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1、冶金 钢铁 机械制造（Metallurgy, iron and steel, machinery manufacturing）Improving the technical level of metallurgical equipment in China is an important condition for the steel industryI. Basic Situation of Chinas iron and steel industry development1, Chinas iron and steel industry in the worlds growing inf
2、luenceAt present, Chinas iron and steel industry continues to maintain a rapid development trend, in 2006, the countrys iron, steel and steel production has reached more than 4 tons of new heights, respectively, reaching 4.04 tons, 4.18 tons and 4.67 tons. In 2006, crude steel and pig iron were 12.3
3、95 tons and 8.67 tons respectively, and crude steel and pig iron respectively accounted for 33.79% and 46.6% of the total output of the world. The annual apparent consumption of crude steel in the domestic market amounted to 3.84 tons, accounting for 30.98% of the total global consumption. Chinas st
4、eel production and consumption has become a global center, and has an important impact on the development of the world steel industry.2, the structure continues to optimize, and the international competitiveness has markedly increasedIn 2006, the structure of steel products in our country continued
5、to optimize, and the ratio of plate to tube reached 49.26%. Because of the effective supply of domestic steel, the market share of domestic steel reached 95.8%. In 2006, China imported 18 million 510 thousand tons of steel, down 28.3% compared with the same period, and exported 43 million 10 thousan
6、d tons of steel, an increase of 110%. Imports of billets 370 thousand tons, down 71.82%; export steel billet 9 million 40 thousand tons, an increase of 27.83%. Net steel exports 24 million 500 thousand tons, net billet exports 8 million 670 thousand tons. If the import and export of steel and billet
7、 are converted to crude steel, the net annual export of crude steel is 34 million 720 thousand tons. Net exports of crude steel accounted for 8.3% of total annual crude steel production, accounting for 52.75% of total annual steel output. China has finished the net import of steel for many years and
8、 has become a net exporter.3, the whole industry operating efficiency is goodThe overall operation of the steel industry in 2006 was better than expected. The industry realized a profit of 169 billion 950 million yuan, an increase of 30.6% (31% above the national scale). Among them, focus on the pro
9、duction of iron and steel enterprises (60) to achieve profits of 158 billion 833 million yuan, an increase of 15.69%; total profit (subsidies) 88 billion 811 million yuan, an increase of 16.91%; (3) loss of business losses (before subsidies) 92 million 110 thousand yuan, an increase of 95.11%.Two, t
10、he development of metallurgical equipment technology level in our countryIn recent years, the equipment and technology level of Chinas iron and steel industry has obviously improved, and the large-scale, high-speed, precision and modernization are remarkable features. Between 2006 and 2002, the whol
11、e industry more than 3000 cubic meters of blast furnace from 3 seats to 12, 2000 to 2999 cubic meters of blast furnace from 17 seats to 37, the annual production capacity from 40 million 790 thousand tons to 105 million 850 thousand tons; 100 tons and above converter consists of 35 seats to 91, the
12、annual production capacity by 48 million 190 thousand tons, to 116 million 460 thousand tons of hot rolling mill; broadband by 17 sets to 35 sets, the annual production capacity from 38 million 450 thousand tons, to 91 million 390 thousand tons; cold wide strip mill by 8 sets to 24 sets, the annual
13、production capacity from 11 million 60 thousand tons to 31 million 300 thousand tons; stainless steel, the annual production capacity of 10 million tons; the actual production 2006 galvanizing production line and coating production line reached 13 million 980 thousand tons and 2 million 270 thousand
14、 tons, compared with 2002 increased by 6.59 times and 3.71 times. In major technological transformation and new projects of key middle and large iron and steel enterprises,Sintering machine capacity of more than 400 square meters (500 square meters of new Shougang sintering machine); coke oven is 7.
