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1、煤炭企业生态环境成本分析（Analysis of ecological environment cost of coal enterprise）The analysis of the ecological environment the cost of coal enterprisesThe ecological environment of the coal enterprise cost analysis 2008-12-20 15:10:17The cost of ecological environment is also called green cost, due to the i
2、ncreasingly serious environmental pollution and ecological destruction, refers to the responsibility cost associated with the activities of the environmental responsibility of enterprises. It is used for environmental governance, ecological construction, industrial pollution control and environmenta
3、l supervision and management fees to pay the costs of the resources. Environmental economics, ecological environment cost can be referred to as environmental cost; ecological economics, ecological environment is the ecological cost cost. The main resources, coal resources belong to our country howev
4、er, coal production is the process of resource depletion, environmental damage, therefore, to establish the cost of ecological environment is conducive to strengthen the resolve environmental problems of coal production cost consciousness, is conducive to the analysis and evaluation of the environme
5、ntal protection work performance, is conducive to the sustainable development of coal enterprises in china.The characteristics of ecological environment, the cost of coal enterprises(a) the cost of ecological environment in the higher proportion of the cost of coal productionThe production process o
6、f coal, coal production process is not only the product, but also a process of destruction of the ecological environment, resource depletion. The coal enterprises in the production process, not only to pay the cost of production, but also to pay for damage to the environment, the cost of resource de
7、pletion.(two) the cost of ecological environment than other enterprisesWith the development of coal production, coal resources are becoming less and less, a large range of surface subsidence, a large amount of coal gangue accumulation, resulting in a large number of cultivated land occupation and de
8、struction, a large number of wastewater emissions, causing deterioration of the surrounding land and air pollution. So the coal enterprise because of damage to the environment and the cost of resources and the protection of resources and the environment to pay the costs of higher compared with other
9、 industries.(three) the cost of ecological environment is on the riseWith the development of society and economy, the environmental problems become more and more prominent at the same time, the environmental consciousness gradually strengthened, environmental protection laws and regulations continue
10、 to improve, this will inevitably lead to the increase of protect the environment of coal enterprises investment and expenditure, resulting in the enterprise environment cost and the amount of content gradually increased. There are coal production activities determine the characteristics of the envi
11、ronmental costs of coal mining increased with age increasing. In addition, in order to realize the sustainable development and the investment cost, and the cost is more and more big.Two, ecological and environmental costs of coal enterprisesThe environmental costs of coal industry has outstanding ch
12、aracteristics, combined with the characteristics of the relationship between the environmental costs of coal and coal production and ecological environment, to classify and the scientific and reasonable calculation of the coal environment costs.(a) resource depletion costResource depletion cost envi
13、ronmental cost is a kind of compensation cost and opportunity cost of unity. Due to the economic activities of enterprises for the development and utilization of natural resources, the natural resources of the reserves gradually reduced, reducing the value of resources is the natural resource deplet
14、ion cost. Resources are valuable, social and economic activities of human use and consumption of natural resources must pay the cost,That is, the amount paid should be greater than or equal to the value of the resource itself. For coal enterprises, environmental resources is not only the basis of po
15、tential production activities, but also is a factor of production, so to carry out the coal production activities is to reduce the structure of system resources and ecological environment changes as the premise. Because the coal enterprise production resource depletion, environmental ecological syst
16、em leads to the state change and others lost use of coal resources and environment and many opportunities, and must be made by the coal enterprises in the value of the compensation for the resource depletion cost.(two) ecological environment damage cost;The inherent value of the ecological environme
17、nt can be directly used and consumed by human beings. On the other hand, the ecological environment system itself provides certain service value to the human survival environment, is the embodiment of the intrinsic value of the natural elements of the human survival environment in natural resources,
18、 namely the functional value of the natural elements of the ecological system, also known as the value of ecological environment. With the development of social civilization and the improvement of economic development level, the value of this value will become more and more important. Coal productio
19、n activities not only occupation and consumption of coal resources, will also cause other ecological destruction of environmental resources, such as coal and associated resources (copper, iron and sulfur, etc.), water resources, land resources destruction, but also caused the ecological environment
20、system of ecological environment value loss. Therefore, the cost of ecological resources destruction and the loss of ecological environment value caused by coal production activities is called the cost of ecological environment damage.(three) environmental protection and pollution prevention costsIn
21、 order to protect and prevent the ecological environment resources from being damaged, and avoid the environmental pollution and the cost of environmental accidents, coal production will inevitably cause resource consumption, environmental pollution and destruction of ecological and environmental re
22、sources. In order to improve the efficiency of the use of resources and reduce the degree of environmental pollution and the destruction of ecological and environmental resources, it is necessary to invest a certain amount of manpower, material and financial resources, which will lead to the cost of
23、 environmental protection and prevention.(four) environmental restoration and governance costs;In order to restore and control the polluted and destroyed ecological environment resources, the cost and expenses are called the environmental restoration and governance costs. In the process of coal prod
24、uction, inevitably discharge waste water, waste rock, resulting in land, air, water and other environmental pollution, inevitably leads to surface subsidence, river diversions, landslides and the destruction of the ecological environment, the need to control environmental pollution, restoration and
25、improvement of the ecological environment is destroyed, so as to meet the needs of economic development living in the society and human life. These costs and expenses must be compensated by environmental costs, which are mainly composed of two parts: governance costs and compensation for damage caus
