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1、（一）人称代词一、概念人称代词是表示我、你、他 /她 /它、我们、你们和（他 /她 /它）们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化 .二、人称代词的用法1一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。 （ I 是主语）You are 11 years old. 你 11 岁了。（You 是主语）He is my friend.他是我的朋友。 （ He 是主语）It is hot today. 今天天气热。 （ It 是主语）2宾格作宾语， 通常放在动词， 如：let, like, help,give,ask 等的后面； 或介词， 如：for, to
2、, of,at 等的后面。Can you help me ？你能帮我吗？（me 是宾语）The cake is for you.这个蛋糕是给你的。 （ you 是宾语）3作表语（用主格，口语中常用宾格）Who is that ？ Its me（ I）. 是谁啊？是我。三、注意1人称代词I 无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。2人称代词she 除了指女性“她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。如： I love my country. She is great.The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright.四、 It 的特殊用法1一般情况下，
3、it 表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。Where is your car ？ It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。2但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it 来代替，此时的it ，并不译为“它” 。1）指天气:It is sunny today.今天阳光灿烂。2）指气候:Its cold in this room.这个房间很冷。3）指时间:What time is it？ Its six thirty.几点了？六点半了。4）指距离 :How far is it from here to the park从这儿到公园有多远？Its about t
4、wo miles.大约是二英里。五、人称的习惯顺序：如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用？and，or连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：you， he，and I复数： we， you， and they但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的人把Who broke the window ？谁打碎了玻璃？I and Li Ming.I 放在第一位。我和李明 .（二）物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化。通过观察上表，我们发现，除了my 的名词性物主代词是mine, his 和its的名词性和形容词性相同
5、外，其他的名词性物主代词都是在对应的形容词性物主代词后面加“ s”变成的。形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词， 表示是属于谁的东西。 名词性物主代词等于对应的形容词性物主代词加一个名词。如：This is her book. = This book is hers.Are these your pens? = Are these pens yours?（三）替代词替代词用来替代前面已经提到过的人或事物，来避免重复这一名词。最典型的替代词有和 ones。 one 用来替代表示单数的人或事，ones 用来替代表示复数的人或事物。如： There is a post office near my home
6、. There is one near our school, too.(one = post office)one词类 英语名称意 义 例 词名词 The Noun ( 缩写为 n) 表示人或事物的名称Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train冠词 The Article (art) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a, an, the代词 The Pronoun (pron)用来代替名词、形容词或数词They, his, him, mine, which, all形容词 The Adjective(adj)用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征Long, emp
7、ty, heavy,different, cheap, hungry数词 The Numeral (num)表示数量或顺序 Three, thirteen, twenty, second动词 The Verb (v)表示动作或状态 Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing副词 TheAdverb(adv) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词Quickly,early, out, soon, then,sometimes介词 ThePreposition (prep)表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系From, with, at, into,behind, between
8、, for连词 The Conjunction (conj)用来连接词与词、 短语与短语或句与句And, or, but, so, because感叹词 The Interjection(interj) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感Oh, hey, ouch, well, there,dear下面是一些比较典型的“陷阱”题目，请大家做做看：1. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to improve C. improving
9、 D. to improving2. Everything he -away from him before he returned to his hometown.3. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he -English. A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn4. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _your house. A. found B. finding C. to find
10、D. for finding5. The person we spoke to _no answer at first 6.The person we referred to （提及） _us a report tomorrow A giving B will give C gave D give7.The days we have been looking forward to （） soonA coming B will come C came Dhave come8.The person we talked about （） our school last week A visiting
11、 B will visit C visited D has visited9.The man whose songs we are fond of （） in our city next week A singing B to sing C will sing D sang10. Not only _the jewelry she（） been sold for her sons gambling debts but also her houseA is； has B has； had C has； has D； has11. _in thought, he almost ran into t
12、he car in front of him. (NMET96)A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose12.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. （ NMET2002 ）初中英语重要句型as soon asas as as as possibleask sb. for sth.ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth.ask/tell sb. not to do sth.be afraid of doing sth./ t
13、hat初中英 重要句型8. be busy doing sth.9. be famous/ late/ ready/ sorry for10. be glad that11. buy/ give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell sth to sb.12.buy/ give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/tell sb. sth.初中英 重要句型13. either or 14.enjoy/ hate/ like/ finish/ stop/ mind/ keep/go on doing sth.15. find it+a
14、dj.to do sth. 16.get +比 17. get ready for/ get sth. ready18. had better (not) do sth.初中英 重要句型19. help sb. (to) do / help sb. with20. I dont think that21. I would like to/ Would you like to.22. is one of the + 最高 +名 复数23. It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.24. It is a good idea to do sth.25. It is the sec
