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1、中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结1 . cost / take / spend / pay 花费花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth .= sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money . spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。 spent 还可以指“度过” H
2、ow did you spend your weekend ？The sweater _ me 90 yuan . = I _ 90 yuan for the sweater.=I _ 90 yuan on the sweater .He spent lots of money _ the mobile phone .It _ her 20 minutes to go home every day . = He _ 20 minutes _ home every day .2 . thanks for为而感谢 _ inviting me to your birthday party .than
3、ks to 多亏/由于_ your help .I got good grades .3 . 感叹句 ：多么 what + 名词how + 形容词 / 副词 _ bad weather ！ _ hard he works ！_ fresh vegetables ！ _ cute a monkey it is ！4 . 因为、由于 ： because（ 连词 ） +从句： （ 表示原因 ）because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to I didnt go to school _ I had a headache .He was late for class _ th
4、e bad weather .He cant come _ he is ill .Many people have a cold _ the cold weather .because和 so不能同时连用 。5 . 来自 ： be from = come from Where are you from ？ = Where _ you _ _ ？ He is from Tibet. = He _ _ Tibet.6 .How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） 回答用表示频率的副词或短语How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） 回答用表示一段时间的状语How soon 对将来时间提问 （
5、 多久 ） 回答用 in+时间段How far 询问多长距离（多长）- _ have you been collecting the kites ？ -For ten years.- _ do you go shopping ？ -Sometimes. - _ will your father come back ？ - In two years.- _ do you exercise ？ - Once a week.- _ is it from your home to school ？ - About ten miles.- _ are you staying there ？ - Two
6、weeks.7 . 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane. He takes a bus to bank 。= He goes to bank by bus 。 = He goes to bank on a bus . I walk to school . = I go to school _ . 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride ones bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one
7、s car8 . 对不起 ： Excuse me （劳驾，客套话 ）Sorry （ 表示道歉 ） _ .Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ？Would you mind cleaning your room ？ - _ . Ill do it right away.- Dont eat in class 。 - _ 。 Ms Clark . _ ， is this the way to the station ？9 . 声音 ： sound （ 自然界各种声音 ）noise（噪音）voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）Lucy has a sweet _ . That
8、 _ like a good idea.Dont make _ . The baby is sleeping.10 .look like （外貌看起来像 ）be like （ 性格像 ） Lily _ _ Lucy 。 Oh ， they are twins. Tony _ _ a monkey because he is cute and playful .11 . take to 带去bringto 带来fetch 没有方向性（强调来回） Tony 。 _ the ball here 。Please. My father often _ me _ concerts on Sundays.
9、_ your homework _ school tomorrow.12. 一些 ： some 用于肯定句any 用于否定句和疑问句 Id like _ milk. Would you like _ yogurt ？_ Thanks . I dont want _ . 在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some。13. 多少 ： How many修饰可数名词复数How much 修饰不可数名词 _ juice do you want ？ _ apples do you want ？- _is the T-shirt ？ Its 30 yuan 。 How
10、much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ？14. 看 ：see 强调看的结果look （ at ） 不及物动词，强调看的动作watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志Dont_ in bed. We will _ a basketball game this evening. Please _ the blackboard. Everyone. I _ a bird in the tree yesterday.On Saturday night. I saw an interesting talk show.On Sa
11、turday evening. several kids watched a movie. watch a movie =go to a movie15. stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop talking stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 The girl soon stopped _ （cry ）. He was tired and stopped _ （have ） a rest.16. forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：forget / remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事） He forgot
12、 to turn off the light.（没有做关灯的动作） Remember to go to the post office after school.orget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事） He forgot turningoff the light 。（已做过关灯的动作） Dont you remember seeing the man before ？17. 到达 reach + 地点get to + 地点 reach = get toarrive + in + 大地点arri
13、ve + at + 小地点 He reached London yesterday . = He _ to London yesterday . = He _ in London yesterday. She arrived _ the bus station just now . You should _ （ get ） home on time. 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to18. 擅长，在方面做得好 ： be good at = do well in She is good at chemis
14、try . = She _ _ _ chemistry. Niuniu is good at _ the violin. = Niuniu _ well in _ the violin. Lucy and Lily are twin girls . Lucy is better _ dancing than Lily , but Lily _ _ in singing than Lucy.19. win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prizebeat（ 打败、战胜 ）接运动员、球队、对手等。 Which team _ the football match ？
