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1、组织学与胚胎学 组织学 histology胚胎学 embryology细胞外基质 extracellular matrix石蜡切片术 paraffin sectioning苏木精-伊红染色法 hematoxylin-eosin staining组织化学 histochemistry 免疫组织化学 immunohistochemistry组织培养 cell culture组织工程 tissue engineering上皮 epithelium内皮 endothelium间皮 mesothelium外分泌腺 exocrine gland内分泌腺 endocrine gland腺泡 acinus浆液
2、性细胞 serous cell粘液性细胞 mucous cell浆半月 serous demilune微绒毛 microvillus纤毛 cilium桥粒 desmosome连接复合体 junctional complex 基膜 basement membrane基板 basal lamina网板 reticular lamina疏松结绨组织 loose connective tissue结缔组织 connective tissue固有结缔组织 connective tissue proper间充质 mesenchyme成纤维细胞 fibroblast纤维细胞 fibrocyte巨噬细胞 ma
3、crophage浆细胞 plasma cell肥大细胞 mast cell间充质细胞 mesenchymal胶原纤维 collagenous fiber弹性纤维 elastic fiber网状纤维 reticular fiber基质 ground substance脂肪组织 adipose tissue网状组织 reticular tissue血浆 plasma血清 serum芮氏染色 wright staining红细胞 erythrocyte,red blood cell血红蛋白 hemoglobin,Hb红细胞膜骨架 erythrocyte membrane skeleton溶血 hem
4、olysis网织红细胞 reticulocyte白细胞 leukocyte,white blood cell中性粒细胞 neutrophilic granulocyte,neutrophil嗜天青颗粒 azurophilic granule特殊颗粒 specific granule嗜碱性颗粒 basophilic granule单核细胞 monocyte淋巴细胞 lymphocyte血小板 blood platelet骨髓 bone marrow造血干细胞 hemopoietic stem cell多能干细胞 multipotential stem cell软骨组织 cartilage tis
5、sue软骨细胞 chondrocyte软骨陷窝 cartilage lacuna同源细胞群 isogenous group软骨囊 cartilage capsule透明软骨 hyaline cartilage纤维软骨 fibrous cartilage弹性软骨 elastic cartilage成软骨细胞 chondroblast骨组织 osseous tissue骨基质 bone matrix类骨质 osteoid骨板 bone lamella骨祖细胞 osteoprogenitor cell成骨细胞 osteoblast基质小泡 matric vesicle骨细胞 osteocyte骨陷窝
6、 bone lacuna骨小管 bone canaliculus破骨细胞 osteoclast穿通管 perforating canal环骨板 circumferential lamella哈弗斯系统 Haversian system骨单位 osteon骨骼肌 skeletal muscle心肌 cardiac muscle肌原纤维 myofibril肌节 sarcomere肌浆 sarcoplasm肌浆网 sarcoplasmic reticulum闰盘 intercalated disk横小管 transverse tubule纵小管 longitudinal tubule终池 termi
7、nal cisternae三联体 triad粗肌丝 thick filament细肌丝 filament神经组织 nervous tissue神经元 neuron神经胶质细胞 neuroglial cell尼氏体 Nissl body神经递质 neurotransmitter神经原纤维 neurofibril树突 dendrite轴突 axon轴膜 axolemma轴浆 axoplasm假单极神经元 pseudounipolar neuron突触 synaptic突触前成分 presynaptic element突触间隙 synaptic cleft突触后成分 postsynaptic ele
8、ment突触后膜 postsynaptic membrane突触前膜 presynaptic membrane突触小体 synaptic knob星形胶质细胞 astrocyte少突胶质细胞 oligodendrocyte室管膜细胞 ependymal cell施万细胞 Schwann cell髓鞘 myelin sheath有髓神经纤维 myelinated nerve fiber郎飞结 Ranvier node中间体 internode触觉小体 tactile corpuscle环层小体 lamellar corpuscle神经肌连接 neuromuscular junction锥体细胞
