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1、“完形填空”考前指导 武汉市新洲区第三中学胡菊英 曾应发完形填空题是测试话语水平的题型。根据完形填空法的基本理论，在高考NMET的测试中使用完形填空题的主要目的在于考察考生的短文阅读理解能力。完形填空题的创始人威尔逊泰勒（Wilson Taylor）说： “完形填空并不直接涉及特定的意思。它只是反复地从两种语言模式的相似之处取样：一种是写的人表达自己的思想的语言模式，另一种是反映读的人根据自己的理解做出的猜测的语言模式。完形填空所涉及的是一系列与上下文相联系的空白，而不是孤立的空白。” 其基本答题方法可归纳为以下几个方面：1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词
2、有时可能是同义词或反义词。 2. 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 3. 注意同义词的辨义。4. 根据动作的发出者确定所选的词。5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项。6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项。7. 根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项。它成为许多考生感觉十分棘手的大题。如何提高此题型的得分率呢？笔者下面谈几点建议供同学们参考。一、 加强对基础知识的巩固复习。平时学习中，有些学生掌握单词的办法过于简单，仅仅背了几个中文词义，而没有弄清楚单词的准确含义，一旦遇上以“汉语思维干扰”思路设置的干扰项，就很难辨
3、别。因此，在后期仍要加强对词汇的记忆，注重“一词多义”，在文段中辨别近义词汇的差异，多记固定短语和词组搭配，以形成较扎实的语言基础。二、 专项训练必不可少。在老师的指引下，考生可选择一些情节紧凑，哲理性强，逻辑推理严密的文章来练习，注意遵循以下几个步骤：、跳过空格，速读全文，了解大意。切忌看一句选一题！实践证明：在不了解大意的前提下进行的选择往往是“欲速则不达”，因为命题人在一篇短文或某一段中均有目的地挖去一些词语，空白处的绝大多数答案要靠弄懂大意后才能确定正确的或最佳的答案。、细读全文，理清脉络，前后照应。在通读全文的基础上，我们依据文章大意及句子结构，运用逻辑思维进行比较、判断，选出语法、
4、词的搭配及词义上均符合短文具体语境要求的选项。、通读全文，核对文意，一一验证。检查全文，纠正自己认为确有把握的错误选项。对于难度较大的选项，可以凭自己的语感选择，相信自己的第一感觉，不要轻易改动，因为改动答案往往是心血来潮，而非深思熟虑。三、 回头通读做过的完形填空，推敲做题的技巧和方法。做过了的完形填空，可以拿来再次阅读，即用一种赏析的心态，试着去找寻出题人曾留下的“蛛丝马迹”也就是在选择答案时的依据。经常回头诵读那些做过的、题材很好的完形填空，也可以让自己在熟悉的语境中领悟解题技巧，还能克服对这一题型的惧怕心理！最终提高解题的准确性。总之，做完形填空这种题型时，不能急于求成，而要经过一定的
5、训练，掌握一定的答题技巧，才能达到事半功倍的效果。值得一提的是，做题时一定要心平气和，遇到难选的题要戒骄戒躁，权当是一次心理素质的考验！时间久了，你的心理素质一定会增强不少！你的整体成绩也会收益！下面的一篇完型填空，大家动手试试看吧。My first performance in front of an audience was coming up soon.I tried as hard as I could to remain 1 , but my heart was racing. I stared down at my sweat-covered, 2 hands.I looked u
6、p again at the audience, realizing that these were 3 people. They were not just my Mum and dad, who 4 say, “Good job!” even if I messed up (弄乱) the entire piece.What if I had the wrong music? What if I played the wrong notes?As it 5 , I was never able to answer the questions because the spotlight wa
7、s 6 for me. I grasped my hands tightly together, drying off the sweat.Slowly I walked to the mud-brown piano in the 7 of the room. It contained 88 demanding keys, which were waiting impatiently to be played. I swallowed the golf-sized lump(隆起部分) in my throat and sat down. 8 , I opened the music book
8、. Next, I rested my still shaking hands on the ivory (乳白色) keys.As my fingers played across the keys, I was becoming more 9 of my preparation for this moment. But the memory of my years of training came flooding back. I knew that I had 10 this piece so many times that I could play it backwards if 11
9、 .Although at one point I accidentally played two keys instead of the intended one, I continued to move my 12 automatically (自动地) .My eyes burned holes into the page in front of me.There was no 13 that I was going to lose my concentration. To keep this 14 to myself, I leaned forward and focused care
10、fully on the music.15 I came to the end of the page, a warning 16 inside my head : DONT MAKE A MISTAKE WHEN YOU TURN THE PAGE!Needless to say, I 17 myself with all my heart and mind. And , proud of my “page-turning” feat (技艺) I finished the 18 of the piece without making a single mistake.After the f
11、inal note died away, a celebration went into action 19 my head. I had finished . I had mastered the 20 .1. A. unknown B. still C. calm D. quiet2. A. shaking B. moving C. waving D. old3. A. true B. real C. young D. old4. A. will B. can C. could D. would5. A. turned out B. turned up C. turned back D.
12、turned away6. A. looking .B. searching C. expecting D. waiting7. A. corner B. cross C. center D. back8. A. Slowly B. Happily C. Quickly D. Suddenly9. A. sure B. unsure C. certain D. confident10. A. mastered B. appreciated C. heard D. practised11. A. requested B. told C. demanded D .required 12. A. e
13、yes B, fingers C. notes D. sweats13. A. way B. need C. use D. sense14. A. work B. promise C. book D. memory 15. A. Then B. Next C. When D. While16. A. went off B. went out C. went on D. went down 17. A. told B. asked C. obeyed D. refused 18. A. other B. part C. left D. rest 19. A. inside B. outside
14、C. out of D. on20. A. musicalB. pieceC. impossibleD. possibleKeys： 1.选C . calm指内心的“镇静.”2.选A 与第六段结尾处“I rested my still shaking hands”照应3.选B. real people指真正的观众；因为对作者来说，他是第一次面对观众，不免紧张4.选D. will(would)表意愿.5.选A. As it turned out-是固定句型,”结果/终于-“6.选D. wait for sb.等候某人,expect是及物动词，不和for搭配，look for, search fo
15、r, 表“寻找”。7.选C. 钢琴置于房间中央表演.才合常理8.选A. 与这段开头照应.，并且他较紧张，故开启乐谱的动作应该是缓慢的。9.选B. 由于紧张,对自己没有把握.10.选D. 练习这首曲子11.选A. 从语气的角度来选择，request“请求”，较礼貌.12选B. 据常识，弹刚琴主要靠手指13.选A, no way “决不”14.选B. 上文提到作者告诫自己“不要分散精力,实现这个承诺/愿望”15.选C.“come”为短暂性动词，不能与while连用.16.选A. 一个警告声在脑海中响过/闪过17.选C. 作者成功地驾驭了自己，全身心地投入了这场演奏，obey oneself,遵从/服从自己（的想法）18.选D. the rest of the piece剩下的曲子19.选A.“在脑海中”20.选C. the impossible指不可能做到的事情 总而言之，做完形填空的秘诀是：文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。填空多是实意词，四个选项巧设计。词类范畴必同一，确定最佳靠逻辑。字里行间找信息，个别填空借常识。相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆。全文整体看仔细，复读反思再核实。第4页