
16、ion of the pipe forming process and performance control, the mechanical properties of materials analysis and testing, materials processing, materials performance control welding and surface engineering technology, the mechanism of corrosion and protection of oil and gas, material processing equipmen
17、t and automation control failure analysis system, research direction and structure of oil pipe. Different teachers have different research directions. This resulted in the traditional topics, teachers consider students feelings and neglect, only a handful of students choose their own interest to the
18、 subject, most of the students have to accept employment or with unrelated topic you are not interested in. Thus, in the graduation project, the dedication and concentration of students dropped seriously, and the enthusiasm and initiative were frustrated.(2) practice is strong. For the material form
19、ing and control engineering, graduate students, mainly engaged in the production process for new product development, and technology management work, which requires students to produce the desired product, formed from the production plan to the final product, the entire production process have a mor
20、e comprehensive and systematic understanding and knowledge. Therefore, the topic of graduation project (Thesis) is selected,Should mainly be based on production time. Although most of these topics are virtual, but the practice has proved that, because of the problems of content production practice b
21、asically can with the students in the future employment work practice, knowledge and covered a broad, comprehensive, so that students will be able to learn the relevant knowledge to design, have to consolidate and deepen and expand students knowledge, to make students get all-round training, to cult
22、ivate students ability to work independently.Two, undergraduate graduation project (Thesis) practice1, adverse selection of undergraduate designThe reverse selection of graduation project is a model contrary to the traditional topic selection. The reverse topic is selected by the students and the te
23、acher chooses them. Thus, in the process of graduation design, if students can satisfy the expectation of future employment or interest, the potential of students can be stimulated, and the students interest in study and the devotion to study will be greatly increased. That is why Confucius said, th
24、ose who know better than those who are good are better than those who do not.The traditional model of positive topic selection is no longer suitable for the development of modern education. And through reverse topics, students can increase interest, increase learning input, stimulate students awaren
25、ess of innovation, improve students self-learning ability and practical ability, is conducive to training students entrepreneurial spirit. This topic selection method is people-oriented and takes full account of the individual differences of students. It is of great significance for improving the st
26、udents learning input and improving the quality of graduate design.The subject selection of the 2009 undergraduate graduation project adopts reverse selection, and the effect is better. 2009 a total of 77 students participated in the graduation design, including 55 questions, covering the welding pr
27、ocess, heat treatment, microstructure analysis, nondestructive testing, corrosion protection, automation equipment, surface engineering, of which there are 42 candidates to the satisfaction of the subject. The process of graduation design shows that the enthusiasm of students in this part is obvious
28、ly higher than that of other students, and most of them are in good and good grades.Since the practice of reverse design of graduation project has been carried out since 2000, due to the weakness of teachers, lack of funds and the inertia of teachers thinking, the topic of reverse selection has not
29、been widely promoted. Therefore, it is suggested that the following measures should be taken:(1) take the scientific way of choosing a topic, and give full play to the students enthusiasm and the guiding role of teachers;(2) refine the topic of the students, adjust the direction, difficulty and work
30、load of the topic;(3) classify the topics in a reasonable way so as not to cause problems to scatter and influence the quality of graduation design. For more than professional subjects, we can employ the mode of joint guidance of professional or off campus tutors.2 、 graduation project and scientifi
31、c research workAccording to the scientific research project, the teacher lists the questions that exceed the number of students. The students are chosen according to their personal interests and employment direction. The combination of graduation project and scientific research project can effective
32、ly alleviate the shortage of teaching resources, and can better train students scientific research practice ability and innovative ability, and help to cultivate students sense of responsibility. But in the specific operation process need to pay attention to the selection of topics is very important
33、, the actual ability to consider the difficulty of the subject and the workload of the students too will cause great psychological burden to the students, too small to reach the purpose of cultivating students comprehensive ability. Students should be guaranteed to complete the graduation project wi
34、thin a limited period of time by using what they have learned and the existing experimental conditions.The specialty of material forming and control engineering of our University attaches great importance to the combination of graduation project and scientific research project. This kind of problem
35、with professional direction closely, and most of the problems will require the student arebeginning to solve practical engineering problems, and consistent with the professional student employment after work, students interest and investment increase greatly. In the past two years, the subjects of g
36、raduation project with scientific research projects have basically accounted for about 60% of the total title, and the 2008 titles of engineering design and comprehensive experimental subjects accounted for 84.5%, and the 2009 session accounted for 94.8%. A graduate of funding and experimental equip
37、ment design may need to compensate for the lack of support from scientific research project funds of graduation design, on the other hand, the students will be more mobile phone at the graduation design, enthusiasm is high, investment is large, can promote the quality of graduation design.3, teach s
38、tudents in accordance with their aptitude and carry out tutorial systemAfter entering the junior three years of professional courses, students have the ability to carry out the preliminary professional basic course research learning. The specific operation, taking into account the concept of individ
39、ualized learning, focusing on the top 20% and ranked 10% students with mentors, other students and teachers according to individual needs to fill in the application can also be equipped with the tutor. The top 20% of the students are affected by the current economic crisis and the future of their ow
40、n, many of which are going to graduate school. This part of the students learning enthusiasm, time is more abundant, through the guidance of instructors,We can make clear the future development plan, train the students innovative spirit and practical ability, and lay a solid foundation for the quali
41、ty improvement of graduation project. 10% of the students have poor learning ability, lack of initiative and let their development. For the graduation project of the fourth stage, it is difficult to guarantee the quality, and it is not conducive to the improvement of the quality of daily teaching.Th
42、rough in the stage of professional courses with mentors, students of professional courses to learn more enthusiasm, in the graduation design stage, more directional selection, enthusiasm is higher, showing strong thirst for knowledge. Through practice in recent years, this approach has been promotin
43、g the overall level of graduate design has shown a positive role in promoting.However, because this is a new attempt to model, the guidance of teachers, students lack of experience more, reason and the related system is not perfect, many problems still exist in the implementation process, so it stil
44、l needs to strengthen the related research, and make the tutor system play an important role in the process of undergraduate teaching.Three, concluding remarksIn summary, the undergraduate graduation design work is an important part of personnel training in Colleges and universities, in practice, in
45、novation can take a variety of ways to improve the quality of teaching, the students creative thinking and practical ability and entrepreneurial spirit in this process really increased, for future work and lay a solid foundation for further studies.this paper is a periodical achievement of the refor
46、m and practice of undergraduate graduation project in key teaching reform project of Xian Petroleum University in 2007. (item number: YS27061343)Reference：1 Li Yibing, Jiang Tao, Ye Fang, et al. Electronic information engineering undergraduate graduation design innovation and practice of J. traffic
47、science and technology and economy, 2009, 54 (4): 125-126.2 Zhu Xian. Undergraduate design. Combination of trial and research projects. J. teaching construction and reform, 2007, 10:41-42.3, Ralph, •, Taylor. Basic principles of curriculum and instruction M. Beijing: Peoples education press, 1994.