15、ond + 最高 +名 初中英 重要句型26.It looks like / It sounds like27.It seems to sb. that28. It sounds +adj./ It looks+adj.29. It takes sb. some time to do sth.30. Its bad/ good for31. Its time for / to do sth.32. Its two meters(years)long (high, old)初中英 重要句型33. keep sb. doing sth.34. like to do / like doing sth
16、35. keep/ make sth. +adj.36. make / let sb. (not) do sth.37. neither nor 38. not at all39. not until 初中英 重要句型40. One the other / Some .others41. prefer to 42. see/hear sb. do(doing) sth.43. so that 44. spend on/ (in) doing sth.45. stop to do/ stop doing sth.46. such a (an)+adj. +n. that初中英 重要句型47. t
17、ake/bring sth. with sb.48. thank sb. for sth.49.The more the more50.There is something wrong with51. too to 52. used to53.What about/ How about初中英 重要句型54.Whats the matter with55.Whats wrong with 56.Why not57.Will( Would, Could) you please初中英语八种时态归纳复习1.一般 在 :主 +do/does( 在分 ) We clean the room every d
18、ay.一般 在 ： do(nt)/does(nt)2.一般 去 :主 +did We cleaned the room just now.一般 去式： did(nt)+V .原3. 在 行 :主 +am/is/are doing We are cleaning the room now. 在 行 ： am(not)/is(nt)/are(nt)+V .ing4. 去 行 :was/were doing .We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 去 行 ： was(nt)/were(nt)+V .ing5. 在完成 : hav
19、e/has done We have cleaned the room already. 在完成 ： have(nt)/has(nt)+ 去分 （ p.p.)6. 去完成 : had done We had cleaned the room before he arrived.过去完成时： had+p.p.7.一般将来时 : will do/ We will clean the room tomorrow.一般将来时： will(not)+V .ing / is(nt)/are(nt)+going to +V .原8.过去将来时 : was/were to /would do He said
20、he would clean the room next 过去将来时： would(nt) / was(nt)/were(nt)+V .原动词不定式： to+V .ing一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语： often，usually ，always， sometimes，every week（ day， year，month），once aweek， on Sundays， etc基本结构： be 动词；行为动词否定形式： am is are not；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为
21、动词。一般疑问句：把be 动词放于句首；用助动词do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语： ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday， last week（ year，night ，month）， in1989， just now ， at the age of 5， one day，long long ago ， once upon a time， etc基本结构： be 动词；行为动词否定形式：was were not；在行为动词前加
22、didnt ，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was 或 were 放在句首；用助动词do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语： now ，at this time ， these days， etc基本结构： am is are doing否定形式： am is are notdoing一般疑问句：把be 动词放在句首四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语： at this time yesterday ，at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去
23、时的时间状语等。基本结构： was were doing否定形式： was were not doing一般疑问句：把was 或 were 放在句首五、现在完成时：概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语： recently， lately ， since，for ， in the past few years， etc基本结构： have has done否定形式： have has notdone一般疑问句： have has 放于句首六、过去完成时：概念： 以 去某一 准， 在此以前 生的 作或行 ， 或在 去某 作之前完
24、成的行 ，即“ 去的 去” 。 状 ： before，by the end of last year （ term， month ）， etc基本 构： had done否定形式： had not done一般疑 句： had 放于句首七、一般将来 ：概念：表示将要 生的 作或存在的状 及打算、 划或准 做某事。 状 ： tomorrow ，next day（week，month， year）， soon， in a few minutes ，by，the day after tomorrow ， etc基本 构： am isaregoing to do； will shall do否定形式：
25、 am isare not going to do； will shall not do 一般疑 句： be 放于句首； will shall 提到句首八、 去将来 ：概念：立足于 去某一 刻，从 去看将来，常用于 从句中。 状 ： the next day（ morning ，year）， the following month （ week）， etc基本 构： was were going to do；would should do否定形式： was were not going to do； would should not do 一般疑 句： was 或 were 放于句首； wou
26、ld should 提到句首句型 (一)such+名 性 +thatSo+形容 /副 +that 如此以致例如： (1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一个好老 ，我 都 她。(2)It was such a hot day that they didn t go out for a walk as usual. 么 的天气，他 没有像往常一 去散步。注意点：1.such+a+形容 +名 +that，可以改写成： so+形容 +a+名 +that ，例句 (1)可以改写成：She is so good a teacher t
27、hat we all love her.2.在such+形容 +名 复数或不可数名 +that 构中，形容 如果是many/few或much/little ，用 so 不用 such，即： so+many/few+ 可数名 复数 +that， so+much/little+ 不可数名 +that(1)There are so many people in the room that I can t get in. 房 里人太多，我 不去。(2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有 ，他能 一 小汽 。句型 (二 )There
28、be， either or， neithernor， not only but also例如：(1)There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box. 他的 笔盒里有一支 笔和两支 笔。(2)Not only you but also I have been to the Great Wall. 你和我都没有去 (3)Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai. 要么你去上海，要么我去上海。(4)Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不 。(5)Both Jack and Tim a
29、re English.Jack 和 Tim 是英国人。 城。注意点：当 几个句型 接主 ， 的人称和数要考 “就近原 ”， 比both and 来 ， both and 接主 复数。句型 (三 )Enough+名 +to do 有足 的做某事形容 /副 +enough+to do 足 做某事例如：(1)There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting. 有足 的地方容下 些人开会。(2)The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 个男孩力气 大，能搬 只箱子。注意点：enough 做副 修 形容 或副 ，放在所修 的后面，句子可以用so that句型改写。例句 (2) 可以改写 ： The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box. 个男孩力气很大，能搬 只箱子。句型 (四 )too+形容 /副 +to do 太以致不能例如： (1)I was too excited to say a word. 我激 得一个字也 不出