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1、1,非谓语动词作状语,2,一、分词作状语,1分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。 _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. _ from the top of the tower, we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen
2、D. To see,3,2分词作状语的句法功能：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。 Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间) Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间) Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因) Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件) Th
3、e cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步) The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况),4,Heated,water changes into steam. United,we stand;divided,we fall. Seriously injured,he had to be taken to h
4、ospital. She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.,5,二、不定式作状语 1. 表目的： 有时候用in order to do / so as to do(不用于句首) He got up early in order to catch the first bus. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. In order to arrive before dark, we started early.,2. 表原因：在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后
5、跟不定式表示原因：easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed I am glad to hear the news. I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.,6,3. 表结果 She went abroad never to return. My grandmother lived to see the liberatio
6、n of China. 1) so adj. as to do / such as to He was so angry as to be unable to speak. We are not such fools as to believe him. 2) tooto, enough to do等结构表示结果 This book is easy enough for me to read. The ice is thick enough to walk on. She is too tired to do the job. 3) only to (表未曾料到的结果) They lifted
7、 a rock only to drop it on their own feet. I went to see him only to find him out. 注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。 Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.,7,三、独立成分作状语 特殊的独立结构 有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语，用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。 1)
8、 现在分词的独立结构 judging from / by; generally/strictly/frankly speaking; according to; including; owing to; talking/ speaking of (谈及) 2) 过去分词的独立结构 given(考虑到); provided that(如果) 3) 不定式的独立结构 to tell you the truth; to make things worse; to begin with / to start with / to be frank 4) 动词原形 believe it or not (信
9、不信由你) 5) 作连词的分词 ,这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接that 从句。 considering (考虑到，就而言)，providing / provided 假如， supposing 假如,8,非谓语动词做状语 (选用所给词的正确形式填空：pass, compare, follow, follow, walk, dress, lose) _ a post office, I stopped to buy some stamps. _ with the old one, the new building looks pretty. _ by a group of students,
10、the professor came in. _ the students, the professor came in. _ in the street, he spotted his best friend. _ in a new skirt, she stood out at the party. _ in the strange city, the little girl was scared.,Passing,Compared,Followed,Following,Walking,Dressed,Lost,9,四、独立主格结构作状语：位置灵活，常用逗号与句子主题分开，在句中常作状语，
11、表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)现在分词(与前面构成主动关系)：Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 名词(代词)过去分词(与前面构成被动关系)：The test finished, we began our holiday. 名词(代词)不定式(表将来)：There being no bus, we had to walk home. 名词(代词)副词：He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 名词(代词)形容词：
12、The firm, itself immense, did not disdain the petty retail dealing. 这家公司尽管规模很大，但并不轻视这笔小零售生意。 名词(代词)介词短语：He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 名词(代词)名词： The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.,10,【题型一】利用黄金法则分析法解题 1.All the task _ ahead of time, they d
13、ecided to go on holiday for a week. A. had been finishedB. were finished C. having been finished D. has been finished 2. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 3. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told 4._ I met him, I
14、thought he was a serious man. A. For the first time B. The first time C. It was the first time D. By the first time,五、“黄金法则”谓语单一性法则,11,【题型二】与独立主格的结合 (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work. (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work. (3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. themC. what D. that,个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论,