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1、句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型,句子成分的构成,句子的主干成分：,主语、谓语、宾语、表语,句子的次要成分：,定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语,主语,1. 主语是谓语讲述的对象。 2. 表示所说的“是什麽”，“是谁”， 3. 一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 4. 它在句首。 We study in No. 7 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. To teach them English is my job. Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.,谓语,1. 说明主语
2、“做什麽”，“是什麽”，或“怎麽样”。 2. 必须用动词。 3. 和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致（主谓一致）。 4. 在主语后面。 His parents are doctors. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English.,表语,1. 说明主语“怎麽样”，或“是什麽” 。 2. 位于在be动词, 系动词后面。 You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is t
3、o teach them English. They are at home now.,系动词（必背）,be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) 感官动词 become / turn / get / grow / 变得,宾语,1. 是动作，行为的对象。 2. 由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语来担任。 3. 它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。 4. 在谓语(及物动词后，)之后。分为直接宾语和间接宾语。 She is playin
4、g the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.,及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now.,不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile
5、/ look / listen / She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.,定语,用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用， The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in th
6、e room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.,状语,1. 修饰动词，形容词或副词, 状语类似于副词 。 2. 一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度等意义。 3. 一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.,简单句的五种基本类型,简单句的五种句型,1）SV 主语谓语,eg.
7、 The telephone rang. His father might have died.,2) SVP 主语谓语表语,eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.,3) SVO 主语谓语宾语,eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.,简单句的五种句型,4）SVOiOd 主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语,eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.,5) SVOC 主语谓语宾语补语,eg. They called
8、him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.,*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到 谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还 有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。,基本句型1 + （主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型2 + + （主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做连系动词。,基本句型3 + + （主谓宾）
9、此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型4 + +IO + （主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 She lent me a book. -She lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike. -He bought a new bike for me.,基本句型5 + + + （主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是
10、：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,主谓间宾直宾 interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest,实际应用I,8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. (04上海) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized
11、; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing,实际应用I,9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt,实际应用I,10. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. (04上海) A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known,