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1、我国海洋钻井技术（Marine drilling technology in China）1 IntroductionTwenty-first Century is the ocean century, and it is particularly important to develop marine science and technology and high-tech equipment.In recent years, with the increasing consumption of oil and gas resources in the world and the accel
2、eration of the exploitation of land crude oil, oil and gas exploration and development in the marine field has become a new focus. The next 15-20 years will be a critical period for the rapid development of Chinas offshore drilling market. Because of the great demand for oil and gas resources in Chi
3、na, the major domestic oil companies have developed their deepwater drilling equipment plans. In the next 5 years, China offshore oil company will invest 120 billion yuan for offshore oil and gas exploration and development, marine engineering equipment investment is the main part, the need to creat
4、e a variety of fixed and mobile production drilling platform more than 70, including the new multi seat self lifting type and semi submersible drilling platform. In addition, China Petroleum, Sinopec, CNOOCs three largest oil group company has started to research the working equipment of marine expl
5、oration and development of deepwater oil and gas project in the 12th Five-Year during the development of our country with independent intellectual property rights of the 3000m deepwater semi submersible drilling platform, which will promote the rapid development of Chinas offshore oil equipment the.
6、2 application status of offshore oil equipment in ChinaAt present, offshore oil and gas exploration and development in China are mainly concentrated in the continental shelf area, depth of less than 300m, the drilling depth is less than 7000m, the water is almost entirely dependent on imports of pro
7、duction equipment, offshore oil discovery rate was only 18.5%, was only 9.2% that of natural gas. Data show that China has a relatively small number of offshore drilling platforms. As an international competitive offshore oil company, the basic conditions of CNOOCs platform include: 65 fixed platfor
8、ms, 9 self elevating platforms, 3 semi submersible platforms, and FPSO14 seats.From the history of marine equipment development, Chinas offshore oil equipment development began in the early 1970s. Since 80s, China has made some breakthroughs in the development of semi submersible drilling equipment.
9、 After entering the twenty-first Century, especially in recent years, China has increased the exploration and development of offshore oil and gas resources and oil drilling equipment research and development efforts, the rapid development of marine equipment technology.From the basic situation of Ch
10、inas marine equipment and shipbuilding industry, there is no real professional shipbuilding company specializing in offshore oil drilling equipment in china. But the platform construction, currently has certain research foundation and construction experience of the company mainly include Hudong Zhon
11、ghua shipbuilding (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Changxin Jiangnan Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co. Ltd., Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Group Co. ltd. Hudong Zhonghua shipbuilding (Group) Co., Ltd. is the domestic first years exceede
12、d the total 1 million tons of shipbuilding enterprises, China has completed first catamaran floating drilling ship exploration Building No. 1, and the construction of the 4200m3LPG ship, victory 3 submersible drilling platform. Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. is the first shipyard in Chin
13、a with an annual output capacity of more than 2 million tons, and has built 300 thousand large tonnage dock 2 and 2 600T Longmen crane at present. Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd is Chinese shipbuilding industry group holdings of large shipbuilding enterprises, China had built the vict
14、ory 2 drilling platform, victory 3 platform, Liaohe No. 1 self elevating drilling and workover platform. Dalian shipbuilding industry is a large comprehensive enterprise China shipbuilding shipbuilding industry group holdings, has the general berth 4, semi dock berth 1, dock 5, so far, the construct
15、ion of a total of self elevating, semi submersible platform 36.From the point of view of marine equipment research institutions, there are fewer institutions specializing in marine equipment research in China, and fewer institutions for systematic research on offshore oil drilling and production equ
16、ipment. In terms of unit technology, the main research units include: seven, 0 and eight in Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dalian University of Technology, China University of Petroleum (Hua Dong) and so on. Shanghai seven, 0, eight is a high level and systematic research institution in of
