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1、高一英语必修三unit 3 语法名词性从句：宾语从句和表语从句名词性从句的定义1、名词：2、名词在句子当中一般充当的成分：3、名词性从句： 在复合句中起 _作用的从句叫做 名词性从句 。名词性从句的作用相当于_，因此 _、_ 、 _和_从句分别作主句的 主语、表语、宾语和同位语 。观察下列从 Reading 中选取的句子，思考句中黑体词引导什么从句 It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does notknow what he should do. May we ask what youre
2、doing in this country andwhat your plans are? I can t saythat I have any plans. I m afraid(that)I don tquite follow you, sir. I don t think(that) its very funny. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, whichaccounts for my appearance. That whys we have given you the letter
3、.【自我总结】 为_从句， 、为_从句一、宾语从句1、定义： 在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2、类别1） _的宾语从句 :I heard that he would come here later on.2） _的宾语从句 :He said nothing about who broke the window last night.3） _的宾语从句这类形容词或过去分词有 sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词 that 可省略。 I am not sure what I ough
4、t to do. Im surprised that I didnt see all that before. Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.3、句子结构：主句+连词 (引导词 )+ 宾语从句She asked if these answers were right.We can learn what we do not know.4、宾语从句的引导词第 1页(1) 从属连词 that He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 I know（ that）he has
5、returned我.知道他已经回来了。（此处that 可省略）分析：从句中 _(缺/不缺 )句子成分， _（有 /无）实际意义，只起连接作用，所以填that(2)从属连词 if/whether。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。分析：从句中 _(缺/不缺 )句子成分，意为 _,只起连接作用，所以填if/ whetherwhether 与 if 引导宾语从句的区别情况whetherif从句置于句首时从句作介词的宾语时从句作 discuss, doubt（ doubt 用于肯定结
6、构时）等动词的宾语时与 or not 或动词不定式直接连用时用 if 容易产生歧义时从句为否定句时操练：用 if/whether 填空。 _ she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。 Im interested in _ he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 Let me know _ or not he will come. 让我知道他是否能来。 He hasnt decided _ to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 _ this is true or not， I ca
7、nt say这是否真的我说不上来。 People doubt _ he is a thief.人们怀疑他是否是小偷。 He asked _ I didn t come to school yesterday他问我.昨天是否没来学校。注意： Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：If you like the book， please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我(3)连接代词 who, what, whom, whose, whichDo you know who has won the game？你知道是谁赢得这场游戏么？
8、分析：从句中缺 _语，指代 _（人 / 物），意为 _, 所以填 who I wonder what hes writing to me about我.不知道他要给我写信说什么事。分析：从句中缺 _语，指代 _（人 / 物），意为 _, 所以填 what They asked mewhom we were talking with.分析：从句中缺 _语，指代 _（人 / 物），意为 _, 所以填 whomCan you tell me whosemother this is ？分析：从句中缺 _语，指代（人 / 物），意为 _, 所以填 whose第 2页 Do you know whoseb
9、ag that is ?分析：从句中缺 _语，指代（人 / 物），意为 _, 所以填 whose I want to know which book you like to read best of the three.分析：从句中缺 _语，指代（人 / 物），意为 _, 所以填 which（ 4）连接副词 when ,where, why, how He didn t tell mewhen we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。分析：从句中缺 _语，意为 _, 所以填 when None of us knows where these new part
10、s can be bought.分析：从句中缺 _语，意为 _, 所以填 where I ll tell youwhy I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。分析：从句中缺 _语，意为 _, 所以填 why Could you please tell mehow you use the new panel.分析：从句中缺 _语，意为 _, 所以填 how4、引导词用法小结类别引导词用法从属连词that只起连接作用，不作句子成分，无实际意义if, whether只起连接作用，不作句子成分，意为“是否 ”who在从句中作 主语，意为 “谁 ”，指人what在从句中作
11、主语 /宾语 /表语，意为 “什么 ”，指物连接代词在从句中作 宾语，意为 “谁 ”，指人whomwhose在从句中作 定语，意为 “谁的 ”，指人 /物which在从句中作 定语，意为 “哪一个 ”，指人 /物when在从句中作 时间状语 ，意为 “什么时候 ”连接副词where在从句中作 地点状语 ，意为 “在哪里 ”why在从句中作 原因状语 ，意为 “为什么 ”how在从句中作 方式状语 ，意为 “怎样 ”4、时态1. 主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定I know that he lives here.I know that he lived here ten
12、years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.第 3页2. 如果主句是过去的时态 （一般过去时， 过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时 （一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）I knew who lived here.I saw that she was talking with her mother.He said that his father had gone to Beijing.3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。He told the boy that three a
13、nd three is six.He told me that the earth moves around the sun.5、注意事项1）从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that 不可省略 。He phoned us to tell (that) it was time for us to set off andthat he would wait for us at the first crossing. (第一个 that 可省略，第二个 that 不可省略 )2）在 insist，demand，order， suggest, propose, advise, desire等表示坚持、命
14、令、建议等意义的动词后， that 宾语从句中谓语常用 “(should)+动词原形 ”，表示虚拟。Wangwei insisted that she(should) organizethe trip well.3）动词 +it + 形容词或惯用搭配 +that 从句，it 为形式宾语 ，that 从句为真正的宾语。I think it necessarythat we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。4）动词 doubt 用于否定结构或疑问结构 时，宾语从句的引导词用that。5）否定前移： 主句为第一人称，主语谓语为 t