26、ed by pollution.(five) environmental impact costIn the process of coal production, the wastewater, coal gangue and other waste emissions and reduce damage to crops, farmland quality, seedling and aquatic organisms; due to the formation of goaf, require the relocation of villages, the construction of
27、 Railways and roads, the need for compensation, costs and expenses, known as the environmental impact cost.(six) the cost of renewable natural resourcesTo maintain the sustainable development of the economy, should be based on the overall resource depletion as the premise, so the coal enterprise mus
28、t have to pay a certain amount of manpower and material resources to find and develop new resources instead of coal resources, the investment is the cost of replacing coal and other non renewable resources, the depletion of coal resources, to be discontinued to compensate the value of this part of t
29、he cost is called the cost of natural resource regeneration.(seven) to improve the environment costIn order to improve and beautify the environment in the mining area, the need for tree planting, greening and landscape construction of various facilities; in order to improve the working environment,
30、take measures to reduce dust noise isolation, etc., this part of the cost, known as environmental improvement cost.(eight) the uncertainty of costCost refers to the uncertainty and uncertainties related to the costs of environmental problems. It mainly includes due to environmental pollution caused
31、by the productivity reduce costs and potential environmental liabilities cost etc.Analysis of three factors, the ecological environment influence cost of coal enterprisesThe coal cost of ecological environment is affected by the social, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. It is no
32、t only the micro production activities in the coal enterprise consumption and ecological environment of materialized labor and living labor, and is caused by the production and consumption of coal products, the cost of environmental pollution and ecological environmental resources quality degradatio
33、n cost, coal consumption and cost caused by coal production activities and disaster impact cost, human health loss cost. The main factors affecting the coal ecological environment cost as follows:(a) the level of economic development has increased the cost of ecological environment in coalThe level
34、of economic development impact on the ecological environment of coal cost performance in two aspects: on the one hand, in the coal is the main energy resources under the condition of economic development of the larger, more consumption of coal resources, environmental pollution is more serious, the
35、impact on the ecological environment a greater degree of recovery, improve the ecological environment and governance environmental expenditure is higher, the greater the environmental costs of coal. On the other hand, the more developed economy, namely, the higher the level of economic development,
36、people on the ecological environment quality is higher, more constraints of ecological environmental impact on social production activities, laws and regulations for the protection of the ecological environment is also more perfect, on the exploitation of coal resources will be more and more restric
37、ted. No matter from the society (state) or from the coal enterprises, the ecological environment more investment, the coal environment costs are higher.(two) the progress of science and technology seriously affects the coal ecological environment costThe progress of science and technology impact on
38、the ecological environment the cost of coal enterprises showed two characteristics: on the one hand, with the development of science and technology, continuous emergence of large coal mining, tunneling machine, the caving and caving mining technology, increasing coal production, mining depth is more
39、 and more deep, more and more waste emissions the greater the discarded coal resources more and more, impact and damage to the ecological environment more and more, all these will make the coal environment costs more and more high; on the other hand,The protection technology of coal environmental po
40、llution and washing coal preparation technology are more and more advanced. The development of these technologies will reduce the environmental cost of coal continuously. Generally speaking, with the strengthening of coal enterprises awareness of environmental protection, environmental protection by
41、 focusing on post governance continue to extend to beforehand prevention, and in the continuous progress of science and technology under the condition of the environmental costs of coal is more and more low.(three) the environmental cost of coal increases with the increase of mining periodWith incre
42、asing years of coal mining area, the production activities will continue to expand, the mining depth unceasingly deepening, resulting in the increasing amount of underground drainage, coal gangue and other solid waste emissions continue to increase, the air pollution degree increasing, subsidence ar
43、ea continues to expand, to increase the environmental impact on the surrounding, resulting in coal environmental cost increased with the increasing of exploitation.(four) the supply of coal resources and the structure of energy restrict the cost of coal eco environmentAccording to the research, ther
44、e is a critical value for the resource supply of the environmental system. This value is the self purification capacity of the environmental system. In the range of critical activities, resources supply system is infinite, exceeds the critical value, the supply of resources is limited, and with huma
45、n activities in order to expand the space activities and increasing the supply of resources, environment and less environmental quality degradation, and thus endanger the survival and development of human beings. Therefore, the supply of coal resources and the energy structure have a direct impact o
46、n the environmental cost of coal. The greater the degree of shortage of coal resources in the energy structure of a country, the higher proportion of coal products relative to the value of social and economic development of the greater social restrictions on coal production activities is low, the ch
47、oice of social and economic policy, often at the expense of the value of ecological environment as the price, in exchange for rapid development the production of coal, the coal environmental cost is high.In short, the coal cost of ecological environment has the same properties as environmental costs
48、 in other industries, such as environmental impact cost, environmental protection and prevention cost, at the same time, because of the particularity of coal production so that it has its own characteristics, such as resource depletion cost, then generate the natural resources, and the environmental
49、 costs of coal change and the service life of the. Constitute the environmental costs of coal is complex, only the correct analysis of the ecological environmental costs of coal enterprises, the reasonable recognition and measurement, in order to achieve the sustainable development of coal enterprises, to achieve social, business, environmental win-win purpose.ReferencesLiu Jinping. direct environmental cost assessment