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1、人教版（新目标）初中八下Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells知识整理重要词汇解析1. store v.贮藏；贮备；储存例：I stored all the apples from our trees.我把树上收的苹果都存放起来了。2. common adj.共同的；常见的；普通的例：Snow is common in cold countries.在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。【拓展】 common的比较级是more common,最高级是most common。3.be interested in 对感兴趣例： Im interested
2、in collecting stamps.我对集邮很感兴趣。【拓展】 interested与interesting都是形容词,但interested是过去分词作形容词,含有被动的意味,表示因为某事而感到有趣,主语通常是人。如：Lily is interested in modern music.丽丽对现代音乐感兴趣。interesting是现在分词作形容词,含有主动的意味,表示某事引起或使得他人感到有趣,主语通常是物。如：The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。4.more than比多例： I have more than 2000 yuan in the
3、 bank.银行中还有两千多块钱。 5. thousand n.一千例：There are thousands of people on the square.在广场上有成千上万的人。【拓展】 thousand是数量单位,类似的还有hundred,million,billion。1)当表示具体数目时,仅在前面加相应的数词,thousand等本身不加s。如：two billion 二十亿;three million三百万;five thousand五千;eight hundred八百2)当表示概数时,thousand本身加s,后面再加上of。如：billions of数十亿;millions o
4、f数百万的;thousands of数千个;hundreds of数百个6. quite adv. 相当；十分例： I was quite busy last week.我上星期相当忙。【辨析】 quite和very二者都是修饰性副词。quite既可以表示充分肯定,意为“完全,十分”,也可以表示程度,意为“相当”,可修饰动词、形容词、副词、分词,在修饰名词时,冠词a放在quite之后;very只是一个程度副词,仅能修饰形容词和副词。例如:Its quite a beautiful stamp.那是一张相当漂亮的邮票。Hes a very clever boy.他是一个非常聪明的男孩。7. mi
5、ss v.想念；思念例： Im sure that everybody will miss him very much.我相信每个人都会怀念他。【拓展】 miss 作动词,常有以下两种意思:1)未击中,未得到,错过:【反】catch抓住如:He threw the ball to me,but I missed it and it landed on the ground.他把球扔给我,但我没接住,球落在了地上。I was late because I missed the bus.我迟到了,因为我误了公共汽车。2)怀念,发现东西遗失了如:When did you miss your pen?
6、你什么时候发现钢笔丢了?重点句型汇总1How long have you been collecting coins?你收集硬币有多久了？2I have been collecting coins for five years. 我收集硬币有五年了。3I have been collecting since I was a primary school student.我从上小学就开始收集了。4I have been collecting for five years. 我已经收集了有五年时间了。5How long did she surf the internet?她上网有多久了？6She
7、surfed the internet for two years. 她上网有两年的时间了。7When did you get your first pair of skates?你什么时候得到你的第一双溜冰鞋？8I got my first pair of skates last year. 我去年得到我的第一双溜冰鞋。9Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting. 我喜欢集邮，因为邮票很有趣。10If anyong else collects them, please let me know. 如果其他人也收藏，请让我知道。
8、交际用语 1. How long have you been skating? Ive been skating since nine oclock. Ive been skating for five hours. 2. How long did you skate? I skated for two hours. 3. When did you start skating? At nine oclock. 4. What sport do you play? Tennis. 5. Whats the most common / interesting / unusual hobby? 6.
