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1、运动训练学（Sports training）Review of sports training1 competitive sports: it is an important part of sports, sports competition is the main feature, in order to create excellent sports performance, winning the competition as the main goal of social sports activities.2 sports training: it is an important
2、part of competitive sports, in order to improve the athletes competitive ability and performance, under the guidance of coaches and organized special planned sports activities.3 sports training:1) it is the science of studying the law of sports training. It can be divided into: general training, ite
3、m group training and special training2) it is to reveal the rules of sports training activities, guiding the special sports training practice, the special training activities based on the training theory on the basis of scientific discipline, efforts to improve the scientific level of training. Spor
4、ts training theory can be divided into: general training theory, item group training theory and special training theoryThe 4 research content of sports training theory: the material load and effect of the status of competitive sports physical training methods and means of the purpose, task and chara
5、cteristics of the sports training theory and the principle of sports training, physical training and technical and tactical training, psychological training and training process, intelligent planning and control to athletes and recovery5 sports performance: it is the result of athletes participating
6、 in the competition, is a comprehensive evaluation of the athletes and their opponents competitive ability in the competition according to the specific evaluation behavior. It includes: (1) the athletic level shown by the players in the competition; the victory or defeat of the competition6 the deci
7、sive factors of athletic performance: 1. Athletes level of competition displayed in competition: the competitive level of opponents, the evaluation of competition results (competition rules, evaluation means, the level of referee)7 competitive ability: it refers to the ability of athletes to partici
8、pate. It consists of physical, technical, tactical, athletic and mental abilities with different manifestations and different functions, and is comprehensively displayed in the process of special sports.8 the concentrated expression of competitive ability:1) physical fitness level: concentrated in t
9、he strength, speed, endurance of the three basic sports quality, and between the three kinds of combination of sports quality development level. The shape and functional state of human body is the basic condition to determine the level of athletic quality.2) technical level: his level can be judged
10、from two aspects of rationality and stability of technology.3) tactical ability is shown as follows: (1) striving to give full play to their physical, technical and psychological abilitiesTo the extent permitted by the rules, interference opponent athletics ability evaluation of the contest results
11、of applying the legal status and the influence of athletes intelligence and the general level of professional knowledge has an important influence on its tactical ability4) highly developed coordination ability is the prerequisite for athletes to master reasonable sports skills5) psychological abili
12、ty, involving a wide range of areas, in the competition concentrated expression of competition emotion and competitive will. Encourage players with positive means and control within a moderate range.The role of 9 state diagnosis in training:(1) to establish an objective and accurate starting point f
13、or the training process; to examine and evaluate the training effect timely; to implement effective training control10 establish the role of target training:(1) effectively arouse the sense of responsibility and enterprising spirit of the main part of sports training; and the important basis for mak
14、ing sports training plan11 start status diagnosis content: athletic performance, athletic ability, training load (diagnosis)A complete training target content: athletic performance, competitive ability, training load (index)Sports performance (competitive level)Competitive ability (single factor fea
15、ture model, multi factor characteristic model)Training load (training load measure): the amount of load: sub, time, distance, heavy load intensity: speed, heavy, dense, difficult12 training principles:1) it is determined by the objective laws of training activities, and the basic rules that must be
16、followed when organizing training.2) it is the reflection of objective law of training activity, and has universal guiding significance to practice.The 13 main principles of training: effective control principle, principle of motivation, competitive principles, periodic arrangement principle, suitab
17、le load principle, principle of systematic training, timely recovery principle, intuitive coach principle, the principle of distinction14 effective control principle: refers to the training principle of effective control of sports training activities. In training, we should accurately grasp and cont
18、rol the training in all aspects or processes of each stage, training content, measurement and implementation, and timely and necessary adjustments to ensure the realization of training objectives.15 the theoretical basis of effective control principle: the variability of the motion process requires
19、effective control.16 effective control principle, theoretical basis:Modern cybernetics: complete training control should have the following basic links and conditions:1) the main controlling body (coach) and the controlled object (athlete).2) control information (explanation, demonstration) and forw
20、ard information control channel3) feedback devices, feedback information and feedback information control channels4) training information is a necessary condition for effective training controlSports training information reflects the various conditions and characteristics of the quality of sports tr
21、aining itself. The use of information mainly refers to the use of informationThe control information of the information feedback on the diagnosis process of athlete training and the state of the material object information determination of various information, comprehensive regulation of multi disci
22、pline in the process of training and the use of the public opinion disturbance information, to influence and control the opponent in a certain extent, the tactical decision etc.17 training and key points of effective control principle:1) making scientific training plan is an important prerequisite f
23、or effective control of sports training process2) attach great importance to the collection and application of training information3) timely revise and adjust the training plan18 suitable load principle:1) concept: the suitable load refers to the principle of law and the real state of athletes body
24、function training, and the need to improve athletic ability, to give the corresponding measure in training load, training principle to achieve the desired effect.2) theoretical basis:(1) biological adaptation under the condition of training load. The deterioration of the body under overload3) traini
