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1、Module 3,Module 3 The Violence of Nature,The past perfect passive 过去完成时被动语态,What can you see from the following sentences?,1) By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed. 2) Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.,过去完成时被动语态：动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成, 且谓语动词与发
2、出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。,1.过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构：had been+过去分词。 The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师进来前教室就已经被打扫干净了。 2.过去完成时被动语态的否定结构：had not been+过去词。 The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师进来前教室还没被打扫干净呢。,3. 过去完成时被动语态的疑问句结构: had+主语+been+
3、过去分词。 Had a new school been set up by the end of last year? 去年年底是建了一所新学校吗？,Choose the correct tense and voice to complete each sentence.,1. After the hurricane, Mary _ (see) that the roof of her house _ (disappear). 2. She _ (return) home and _ (find) all her furniture _ (ruin) by the flood.,saw,had
4、 disappeared,returned,found,had been ruined,3. Arthur was surprised when he _ (arrive) home because the tornado _ (take) the feathers off his chickens.,arrived,had taken,4. We _ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _ (finish).,left,had finished,5. He _ (try) to drive back to his home before the f
5、lood _ (pass) through the village.,tried,passed,Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Use the past perfect passive, if necessary.,destroy die fall flood kill,1. After the earthquake, they discovered that several people _. 2. When the hurricane ended, several buildings in the town _.,ha
6、d been killed / had died,had been destroyed / had fallen down,3. His village _ _ in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents house. 4. When she woke up, she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm. 5. Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _ _.,had been flooded /,had been destroyed,had
7、died /,had been destroyed,had been killed,1. - The window is dirty. - I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,D,高考链接,2. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated,D,3
8、. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been,C,4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 2009. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you employed,B,直接引语:直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。(d
9、irect speech) 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。 (indirect speech),仔细观察A、B、C三组句子, 注意总结它们的变化规则。 A. 1. He said, “I lost the bag.” 2. He said that he had lost the bag. B. 1. “Do you want to take part in the sports meeting?” asked the teacher. 2. The teacher asked me if / whether I wanted to take part in the sports meet
10、ing.,C. 1. “When will you go fishing?” Jane asked her father. 2. Jane asked her father when he would go fishing.,【总结归纳】 上面三组句子中的第一句是直接引语, 第二句是间接引语, 它们可以相互转化, 转化后的间接引语常常是宾语从句, 引导词有如下特征：,1) 直接引语为陈述句时, 变为间接引语, 要用that引导的宾语从句。,如： “The storm was extremely violent,” said a local man.,A local man said that
11、the storm had been extremely violent.,2) 直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语, 要用if/whether引导宾语从句, 并将原来 的疑问语序变为陈述语序。,如： The teacher asked, “is everybody here today?”,The teacher asked if everybody was here that day.,3) 直接引语为特殊疑问句, 变为间接引语, 用原来的疑问词引导从句, 并将疑句语序 变为陈述语序。,如： “What shall I do next?” the girl wondered.,The gir
12、l wondered what she should do next.,4) 直接引语为祈使句, 变为间接引语, 一般用以下结构: order/tell/ask sb. (not) to do。,如： The headmaster said, “dont litter the floor with scraps of paper.”,The headmaster told us not to litter the floor with scraps of paper.,5) 直接引语变为间接引语时, 宾语从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要作相应变化。, 人称的变化: 遵循一主、
13、二宾、三不变的原则。即: 直接引语中的第一人称在变成间接引语时, 要和原句中的主语保持一致;,直接引语中的第二人称在变成间接引语时, 要和原句中的宾语保持一致; 直接引语中的第三人称在变成间接引语时, 保持不变。,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去完成时,时态的变化,that,those,then,that day, that night,that week / month , 指示代词/时间状语/地点状语等的变化,the day before,ten days before,the next day/year,there,go,take,1. 当直接引语强调的是
14、客观事实或真理, 变为间接引语时, 从句中的时态不变。如： Mr. Wang said, “The earth travels around the sun.” Mr. Wang said (that) the earth travels around the sun.,【温馨提示】,2. 当直接引语中有表示过去的具体的时 间状语时, 变为间接引语时, 从句中 的谓语时态可以不变。如： She said, “I was born in 1995.” She said (that) she was born in 1995. 另外, 如果在当地或者当天转述, 时间状语、地点状语、动词需不需要发生
15、变化, 这要看当时的语境来确定。,I. Fill in the blanks according the sentences. 1. Linda said, “Im meeting David for dinner.” Linda said (that) she _ _ David for dinner. 2. Bill said, “I forgot to pay my electricity bill.” Bill said (that) he _ _ to pay his electricity bill.,was meeting,forgot to,Exercises,3. I ask
16、ed Jack, “Do you know the callers name?” I asked Jack _ _ _ _ _ _. 4. The teacher asked him, “Why were you late yesterday?” The teacher asked him _ _ _ _ _ _ _.,whether he knew the callers name,why he was,late the day before,5. “Dont make so much noise, boys,” the teacher said. The teacher told the
17、boys _ _ _ so much noise.,not to make,Volcanic eruption dont happen very often on the island. A scientist said that _ _ _.,II. Rewrite the sentences using the reporting expressions.,volcanic eruptions didnt happen very often on the island,2. No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption. A l
18、ocal journalist said that _ _ _.,no one was / had been on the island during the volcanic eruptions,3. The thunderstorm will put out the fires. Local people said that _ _.,the thunderstorm would put out the fires,4. The residents can go back to their homes. The governor said that _ _. 5. Several erup
19、tions have taken place in the last twenty years. A local radio station said that _ _ _.,the residents could go back to their homes,several eruptions had taken place in the previous twenty years,6. The residents will travel back to the island when the danger is over. A local journalist said that _ _ _.,the residents would travel back to the island when the danger was over,1. Remember the rules in the lesson. 2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.,