9、pyramidal cell外颗粒层 external granular layer外锥体细胞层 external pyramidal layer内颗粒层 internal granular layer内锥体细胞 internal pyramidal layer 多形细胞层 polymorphic layer浦肯野细胞 Purkinje cell高尔基细胞 Golgi cell攀缘纤维 climbing fiber苔藓纤维 mossy fiber闰绍细胞 Ranshaw cell节细胞 ganglion cell血脑屏障 blood-brain barrier内膜 tunica intima中
10、膜 tunica media外膜 tunica adventitia心内膜 endocardium心外膜 epicardium心肌膜 myocardium微动脉 arteriole微静脉 venule毛细血管 capillary弹性膜 elastic membrane周细胞 pericyte连续毛细血管 continuous capillary有孔毛细血管 fenestrated capillary 血窦 sinusoid capillary蒲肯野纤维 Purkinje fiber微循环 microcirculation表皮 epidermis角质形成细胞 keratinocyte基底层 st
11、ratum basale棘层 stratum spinosum颗粒层 stratum granulosum透明层 stratum lucidum角质层 stratum corneum黑素细胞 melanocyte朗格汉斯细胞 Langerhans cell真皮 dermis皮脂腺 sebaceous gland汗腺 sweat gland淋巴细胞再循环 recirculation of lymphocyte单核吞噬细胞系统 mononuclear phagocytic system树突状细胞 dendritic cell弥散淋巴组织 diffuse lymphoid tissue淋巴小结 ly
12、mphoid nodule生发中心germinal center胸腺小叶 thymic lobule胸腺细胞 thymocyte血胸屏障 blood-thymus barrier浅层皮质 superficial cortex副皮质区 paracortical zone皮质淋巴窦 cortical sinus髓索 medullary cord髓窦 medullary sinus白髓 white pulp红髓 red pulp 动脉周围淋巴鞘 periarterial lymphatic sheath 边缘区 marginal zone脾索 splenic cord脾血窦 splenic sinu
13、s激素 hormone甲状腺滤泡 thyroid follicle滤泡旁细胞 parafollicular cell束状带 zona fasciculata球状带 zona glomerulosa网状带 zona reticularis嗜铬细胞 chromaffin cell远侧部 pars distalis嗜酸性细胞 acidophil噬碱性细胞 basophil嫌色细胞 chromophobe cell赫令体 herring body促性腺激素细胞 gonadotroph垂体细胞 pituicyte生长激素细胞 somatotroph垂体门脉系统 hypophyseal portal sy
14、stem粘膜 mucosa粘膜下层 submucosa肌层 muscularis外膜 adventitia皱襞 plica浆膜 serosa胃小凹 gastric area胃底腺 fundic gland壁细胞 oxyntic cell主细胞 chief cell细胞内分泌小管 intracellular secretory canaliculus肠绒毛 intestinal villus吸收细胞 absorptive cell潘氏细胞 Paneth cell十二指肠腺 duodenal gland中央乳糜管 central lacteal消化腺 digestive gland闰管 inter
15、calated duct泡心细胞 centroacinar cell胰岛 pancreas islet肝小叶 hepatic lobule中央静脉 central vein肝细胞 hepatocyte 肝板 hepatic plate肝巨噬细胞 Kupffer cell窦周隙 persinusoidal space胆小管 bile canaliculi门管区 portal area呼吸系统 respiratory system气管 trachea刷细胞 brush cell纤维细胞 ciliated cell支气管 bronchus肺 lung呼吸性细支气管 respiratory bronc
16、hiole肺泡管 alveolar duct 肺泡囊 alveolar alveoli肺泡 pulmonary alveoli肺泡隔 alveolar septum肺巨噬细胞 pulmonary macrophage气血屏障 blood-air barrier肾单位 nephron髓放线 medullary ray泌尿小管 uriniferous tubule肾小体 renal corpuscle血管球 glomerulus肾小囊 renal capsule肾小管 renal tubule足细胞 podocyte近端小管 proximal tubule远端小管 distal tubule刷状缘
17、 brush border致密斑 macula densa滤过屏障 filtration barrier肾素 renin球旁复合体 juxtaglomerular complex生精小管 seminiferous tubule精子细胞 spermatid精原细胞 spermatogonium精子细胞 spermatogenesis精母发生 spermatocyte精子 spermatozoon生精细胞 spermatogenic cell顶体 acrosome精子形成 spermiogenesis附睾 epididymis支持细胞 Sustentacular cell前列腺 prostate血