17、fshore platform engineering design. It has designed self elevating, semi submersible and bottom seated drilling platforms and bottom mounted oil production platforms. Has developed 9 types of FPSO, from 50 thousand tons to 150 thousand tons, from the soft yoke single point mooring type to the turret
18、, working depth from 24m to 120m. The State Key Laboratory of ocean engineering has been established in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and the research results of independent intellectual property rights have been obtained in the development of dynamic positioning system. Dalian University of Techno
19、logy has participated in the optimization design of the main structure of 4 semi submersible drilling platforms (BINGO-9000 type), the design of multi-point mooring system and the design of high-pressure pipeline system,The formation of the ocean environment parameters analysis and prediction, ocean
20、 structure movement in the marine environment and an environmental load calculation, mooring system analysis, structure dynamic response and optimization of structure design and fatigue analysis calculation software system. China University of Petroleum (East China) opened on offshore oil engineerin
21、g room, equipped with high frequency fatigue testing machine, intelligent eddy current testing system, large wind wave tank hardware system and AN-SYS calculation software ABAQUS multiple analysis, has certain theoretical foundation and experience in the analysis of oil and gas equipment strength an
22、d reliability assessment theory etc.From the situation of Chinas offshore oil equipment manufacturing, the production of complete sets of offshore oil rigs, marine underwater production systems and other enterprises with greater impact and scale manufacturing capacity is relatively small. Baoji Oilf
23、ield Machinery Co can design and manufacture 1500-12000 M sets of onshore / offshore drilling rigs, high-power drilling pumps and other products. In recent years, the company has undertaken and completed the CNOOC, Panyu 30-1, Huizhou Chunxiao, Nanpu 35-2, CPOE61 63, developed a number of projects a
24、nd the drilling and repairing machine module, a good foundation for the development of Chinas offshore oil equipment. Lan Shi National Oilwell Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. is able to manufacture 1000-9000m sets of oil rigs and marine shelves. Nanyang Erji petroleum equipment (Group) Co. Ltd. to m
25、anufacture 1000-4000m skid mounted rig, truck mounted rig series series and marine workover machine etc.3, the main gap between Chinas offshore oil equipment and foreign technologyIn the past 40 years, especially after the twenty-first Century, China has made great progress in the development of oil
26、 drilling equipment both on the land and in the sea. But in terms of technical development of offshore oil drilling equipment, there are still many gaps between China and the developed countries, mainly in the following aspects.3.1, the specialization of offshore oil equipment is lowCompared with th
27、e western developed countries, China has a lower level of specialization in marine drilling and production equipment, less collectivization and internationalization, less investment in technology and relatively weak sense of self innovation. Such as the United States NOV company is the international
28、 famous petroleum equipment enterprises, its product range covers almost from the research and development of oil drilling equipment products of conventional terrestrial drilling, special regional drilling, ocean water, sea water for all-around, various types of landforms, and many countries in the
29、world, a place with its own subsidiary company, the development of worlds largest oil drilling equipment first.3.2, the number of offshore oil equipment is small and the type is singleAccording to statistics, the world is currently using the drilling platform of about 580, if coupled with a variety
30、of oil platforms, oil carriers and so on more. The platform form includes all kinds of new TLP platform, SPAR platform, adaptive platform and other multi-functional integrated platform, which have various forms and complete varieties. Comparatively, the present situation in our country is relatively
31、 poor. Only 37 offshore oil and gas drilling and production equipment have been put into use, and the main structures are jacket type, seat bottom type and self lifting structure. The structure is simple and the function is unitary. From 2000 to 2004, the whole world is building new jack up platform
32、 of 16 ships, 18 ships semi submersible drilling, floating boat 6, China in the same period only built a semi submersible drilling platform is built and only 4 ships, the hull, other equipment from abroad and supporting construction.3.3 offshore oil equipment to adapt to water depth and drilling abi
33、lity is poorIn 2004, the global number of semi submersible platform soared to 183, especially in the depth of 1829m (6000 feet) of more than 31 vessels, while the water depth at 2286m (7500 feet) of more than 16 vessels, maximum working depth has reached 3048m (10000 feet), offshore drilling to enha