15、63 meters high, a large volume of blast furnace is 400 cubic meters, 5500 cubic meters of blast furnace is under construction; converter is 300 tons; 150 tons of large electric furnace; all kinds of rolling mill are hot rolling mill rolling speed is generally 18 meters / seconds, cold rolling speed
16、up to 25 meters per second, more than double than the old mill speed; high speed wire mill speed increased to 100 meters / seconds.At the same time, the overall automation control level of metallurgical equipment, the quality and precision of rolling, the whole process automation and information man
17、agement have been improved obviously.Three, the pressure and challenge faced by the iron and steel industry1, the task of eliminating backward production capacity is still quite arduousIron, steel and steel products in 2006 of Chinas steel industry production exceeded 4 tons, but according to the ir
18、on and steel industry development policy requirement, to the end of 2005, iron and steel industry, backward production capacity of 98 million 800 thousand tons of iron, the total production capacity of 24.2%; steel 55 million tons, the total production capacity of 79 million tons of steel 13.29%; th
19、e total production capacity of 18.81%. The backward equipment generally has the problems of high energy consumption and serious pollution. However, due to the constraints of the system, mechanism, local interests and social relations, it is still very difficult to eliminate backward tasks. At the sa
20、me time, backward equipment also has hidden dangers for safety in production.2, energy-saving emission reduction pressure is still greatAccording to statistics show that in 2006, Chinas unit GDP energy consumption fell by only 1.23%, compared with the national target of 4% decline, there is a big ga
21、p. Iron and steel industry is a major energy consuming country, accounting for about 15% of the total energy consumption. According to statistics, in 2005 Chinas large and medium-sized steel enterprise and comparable energy consumption per ton of steel is 9.85% higher than in developed countries. In
22、dustrial emissions of 693 thousand tons, accounting for 8.1% of the country; industrial wastewater emissions amounted to 16.99 tons, accounting for 7.87% of the total industrial sector. With the changes of macroeconomic conditions both at home and abroad, the pressure of energy conservation and emis
23、sion reduction in the iron and steel industry will be further increased.3, the ability of independent innovation needs to be improvedSince Chinas accession to the WTO in 2001, the developed countries have made more than 85% of the eight high-tech patents in China, of which 95% of high-end technology
24、 has been monopolized by foreign companies. Affected by many factors, China currently only 25% companies have independent R & D capability, with independent innovation patent companies less than 10%, with the core technology of intellectual property rights of enterprises accounted for only 0.0003%,
25、from this data, we can see a huge gap between Chinas independent innovation capability of enterprises. In addition, in 2006, Chinas heavy machinery industry equipment and spare parts imports amounted to 5 billion 307 million U. s.dollars. Among them, the total mechanical equipment and spare parts im
26、ported metallurgical mines for $2 billion 452 million ($1 per 7.74 yuan, 19 billion yuan), accounting for 46.02% of total imports; gross industrial production accounted for 6.88% of the heavy machinery industry. From the classification of imported equipment and spare parts, coking equipment, metal s
27、melting and spare parts, metal rolling mills and spare parts, metal deep-processing equipment and other imports amounted to $1 billion 846 million;The total amount of mining equipment and spare parts, screening, washing, crushing and grinding equipment and mining winding equipment totaled 605 millio
28、n US dollars. To change this situation, the domestic related industries should make positive efforts.Four, seizing the opportunity to make new contributions to the revitalization of Chinas metallurgical equipment technology level1, earnestly study and implement the opinions of the State Council on t
29、he revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industrySeveral opinions of the State Council on the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry point out that equipment manufacturing industry is a basic industry for providing technical equipment for national economic development and nat
30、ional defense construction. However, Chinas equipment manufacturing industry still has many problems, such as weak independent innovation capability, high dependence on foreign countries, irrational industrial structure and weak international competitiveness. At the same time, the goal, tasks, measu
31、res, laws and regulations, policy support and the role of the association have also been clearly defined. As far as metallurgical equipment is concerned, there are some problems in technology optimization, equipment perfection and upgrading from mining, sintering, coking, iron making, steelmaking, s
32、teel rolling, as well as many equipment of the power system of iron and steel enterprises. Especially high tech industrialization key field the current guidelines give priority to the development of the development and Reform Commission, the national day before the Ministry of science and technology
33、, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Intellectual Property Office jointly revised the year (2007) mentioned in the notice, such as travel, travel, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of manufacturing resources key equipment.And both sides should conscientiously sum up the previou
34、s domestic major equipment, in research and development, technology, design and manufacturing, maintenance, production, cohesion, successful experience and failure lessons of business reputation and the whole process service, really set up for both long-term stability, mutual trust and mutually bene
35、ficial cooperation and achieve win-win development. We should grasp the good environment of our countrys rapid economic development, seize the opportunity, make full use of the preferential policies given by the state, and make our respective contributions to the revitalization of Chinas equipment m
36、anufacturing industry.2, the national upgrading of design and manufacturing level and service levelThe key technology development and system integration of Chinas major equipment manufacturing is important, but the supporting quality of sealing parts, hydraulic lubrication parts, special requirement
37、s bearings, valves and other parts and components can not be ignored. Especially, the quality, accuracy and reliability of the meter, instrument and automatic control equipment of metallurgical equipment need to be comprehensively improved and improved. Therefore, the small and medium-sized enterpri
38、ses supporting the complete sets of equipment must develop in the direction of special, fine and special, and form a number of industrial chains with distinctive features and outstanding focuses. Manufacturing enterprises will attach great importance to strengthening the research and management of c
39、ollaborative factories and subcontractors, and to avoid the quality and reliability of equipment as a whole due to the quality problems of auxiliary equipment or parts. In the past, there are too many bad examples of this combination, and there should be a fundamental change. At the same time, equip
40、ment manufacturing enterprises in the creation of user value for use, after-sales service, adhere to good faith, operational effect evaluation, spare parts, special supply and so on, do more in-depth and detailed work.3, metallurgical equipment management should actively adapt to the development of
41、modern equipment levelThe iron and steel manufacturing enterprises should set up the equipment management system, maintenance mode and operation mechanism as soon as possible with the equipment technical level of the enterprise,Standardize operation, scientific management, make moving technical equi
42、pment fully play a role. And in the daily maintenance and regular maintenance, timely summarize the defects of equipment in the aspects of design and manufacture and the insufficiency, according to their ability and conditions for both sides, and constantly improve the level of technology and qualit
43、y of the equipment. The realization of these tasks aims to improve the comprehensive quality and professional technical quality of managers at all levels in the iron and steel enterprises, especially the full-time inspectors, and to enhance the sense of responsibility and consciousness. At the same time, with the development trend of large-scale, high-speed and precision metallurgical equipment, the equipment, equipment, failures and accidents have caused serious losses. Http:/