25、ng points:(1) correctly understand the composition of the load: the amount of load, reflecting the size of the body stimulation (sub, time, distance, weight), the load intensity reflects the depth of the body to the stimulus (speed, distance, high, difficult). The incremental increase in the load me
26、asurement: there are four basic types: straight type, ladder type, wave type, jump to explore the scientific measure of the load type zero value: zero value by the development degree, athletics level, health status, daily rest, state of mind effect. (4) establishing a scientific diagnosis system. Co
27、rrectly handling the relationship between load and recovery (considering the recovery of the load after the planned load)19 principle of difference treatment:1) concept: refers to different events, athletes, training status, training mission, training conditions should have different organizational
28、arrangements for the respective training process, select the corresponding training content, give the corresponding principles of training load.2) theoretical basis: (1) the diversity of sports special needs; 2. The diversity of individual characteristics of athletes; 3. The variability of sports tr
29、aining characteristics3) training points:(1) attention factors: (1) Sports Specialty: the development law of achievement and special achievement; training objects: they have different characteristics in biology, psychology, sociology and training.The training conditions in different periods of diffe
30、rent stages and the location, climate, environment and other factors, peer (two) to deal with the relationship between the CPC and the training of personality (three) coaches to timely and accurately grasp the situation of athletes: initial condition, training, testing, marking the special training
31、diary.20 sports training methods:1) concept: it is in sports training activities, improve the level of competition, the completion of training tasks and ways2) function: it is an application tool for coaches to do training work, complete training tasks and improve athletes competitive ability.3) cor
32、rectly understand and grasp the functions and characteristics of different training methods: (1) help to successfully complete the training tasks in different periods of sports training; 2. Help to effectively control the development process of various competitive abilitiesThird, it is helpful to im
33、prove the overall competitive ability of athletes of different events scientifically4) basic structure: (1) exercise action and its combination method. 2. Exercise load and its change method. 3. Arrangement process and its change mode. 4. Information media and its transfer mode. External conditions
34、and their changing ways5) classification(1) the overall control method: A. mode training method, B. program training method (2) specific operation methods: integrity, decomposition, continuity, gap, repetition, transformation, competition, circulation21 sports training means: in the process of sport
35、s training, in order to improve the ability of a competitive sports, to complete a specific training task and special physical exercises. It is a specific and purposeful way of physical activity, which is the concrete embodiment of sports training methods.22, the basic structure of sports training m
36、eans: because of the dynamic elements of the movement, the composition of the requirements and changes in the process elements, and combines a variety of training means1) the dynamic characteristics of physical exercises include the fulcrum of force, the magnitude of force and the direction of force
37、2) the composition of body exercises: the seven requirements of posture, track, time, speed, speed, strength and rhythm of body exercise3) the movement of body exercises: beginning, going and ending23 classification of sports training means:A in accordance with the purpose of exercise:(1) developing
38、 physical training means; improving technical training means; improving tactics training means; improving training methods in heartB the effect of training meansGeneral training methods and professional training methodsC according to application valueBasic exercises and auxiliary exercisesCharacteri
39、stics of D movement structurePeriodic exercises and mixed exercises24 interval training method:1) concept: refers to the repeated exercise time to make strict regulations, so that the body is not fully recovered in the state of repeated practice training methods(1) application characteristics of hig
40、h-intensity intermittent training method: A., it is an important training method to develop glycolysis system energy supply, phosphate and glycolysis energy supply and metabolic system energy supply ability.The use of B. points: a practice of load for a short time (40 seconds to load strength) the h
41、eart rate per minute about 190 times the intermittent time is very inadequate, the heart rate decreased to 120 times per minute, starting an exercise machine under the action of Exercises Exercises for single and combined the basic stability of the technology. The main energy metabolism and glycolys
42、is system enabled phosphate supply system(two) intensive intermittent training method:A is a major method of developing glycolysis, energy metabolism system and aerobic metabolism system for mixed energy supply and heart energy supplyB application of the physical fitness of sports items: load. An ex
43、ercise longer than main competition time (about 100 - 300 seconds), the load intensity is slightly lower than the 5% - 10% main competition strength, heart rate = 170 - 180 / min, intermittent time in heart rate dropped to 120 times per minute start an exercise for the skills of sports items, techni
44、cal movements more types of exercise for the combination of technology, technical actions of high load intensity, load properties and strength endurance and speed endurance. Strict control of intermittent time is emphasized,Emphasis is placed on the use of glycolysis system or its major metabolic sy
45、stem(three) developmental intermittent training method:A. is an important training method for the development of aerobic metabolic system energy supply capacity, exercise intensity under aerobic metabolism and cardiac energy supplyB. note: a long time practice once the load should be at least the lo
46、ad intensity control in the average heart rate of about 160 times per minute, the intermittent time to heart rate per minute to 120 bpm, beginning next practice in more than 5 minutes25 transform training method:1) concept: refers to the transformation of sports load, exercise content, practice form
47、s and conditions, in order to improve the athletes enthusiasm, interest, adaptability and adaptability of the training methods.2) basic types: (1) load transformation training method; content transformation training method; formal transformation training method3) four ways of load transformation tra
48、ining method:The load intensity and load amount remained constant collocation form the load intensity constant, load change and load change form collocation form, collocation form the load intensity and load varying load constantApplication characteristics: reduce the load intensity, can be conducive to learning and mastering the technology to improve exercise load intensity and density, can make the body to adapt to the need of the game by changing the exercise load strength, exercise frequency, exercise tim