34、nce the ability to upgrade equipment to reach 1.25 * 100kN. The drilling depth of more than 10000m. Chinas offshore oil drilling has not yet been involved in deepwater field. In 1984, the maximum water depth of exploration No. 3 built by Shanghai shipyard was less than 300m. As for equipment upgradi
35、ng capacity and drilling depth, the gap is greater, the current domestic drilling equipment for offshore upgrading capability is only 4500kN, drilling capacity has not exceeded 7000m so far.3.4, marine oil equipment supporting foundation is poor, and supporting capacity is insufficientIn the matchin
36、g foundation of petroleum drilling equipment, there is a big gap between China and developed countries in terms of power, control, equipment and comprehensive supporting capacity. Such as the use of domestic rig diesel engine, inverter, wellhead mechanical tools, top drive device are imported from w
37、estern developed countries; in the control system of marine drilling, drill pipe, the use of offshore drilling platforms, marine riser conveying, automatic underwater equipment installation, lifting device, frame, DP3 platform in Shuangjing dynamic positioning, Shuangjing port automatic drilling and
38、 drill equipment, offshore drilling system, heave compensation device,The history of the use of foreign countries is more than 10 years, while the domestic is still at the stage of analysis and research. As far as marine key equipment is still in the blank state.3.5 offshore oil equipment research i
39、nstitutions are few and insufficient investmentSo far, there is no professional offshore oil equipment research institute with a wide range of distribution, systematic research, comprehensive and comprehensive ability. Shanghai seven 0 eight on the hull structure research has a certain foundation, b
40、ut limited by industry, the lack of professional basic technology of drilling equipment and drilling; Baoji Oilfield Machinery Co has a very mature experience to complete drilling research, but the lack of basic and necessary resources in the study of offshore platform and control technology. In add
41、ition, there are 3 main problems: one is the lack of investment in terms of software design of key test facilities and equipment, technical personnel; two is engaged in professional research, science and technology development is insufficient; three is the ability of the enterprise, the risk of oil
42、is poor, which lead to the development of Chinas offshore oil equipment limited.4, the future development of Chinas offshore oil equipment4.1 development prospect of offshore platform equipment in ChinaThe hot spot of offshore oil competition in the future is deep water technology field, and the mai
43、nstream of the platform is semi submersible structure. Over the years, the development of offshore oil and gas resources in China is mainly focused on 200m water depth within the coastal waters, still do not have the ability to exceed the 500m deepwater operation, but in China offshore platform cons
44、truction has accumulated rich experience, has shown a strong momentum of development. According to statistics, China is currently building a variety of platforms including offshore oil 942 offshore mobile platform, CNOOC No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, No. 10 jack up mobile platform, sea stone uranium 901 self
45、 elevating offshore oil platform, multi function 902, Jack multi function platform, CPOE 62 self elevating mobile platform and CPOE 33 seat bottom type mobile platform and other 10 kinds of. At the same time, in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the South China Sea, CNOOC has developed some or all of t
46、he deep-sea oil and gas field development technologies through cooperation with foreign oil companies. At present, CNOOC has been looking for offshore oil exploration under complicated geological conditions of oil and gas exploration and development of offshore oil and gas fields, its participation
47、in international competition, the development of overseas oil field in the field of maritime professional and technical development ability four. Especially happily, 2004 study by CNOOC research center and take the lead in building the National 863 project research project development of deepwater o
48、il and gas project in 2006 and shared technology platform for petroleum offshore petroleum engineering company to take the lead of the National 863 project key technology of deepwater semi submersible drilling platform, the platform is designed by DP3 dynamic positioning system is advanced, the tech
49、nology has reached the international level of the sixth generation semi submersible platform. In addition, led by CNOOC in the National 863 project deepwater semi submersible drilling platform key technology of the drilling platform in Shanghai Waigaoqiao built, at the same time by the Dalian heavy industry R & D building, known as the worlds first crane bridge crane 20 thousand tons in Yantai, Marine Engineering Co. Ltd. was opened. The achievement of t