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1、,Register and Genre Kyky,1.Introduction 2.Register 2.1Definition and social variables 2.2 Characteristics and function 2.3 Register and dialect 2.4 Register switching, mixing and borrowing 2.5 Misuse 2.6 Different views,Contents,3.Genre 3.1 Definition 3.2 Generic structure potential and contents 3.3
2、 Generic structure forms 4. Register and Genre 5. Conclusion,Contents,1. Introduction,Human activities take palce in a certain context. Malinowski: context of situation: the context refers to the relationship between the speech and social environment. (time, place, topic of speech and the occasion o
3、f the speech event and the participants features.) context of culture: the whole cultural background of linguistic activities. 2. Register Definition Register is the funtional variety of language-the type of lanugage which is selected as appropriate to the context of situation.,Three social variable
4、s that determine the register,1. Field of discourse (语场): subject matter (purpose) and setting of the lanugage activity. (what) techinical non-technical 2.Tenor of discourse (语旨): role of relationship (who) personal tenor (个人基调)：intimate, distant functional tenor(功能基调)：didactic, expository, descript
5、ice, persuasive. purpose of the discourse 3. Mode of discourse (语式)：medium/channel (how) spoken, written,Characteristics,1.Classified according to delicacy:scientific English (mathematic English, psychological English) 2. Distances among registers features of meaning E.G.:TV news reporting vs newspa
6、per reporting (similar) mathematic English and poetic English 3.Open register and closed register unconstrained restrictive language alternatives : lack of creativity: daily talk news report,Functions,The basic function : to predict textual structure context textual structure (p276) Stephen: Yea. 17
7、1 38802. Yea. Race 4 at Albion Park please. Ah, two units to win number 8. Two units to win number 11. Ah,.Um.Um 5 um quinella (赌前两名). I think that is the lot thank you. Twenty units. Thank you very much. Handbookinger,predict,Register and dialect,The change of registers is according to use. The cha
8、nge of dialects is according to user. Dialect: geography, history, society and personal factor. geographic dialect: soical dialect: American/British English bureaucratic/schoolboy tone,Register switching/mixing/borrowing,Register switching: from one register to another E.G. a leaders oral speech dra
9、ft changed into news release Register mixing: more than one register in a text (p279) ? Register borrowing: use a register different from the chosen one. E.G., xx教练昨天下课了 二十天真相大白,Question,Code switching is the practice of moving back and forth between two languages, or between two dialects or registe
10、rs of the same language. Also called code-mixing and style shifting. Register switching: speaker talk from one register to another.,The difference between register switching and code-switching?,Misuse of register,Definition: improper use of lanugage varieties in communication-ingore the subject; ide
11、ntification and contents.(p280),Different views,Halliday and Hasan:register, controlled by field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse. Martin: register is the combinatin of them, is in a context of situation genre: in the context of culture.,Register Model,Halliday,3.Genre,Definit
12、ion: a genre is a particular class of speech events which are considered by the speech community as being of the same type, which is classified according to purpose and other criteria. (p285) Bakhtin Simple genre: a type of discourse which can directly reflect context of situation and daily discouse
13、 in real world Complex genre: a type of discourse which is institutionalized and reflect context of situation, such as all kinds of academic writing, poetry, dramma.,Hasan paid attention to 1. Contextual configuration (语境构型)：to realize field/tenor/mode of discourse, to predict structural elements of
14、 texts ,their frequency and orders. 2. Generic structure potential 3. Genre is defined by textual obligatory elements.The text which has same obligatory elements belong to a same genre. Generic structure potential (语类结构潜势Halliday genre is the product of context of culture, and the linguistic schemat
15、ic structure of mode. 2. Genre reflects the context of culture among speakers, register reflects the context of situation, and genre is superior to register. 3.Every text has its own register, and such kind of register surely belong to a certain genre. （p295）,Martin,4. Conclusion,The purpose of using language is to realize certain aims. When using lanugages, we have to take context of situation and culture into consideration. If we ingnore them, we will become Hymes cultural monster.,Thank You! Kyky,Picture slide,Bullet 1 Bullet 2,