15、hink, believe, imagine, suppose和 expect 等动词，后面的否定性宾语从句，要把主句的动词变为否定式。I don t believeyou are a liar.二、表语从句1、概念： 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句。2、句子结构 ：放在系动词之后 ,一般结构是 “主语 +系动词 +表语从句 ”3、可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。常见的系动词的三种类型：A 表示特征和状态：be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear等B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态 :get, become,
16、 grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等C表示某种状态的： remain, keep, prove, continue, stay等4、引导词类别引导词用法从属连词that只起连接作用，不作句子成分，无实际意义whether只起连接作用， 不作句子成分，意为 “是否 ”不能用 if 替换第 4页连接代词who, what，whom,用法与宾语从句的一样whose， which 等连接副词when, where, why, how用法与宾语从句的一样其他连词because主句主语一般不用reasonas if / as though表语从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常
17、用虚拟语气 由从属连词 that，whether 引导的表语从句1）The trouble is that she has lost his money麻.烦的事是他丢了钱。 that 不作成分2）The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use. that 不作成分问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。3） The question is whether we need more ice cream. whether 不作成分问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。 由关系代词 which, who, what, whose等引导的表语从句1
18、）The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去which 作 _2） The problem waswho could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。who 作_3) Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。（what 作 _）3）Time is what we should treasure时.间应该是我们珍惜的。（what 作 _）4）China is no longer what it used to be. 中国不再是过去的中国。 （what 作 _） 由关系副词 when
19、, where, why, how引导的表语从句1) Go and get your coat. Itswhere you left it.去把雨衣拿来 ,就在你原来放的地方2） I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That why I got wetthroughs.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。3)That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。 由连词 because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句1）It looked
20、 as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。2）It seemsas if he didn t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。3） Thats becausewe never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。5、注意事项1）表语从句一定要用陈述语序( ) The question is when can he arrive atthe hotel.( ) The question is when he can arrive atthe hotel.2）不可以用if，而用 whether 连接表语从句 (as if 例外）
21、位于介词后要用whether，位于句首时要用whether第 5页引 表 从句，主 从句，同位 从句 要用whether( )The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.( )The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.( )It looked as if he had understood this question.3）不像 从句，在有表 从句的复合句中，主句 和从句 可以不一致n is who will travel with me to Beijing to
22、morrow.( )The question is why he cried yesterday.( )Thequestio3) that 在表 从句中不可以省掉。4) that, why, because引 表 从句的区 that, why, because都可引 表 从句。表示原因的名 （because, cause）作句子主 ，后面的表 从句常用that 引 ，不可用 because.The reason whyhe was latewas that he missed the first train this morning. because 引 的表 从句常用于 that s bec
23、ause结构， 明的是原因。why 引 的表 从句常用于that s why 构， 明的是 果。I was late for school this morning. ThatsbecauseI stayed up too late last night.I stayed up too late last night. Thatswhy I was late for school this morning.5) 主 是表示建 、命令、要求、 划（suggestion, advice, proposal,order, command, request, requirement, demand,
24、plan）等的名 ，表 从句 用虚 气 ，即从句 用“ should+ 原形”， should可以省略 。My suggestion is that we (should) set offearly tomorrow.练习一、 句改 1. He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4. Wh
25、at we need are time.5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.二、用适当的 填空，使下列 从句和表 从句意思完整。1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2. I don t know _ there will be a bus.3. I really don t know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on第 6页your parents.4. He didnt tell me _ he
26、would come back from Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train you ll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.8. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.9. Tom is very la
27、zy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam.10. This is _ we found the strange trees.11. My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.12. It looked _ he had understood this question.13. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me.14. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrived
28、or not.15. We all find it important _ we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.三、关联词的选择1. The road is covered with snow. I can t understand _ they insist on going on motor-bike. (04)2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (04)4. Alo
29、ng with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (04)5. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. (05)6. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. (04)7. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.8. The way he did it was different from _ we were used to. (05)第 7页