9、 Whats your hobby? 重要语法 现在完成进行时【课文讲解】1.How long have you been skating? 你滑多长时间了?I have been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了五个小时。1)这是一个现在完成进行时的句子,现在完成进行时通常要和表示一段的时间连用,表示在这段时间内该动作一直在进行。其构成为“have/has been+v.-ing+表时间段的状语”。注意:如果对“段时间”提问,疑问词用how long。2)for five hours“五个小时”,介词for后跟时间段,另外,since短语也和现在完成进行时连用。si
10、nce后面跟时间点。for five hours=since five hours ago。2.Alison was the first one to start, and has been skating for the whole five hours.艾莉森是第一个开始滑的,并且已滑了足足5个小时。1)the first.to do sth.表示“第一个做某事的”。句中不定式短语to do sth.作后置定语,修饰前面的one。2）the whole five hours 意为“整整五小时”，注意whole前要加定冠词the。如:the whole afternoon一整下午the wh
11、ole school 整个学校3.My mom says I have to stop, because weve run out of room to store them.我妈妈说我必须停止收集它们,因为我们已经用光了存放它们的地方。1)这是一个复合句,because引导原因状语从句,I have to stop为宾语从句。2)have to为情态动词,它有人称和数的变化,过去式为had to。3)run out of 为固定词组,意为“用完,用光”。4.I didnt finish writing my test because I ran out of time.我考试没写完,因为我把
12、时间用完了。1)本句是because引导的原因状语从句的复合句。2)finish后面如果跟动词用它的动名词形式。后面跟动名词的动词还有enjoy, practice, keep, mind等。如:Do you enjoy listening to such music?你喜欢听这种音乐吗?5.In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years old and were welcomed by the Song Emperor.事实上,第一批犹太人很可能一千多年前就来到了开封,他们受到了宋朝皇帝的
13、欢迎。1)本句是简单句,and连接两个谓语,即came to Kaifeng和were welcomed。2)more than=over,意思是“多于,超过”,反义词组是less than(少于,不足)。6.For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.对像我一样的外国人来说,了解中国历史越多,就越喜欢在中国生活。1)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”,是一个常用句型。The more you learn, the happier
14、 you feel.你学得越多,就会越高兴。2)enjoy是及物动词,后面跟名词、代词或动名词表示“喜欢、欣赏、享受”等,也可跟反身代词,意为“玩得高兴”。7.Although I live quite far from Beijing, I am certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008!尽管我住的离北京很远,但我确信,我一定会来这里看2008年奥运会的!1)本句是由although引导的让步状语从句。although意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but, and, so等连用,但可以和yet
15、, still等词连用。2)far from意为“远离(远远不)”。3)“Im certain(that)+从句”为固定句型,意为“我确信”。【语法详解】现在完成进行时概念及构成:现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,而且还要继续下去。其结构为“助动词have/has been+v-ing”。现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词,如live, learn, study, work等，常与for two hours, since 1998,all this morning, these few days等表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I have been cleaning the r
16、oom all this morning.我今天一上午都在打扫房间。Ive been studying English since I was 4 years old.自从4岁起我就一直学英语。现在完成进行时的句型:(1)肯定句:主语+have/has been+v-ing+其他。如:I have been learning English for ten years.我学英语已经十年了。I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old.我从十岁起就一直在集邮。(2)否定句:主语+have/has+not+been+v-ing+其他
17、。如:I havent been seeing films for a long time.我有很长时间没有看电影了。I havent been doing my homework since eight oclock.从8点钟我就一直没做作业。(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+been+v-ing+其他?其肯定回答为:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答为:No,主语+havent/hasnt.如:Have you been doing your homework since this morning?从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧?Yes, I have.是的。Has he b
18、een writing the letters to his friend?他一直在给他的朋友写信吗?No, he hasnt.不是的。(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:How long has it been raining?雨下多久了?What book have you been reading recently?最近你在看什么书?现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。如:I have read a book about birds.（已经读完） I have been reading a book abou
19、t birds.（一直都在读,现在还在读,还会继续读下去） (2)两种时态都有延续性,但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复,有时有一定的感情色彩。如:She has been singing all the day.她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）【中考连线】1 .Have you seen my toy car,Bill?Its my way,so I put it _.A.in;away B.on;out C.in;out D.by;away答案:A 本题考查词组的区别。(1)in the way的意思是“挡路”,on the
20、way的意思是“在路上”,by the way的意思是“顺便”。(2) put away的意思是“把收起来”,put out的意思是“熄灭”。句子的意思是“它挡住了路,因此我把它收起来了”,故选A。2._ of people work in the factory.But only two _ of them are from Zhejiang Province.A.Thousands;hundreds B.Thousands;hundredC.Thousand;hundreds D.Thousand;hundred答案:B本题考查的是数词的用法。句中因为有of,所以用词组thousands
21、of,two hundred “二百个学生”是一个具体数字,hundred后面不能加s。3 .Thanks _ the Great Green Wall,the land produces more crops.A.by B.of C.for D.to答案:D 此题考查thanks to和thanks for的区别,thanks to“多亏,由于”;thanks for“为而感谢”。没有A和B这两种形式。句子的意思是“多亏了绿色长城,土地才产出了更多的庄稼”,故选D。4.Can I help you?Id like _ for my twin daughters.A.two pair of s
22、hoes B.two pairs of shoe C.two pair of shoe D.two pairs of shoes答案:D 对pair用法的考查。由题意可知是给两个女儿的鞋,应该是两双。同步测试题.单项选择(15分)16. He prefers _rather than _the train.A. walk; take B. to walk; to take C. to walk; take D. walk; to take17. We have _many difficulties these years.A. gone over B. gone on C. gone out
23、D. gone through18. Peter_ his best friend in the street yesterday.A. ran after B. ran away C. ran out D. ran across19. Saturday morning, an earthquake killed 13 people _Jiangxi Province.A. On; in B. On; at C. In; at D. In; in20. Tina told me the _story.A. all B. one C. whole D. both21. We are here t
24、o _funds for the charity.A. raise B. rise C. get D. want22. When I got up this morning, it_ .A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. was raining23. There _another English evening next Sunday.A. are going to be B. was going to be C. is going to be D. were going to be24. Do you know what _this time yester
25、day?A. they are doing B. were they doing C. they were doing D. are they doing25. My brother _to New York twice.A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes26._ have you been skiing?Half a year.A. How long B. How often C. How far D. When27. Mother has _for two days.A. left B. arrived C. been D. been away2
26、8. He _for three hours, and hes still watching now.A. has been B. watched C. has been watching D. is watching29. When I got to the station, the train _left _.A. has; already B. had; already C. has; yet D. had; yet30. Hello, everybody! You are taking the important exam now. Dont be nervous. It is not
27、 as difficult as you imagine. I am sure you all will succeed. Please answer every question with great care. You know _you are, _mistakes youll make.A. the careful; the few B. the more careful; the lessC. careful; few D. the more careful; the fewer.完形填空(15分)In our country every school has a library.