15、Wang Hao _ Ma Lin and _ the champion of the Mens Singles.20. 借 borrow sth. from sb = borrow sb. sth 向某人借某物 borrow借入lend sth. to sb = lend sb. sth把某物借给某人 lend 借出keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。 Can you lend me your bike ？ = Can you _ your bike _ me ？ You can borrow some money _ your brother. = You can borrow your
16、brother _ _. - How long can I _ the book ？- You can _ it for two weeks. 类似用法的还有：buy have put on wear become beleave be away from open be open begin be ondie be dead return be back become He has _ a doctor.He has _ a doctor for 10 years. begin The film has _.he film has _ for ten minutes.21.能，会。be ab
17、le to,can 情态动词后面都接动词原形。 We should _ able to finish the work tomorrow. I can _ （play） the guitar 。 He _ able to play chess.22. too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数 I have too many rules in my house.too much 太多 修饰不可数名词 Maybe you have too much yin.much too太 后跟形容词或副词原级 This coat is much too expensive. Eating _ _ is bad
18、 for your health. Its _ _cold today. Youd better not go out.There are_ _ students in the hallways. Its dangerous.23. have / has been to 去过某地 He has been to Beijing. （现在不在北京）have / has gone to 去了某地 He has gone to Beijing. （现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中）have/hasbeen in / at在某地I have ever _ _ America twice. He has
19、_ _ Beijing for ten years. Where is your brother ？- He_ _ to Hainan. _ you ever _ _ Disneyland ？24. used to do sth.过去常做某事 This river used to be very clean .be（get）used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 Im not used to getting up early.be used to do sth = be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事 Pens are used for writing. Xia
20、oGang _ _ _ afraid of the dark. Thebroom is _ _ clean the room. = The broom is _ _ cleaning the room. He _ _ _ living countryside 。There is fresh air and sweet well. Wood _ _ _ making paper.25. belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于）be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是）It must _ Nings .= It must _ Ning. The pencil must be
21、_ （my） . = The pencil must belong to _ （my）. This ball _ to me .= This ball is _.26. cant 不可能 0表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50 80must 肯定、一定 100 The CD _ belong to Tony . because he likes listening to music. The notebook _ be mine . It has my name on it. The toy _ be my grandpa . After all .He is an old
22、 man .27. be made from （由制成）看不出原材料be made of （由制成）看得出原材料 The table _ _ _ wood. Paper _ _ _ wood.28. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事prefer sth 。 to sth 。 喜欢而不喜欢prefer doing sth 。 to doing sth 。 喜欢做而不喜欢做 I prefer _ （swim） to _ （play） balls. He _ fish to beef. I prefer to _ （walk） to work.29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ：
23、ed 修饰人ing 修饰物 I want to go somewhere _ （relaxing/relaxed）. She is _ in this _ history story .（interesting/interested ） interesting（有趣的） interested（感兴趣的） tiring（累人的） tired（累的，疲倦的）boring （令人无聊的） bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的） excited（激动的）surprising（令人惊讶的） surprised（惊讶的）relaxing（令人放松的） relaxed（放松的）embarrass
24、ing （令人尴尬的；令人为难的） embarrassed （尴尬的；为难的）30. the number of + 名词复数（的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many The number of students in our class_ 80. _ number of students are in Helin Middle School.31. for + 一段时间since + 时间点/过去时的句子 We have been studying English _ three years. He has been staying h
25、ere _ he was five years old . We havent seen each other _ ten years ago. for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years . = Jenny has been collecting coins since several years _.32. 除之外 except （不包括在内） Everyone could answer this question except Jim .besides （包括在内）There are thre
26、e girls besides me. We all passed the exam _ Li Yang. Many other students like basketball _ Guo Xiaojun.33. already 用于肯定句中（已经）yet 用于疑问句末（已经）用于否定句末（还） Have you seen the film _ ？ I havent locked the door _. Mom has _ watered the flowers.34. 否定祈使句 Dont + v.No + v.ing / n. Dont smoke here. = _ _ here. D
27、ont take photos. = _ _.35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末Do you play soccer every day ， too ？either 放否定句末also 放肯定句中 also放在实意动词前，be之后. She is a girl. I am a girl ,_ . He _ likes collecting things . Lily doesnt like junk food . Her good friend doesnt like it,_. - I like soap operas, I do ， _. - I cant watch TV on s
28、chool nights, I cant ， _.36. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格Miss Zhang _ _ _ her work and she _ _ _ her students.37. 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人need doing sth 主语是物 The classroom _ cleaning. Its too dirty. Children _ to sleep a lot. Its very hot and dry. You need _（wear）cool clothes