18、睾屏障 blood-testis barrier睾丸间质细胞 testicular interstitial cell雄激素结合蛋白 androgen binding protein女性生殖系统 female reproductive system卵巢 vary 卵泡 follicle卵原细胞 oogonia初级卵母细胞 primary oocyte次级卵母细胞 secondary oocyte排卵 ovulation卵细胞 ovum透明带 zona pellucida放射冠 corona radiata黄体 uterus子宫 uterus子宫腺 uterine gland乳腺 mammary
19、 gland生殖细胞 germ cell配子 gamete获能 capacitation受精 fertilization顶体反应 acrosome reaction透明带反应 zona reaction雄原核 male pronucleus雌原核 female pronucleus受精卵（合子） fertilized ovum (zygote)卵裂 cleavage卵裂球 blastomere桑椹胚 moruia胚泡 blastocyte胚泡腔 blastocoele滋养层 trophoblast内细胞群 inner cell mass植入(着床） implantation(imbed）合体滋
20、养层 syncytiotrophoblast细胞滋养层 cytotrophoblast蜕膜 decidua蜕膜细胞 decidual cell基蜕膜 decidua basalis包蜕膜 decidua capularis壁蜕膜 decidua parietalis胚盘 embryonic disc上胚层 epiblast下胚层 hypoblast体蒂 body stalk原条 primitive steak原结 primitive node原沟 primitive groove原凹 primitive pit胚内中胚层 intraembryonic mesoderm中胚层 mesoderm外
21、胚层 ectoderm内胚层 endoderm脊索 notochord神经扳 neural plate神经沟 neural groove神经褶 neural fold神经管 neural tube神经嵴 neural crest间充质 mesenchyme轴旁中胚层 paraxial mesoderm间接中胚层 intermediate mesoderm侧中胚层 lateral mesoderm体壁中胚层 parietal mesoderm脏壁中胚层 visceral mesoderm衣胞 afterbirth胎膜 fetal membrane绒毛膜 chorion羊膜 amnion羊水 am
22、niotic fluid卵黄囊 yolk sac尿囊 allantois脐带 umbilical cord胎盘 placenta胎盘隔 placental septum胎盘膜 placental membrane胎盘屏障 placental barrier双胎 twins多胎 multiplets连体多胎 conjoined twins原始消化管 primitive gut前肠 forgut中肠 hindgut后肠 midgut甲状舌管 thyroglossal duct中肠袢 midgut loop盲肠突 caecal bud脐腔 nmbilical coelom泄殖腔 cloaca尿直肠隔
23、 urorectal septum尿直肠窦 urogenital sinus尿直肠膜 urogenital membrane肛膜 anal membrane肝憩室 hepatic diverticulum腹胰芽 ventral pancreas bud背胰芽 dorsal pancreas bud麦克尔憩室 Meckels diverticulum脐粪瘘 nmbilical fistula先天性脐疝 congenital umbilical hernia喉气管沟 laryngotracheal diverticulum肺芽 lung bud气管食管瘘 tracheoesophageal fis
24、tula透明膜病 hyaline membrane disease生肾节 nephrotome尿生殖嵴 urogenital ridge中肾嵴 mesonephric ridge生殖腺嵴 genital ridge前肾 pronephros中肾 mesonephros 后肾 metanephros中肾管 mesonephric输尿管芽 ureteric bud生后肾组织 metanephrogenic tissue原始生殖细胞 primordial germ cell中身旁细胞 paramesonephric duct血岛 blood island原始心血管系统 primitive cardi
25、ovascular system卵黄动脉 vitelline artery脐动脉 umbilical artery弓动脉 aortic artery总主静脉 common cardinal vein 卵黄静脉 xitelline vein脐静脉 umbilical vein围心腔 pericardial coelom生心扳 cardiogenic plate心管 cardiogenic tube心肌外套层 myoepicardial mantle心胶质 cardiac jelly心球 bullus cordis静脉窦 sinus venosus动脉干 truncus arteriosus球室袢 bulboventricular loop房室管 atrioventricular canal心内膜垫 endocardiac cushion卵圆孔 foramen ovale动脉干嵴 truncal ridge球嵴 bulbar ridge主动脉肺动脉隔 aortico-pulmonary septum房间隔缺损 artrial septal defect室间隔缺损 ventricular septal defect法洛四联症 tetralogy of Fallot