28、Im 31 you have read many books. You borrow them from the school library and keep them for 32 .Maybe you 33 get books from your parents or friends 34 .If you like reading and want 35 ,you may often go to bookshops and buy some yourself.Have you 36 thought of how people make a book? Different people m
29、ust check it several times 37 it comes out. After 38 finishes reading a book, the book passes through the hands of many other people. Everyone in the factory, has to work very carefully because 39 must not be any mistake in it. Many people are busy 40 it. They print it on good paper and put the piec
30、es together before it goes to the bookshop.We all like reading. Lets take good care of books.31. A. sorry B. sure C. thinking D. saying32. A. some time B. some times C. sometime D. sometimes33. A. too B. also C. either D. neither34. A. for a present B. as a present C. for presents D. as presents35.
31、A. learning many more B. to learn many moreC. learning more D. to learn more36. A. just B. already C. ever D. even37. A. though B. since C. before D. after38. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one39. A. that B. this C. it D. there40. A. working on B. to work on C. going on D. to go on.阅读理解(10分)
32、APerhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world.Maybe that doesnt sound very interesting. But when youre joined to the Internet, there are lots of things you can do. You can sen
33、d e-mails to your friends without any money, and they can get them in a few seconds without any money. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (WWW).There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines si
34、tting on peoples desks at home, but there are still many others in school offices or large companies(公司).These computers are owned by people or companies, but no one really owns the Internet itself.There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example, your school may have the intern
35、et. You can use it during lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at that place.Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the i
36、nformation you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information of the Internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow?41. What is the passage mainly about?A. Internet. B. Information. C. Computers D. E-mails.42. Which is the cheapest
37、and quickest way to send messages to your friends?A. By post. B. By Internet. C. By telephone. D. By satellite.43. Which may be the most possible place for people to work in the future?A. In the office. B. At school. C. At home. D. In the company.44. Whos the owner of the Internet?A. The headmaster.
38、 B. The officer. C. The user. D. No one.45. What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences?A. English is important in using the Internet.B. The Internet is more and more popular.C. Most of the information is in English.D. Every computer must have the Internet.BSome people have very
39、good memories，and can easily learn quite a long poem by heart. There are other people who can only remember things when they have said them again and again. The famous English writer，Charles Dickens，said that he could walk down any streets in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had pa
40、ssed. Many of the great men of the world have had wonderful memories.A good memory is of great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he learns when he is a small child. Some children like boys and girls dont live in their own country，and they seem to lear
41、n two languages almost as easily as one. In school，it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because students have so little time for it and they are busy with other lessons，too.A mans mind is rather like a camera，but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of what we feel，hear，smell an
42、d taste. When we take a real photo with a camera，there is much to do before the photo is finished and ready to show to our friends. In the same way，there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture for ever in our minds.Memory is the diary we all carry about with us.46. Some people are good
43、 at _.A. learning long poems B. remembering things C. taking photos D. keeping a diary47. Other people can only remember things by _.A. saying again and again B. hearing，smelling and tastingC. learning a foreign languageD. keeping a picture48. Charles Dickens _.A. didnt live in his own country B. ha
44、d a very poor memoryC. spoke two foreign languages as easily as EnglishD. had a very good memory49. A good memory helps you_.A. keep a picture for everB. tell others the name of every shop in LondonC. learn a languageD. hear，smell and taste50. Remember things is rather like _.A. learning poemsB. tak
45、ing photosC. learning EnglishD. feeling things第卷（笔答题，共四个大题，满分45分）.A. 根据句意及英文释义用相应的单词填空。(5分)1. They _ (collect money together) 500 dollars to help that poor family last month.2. I like all the paintings here, but this one is _ (especially) good.3. We share a_ (shared by two or more people) goal: We both want to go into that university.4.Is New York the _ (a city which is the center of government of a country) of the USA?No, Washington D. C. is.5.