29、 and the flowers need _ （water).38. through 介词： 从内部穿过 （park）across 介词：从表面穿过cross 动词（road, street,bridge） Be careful when you _ the street. The manwent_ the forest. The train goes _ the tunnel（隧道).He swam _ the river. We drove _ the desert （沙漠）. Take a walk _ the park on Center Avenue.39. Why dont yo
30、u do sth = Why not do sth.提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth.Lets do sth. Why dont you have a cup of tea ？ = _ _ have a cup of tea ？ Lets _ （go） out for a walk . How about _ （practice） conversations ？40. So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义（也是如此）Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义（也不） 它们都属于倒装句。 My mother didnt go to scho
31、ol. _ _ my father. James comes from theUSA . _ _ Tom. My pen pal can speak Japanese. _ _ I. = Me _. My sister isnt outgoing. _ _ I. = Me _.41. both 两者都all三者或三者以上都 The twins _ are good students. There are lots of colorful flowers on _ sides of the streets. There are five people in my family. We _ lik
32、e playing sports. My parents _ love us. We are very happy.42. alone 单独，独自一人 He is alone at home.lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 He lives a lonely life in the country. Sometimes he feels quite _ because he has no friends. She lives _ in that large house.43 in the tree 外来的I saw a cat in the tree.on the tree 长
33、在树上的There are many apples on the tree. How many monkeys can you see _ the tree ？ There are a lot of bananas_ the tree.44. in the wall 指在墙体内on the wall 指在墙体表面 There is a map _ the wall. There is a door _ the wall.45. on the bed 指物品在床上My bag is on the bed.in bed 指人躺在床上Lily is ill in bed. There is a ja
34、cket _. I have to be _ by ten oclock.46. 引导结果状语从句：so和such（如此以至于）so是副词，后接adj和adv 。句型：so+adj/adv+that从句He worked so hard that he got the first prize.so+adj+a（n）+n.+that从句 = such+a（n）+adj+n。+that从句That was so interesting a story that I read it twice. = That was such an interesting story that I read it
35、twice.such是形容词，后接n.句型：such+a（n）+adj+n.+that从句He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him.such+pl./不可数n+that从句It is such good weather that we can go swimming. He runs _fast _ we cancatch him . Lili is _a kind girl _we all love her. Tom is _ a clever boy that he can answer the que
36、stion.= Tom is _ clever a boy that he can answer the question. The box is _ heavy _ I cant carry it. 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用sothat 。sothat句型的否定形式可用简单句tooto或notenough to代替。如：He is so young that he cant go to school.= He is too young to go to school.= He is not old enough to go to sch
37、ool.47. 引导时间状语从句 ：when + 延续性/短暂性动词When I was watching TV ， he came in. = When he came in ， I was watching TV.while+延续性动词（多用进行时）While I was in Shanghai ，I visited him . _ he was sleeping . Someone knocked at the door .= He was sleeping _ someone knocked at the door. _ the boy heard his mothers voice
38、， he stopped crying. My mother was cooking _ I was doing my homework.48. at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换.I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football _ _ _ five.49. instead 放句首、句末instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than I will go to see her _ you . He doesnt like be
39、er. give him coke _. We often sing English song _ reading aloud.50. be famous as （作为而知名） as + 职业/身份/地位Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl.be famous for （以而著名） for + 出名的原因Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. Li Bai is famous _ a poet. Jackie Chan ia famous _ his action movies. France ia famous _its
40、fine food and wine.51. 看起来像是似乎/好像 （sb/sth） seems to do sthIt seems that +从句 It _ _ he feels very sad. = He _ _ _ very sad. She seems to want to have a drink. = _ _ that she _ to have a drink.52. “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 I will show you where you should go . = I will show you _ _ _. Idont know what t
41、o do . = I dont know what _ . A should I do B I should do Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ？= Could you tell me how _ _ _ Summer Palace ？ 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me _ _ _ _ （天气如何）in Chongqi ？53. 问题/难题 question 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用.problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，
42、多与solve / work out 搭配. Please answer my _ in English. I cant work out this maths _. This is a difficult _ to answer.54. family家/家庭（强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关）My family are kind people.home 家（指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩）Welcome to my home.house 房子/住宅（居住的建筑物）They moved to their new house last year. How many people are there in your _？ I want to save money and buy a big _. I love Chengdu ， I looked Chengdu as my