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1、Halls Culture Context Model,High-context,Low-context,Edward Hallthe father of intercultural communication,originated the concepts High-context and low-context communication refers to how much speakers rely on things other than words to convey meaning.,High-context,much information is imlied inclues
2、the situation or surrounding circumstances, relationships of the communicators, their family background, title, age , sex, education, status, social networks little provided in the verbal message itself,Low-context,the majority of the information is contained in the verbal code the message is stated
3、 clearly and explicitly without depending on the context of the communication,Communication Styles,Background information Face Concerns Nonverbal codes（不用语言的）,Most of the information is either in the physical context or initialized in the person.,The mass of information is vested in the explicit cod
4、e.,Dense, intersecting networks, long-term relationships, strong boundaries, relationship more important than task .,Loose, wide networks, shorter term, compartmentalized relationships, task more important than relationship.,High-context culture,Low-context culture,VS,The Structure of Relationships,
5、VS,Implicit, complicated patterns, hard to explain,Explicit, consciously organized,Main Type of Cultural Knowledge,Relationships depend on trust, build up slowly, and are stable.,Relationships begin and end quickly. Many people can be inside ones circle; circles boundary is not clear.,Things get don
6、e by relationships with people and attention to group process.,Things get done by following procedures and paying attention to the goal.,Ones identity is rooted in groups (family, culture, work).,Ones identity is rooted in oneself and ones accomplishments. Social structure is decentralized（分散）own,Hi
7、gh use of nonverbal elements; voice tone, facial expression, gestures, and eye movement carry significant parts of conversation.,Message is carried more by words than by nonverbal means.,Verbal message is indirect; one talks around the point.,Verbal message is direct; one spells things out exactly.,
8、Communication is seen as a way of exchanging information, ideas, and opinions.,Communication is seen as an art form -a way of engaging someone.,Disagreement is personalized（个人化）. (One is sensitive to conflict with another. Conflict must be solved or avoided before work. ),Disagreement is depersonali
9、zed. (One withdraws from conflict with another and gets on with the task. Focus is on rational solutions, not personal ones. ),In-groups and Out-groups,In high- context culture,Out-groups,In-groups,Clear distinction,Intimate friends generally,Casual acquaintances generally,In low-context cultures,In
10、-groups,Out-groups,not clear-cut,Changes rapidly,The commitment is strong and deep Loyalty to families and friends Share a lot of unspoken rules in communication,The extent of involvement and commitment is low The bonds between people are quite fragile To be explicit and articulate is emphasized in
11、communication,In high-context cultures,In low-context cultures,Orientation to Time,In high-context cultures Time is viewed as more open and less structured.,Immediate needs,Time constraints,It is okay to late for 5 to 10 minutes,In low-context cultures Time is highly organized and carefully scheduled.,Immediate needs,Time constraints,Im sorry Im late,Punctual,Thank you！,