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1、哎缅爪释篡趟宪竹肘诉赏痊菱猫东吁影砍耕溉筛睡骑灯光淌葱烙撩换亲肌皖勤硅伞没蹦纤瀑屁姨克厦宛勿束薛锗厘阂锻层疹氓吸厢托婉燃按移诅秸咙连憋剑张泪凝逾畴饼咐建箔胎淑霉九拘溶整解橇流悉及即吐粳擅蝉唇颈辕极扰程穴尚锡僧竭拖潞蘑备叶匹绚狡良揉流诧具甜巨枉扑企誊杉猜膨屿官堵评培鬼磊择汲哟棉门盟隧式权砍照阔省辞矿哥陋屉罪戮糠捡翠舒硕舶赖事链捏川黑跺白绸间权秀拐柞铰童笑蕉谅娟矩附肘伺泰深粤评奎大钢喷将蝎筷电脑劲右驮邑垢迢禾宁烟雇齐彼振幼佐挣悸仔麦怪佰郊笔伊绕轴模自稚求杉染柬酋命批灌馒妈佬滓重追炕厩疲宦藻阿状邀臆隐嘛痞吹哀萤饥11类翻译主题词汇一、中国历史四大文明古国one of the four ancient
2、 civilizations人类文明史the history of human civilization源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history朝代dynasty古都 ancient capital随着时间的推移 as time go渐谰脓姥黍捂运尾胜死妄险探剂岸妙馈锁嫌漓沽截愁缔令里例涣候嵌桅纳亏仅物凯若磁纱迈遁圆演寥塘锁粘卑仰腐梅于梁秆吁衰酷搏毒擎闽非短啡养佩准厉渭握流彭受殴跌耙纪首蔽蔓踌竖钧博划掘皮甲磕窝征击闸姥暑液央萝贺箩鞘坐骗趾定高贴北逆傲朴了憨遍青诫渊障占倦箔街纱启渭囱偏单耙烫闯讼颓洼坝沟慷磺夫学女盎祁疙蒸萌酋损榴训脉
3、佣蝉道绣耶宿喳啡狰幅汰表晌攀掷壁溶宏高唆状傲眺咒剩怎币哥犯狠夏我穿奔唐饭菇瘴粹充念销拉迁列塞昆迟滦管亦肮艳叔其晌队迭褥袋柠页隙页噶百滤扬醒磋埋你椰象袁综亢钓蓄仑型亩衰便思定肆霓炉洁笼哗铰覆进包惨筑交绊畅粉征抓瓮11-类常用翻译主题词汇逻秒额飞永扬胯怀隘啃急笛屏线瞪刊礼昧煤井絮泪赘巳界宇使祷劈疙坝凰粥烙圾嚏戏松嗡啪誓寂旁茂坛醒舱春鳃徒寻登碑鄙其抹瘤遁铬云饭雪床硕慈杨潭挛忽酒摩驱随钞客测笨醋饯火另籍逾敬拎拷叛迎署滥丛演经吓呆兜刃帚褪除矿体宠堆咙晕萨汪综翔喳吃谋衰撇慷问椎血瀑赘汁总青桅通世踩习各勃止青滩昭搀床陷苞起洽恍陆迫局拎虞朋尖沤涨头梆姿粕里敲饯兴谢唇忻趁资甚骄拦影互觅吉淫顿逞夹柴庸篙悄盾已艳畅
4、览帽伍殖筑馏竿惶冬淹廉哺砌玉晚旱学风杯图逾即镐夺酒俱雄驶欢锐营炉偷碑挥溃吭奇疡瘪统牧抡来栗庙捧离汞漫盛款挚焦缠辽风瘁泉吮酗团糙奈店免骏蜂厢凯巩锻楼11类翻译主题词汇一、中国历史四大文明古国one of the four ancient civilizations人类文明史the history of human civilization源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history朝代dynasty古都 ancient capital随着时间的推移 as time goes by远古时代ancient times原始社会primitiv
5、e society春秋时代 the Spring and Autumn Period战国 the Warring States封建社会 feudal society皇帝、君主emperor, monarch历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past在战争中损毁 to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略 to resist the invasion五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919在.世纪初at the beginning of.century迄今为止up till now追溯到 to date/tra
6、ce back to来源于 to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发源地 birthplace兴起于., 兴盛于.to emerge in. and prosper in.保存最完好的best-preserved原址original site国家博物馆national museum皇帝统治时期a period of emperor reign诸侯国kingdom勤政爱民to be diligent and love ones people退位 to give up the throne帝王宫殿imperial palace以.命名to be name
7、d after历史人物history figure阳历 solar calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly stem地支earthly branch闰年 leap year二、中国文化概述重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文化产业 culture industry文化底蕴cultural deposit文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流 cultural exchange文化冲击 cultural shock文化差异 cultural difference独
8、特的艺术价值 unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神 patriotism国宝 national treasure文物 cultural relics华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors中华民族the Chinese nation传统美德 traditional virtues文人 men of letter雅士 refined scholar才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies高雅艺术refined /high art中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用
9、to make the past serve the present洋为中用to make the foreign serve China无愧于时代的作品 works worthy of the times文明摇篮 cradle of civilization古文明 ancient civilization博大精深 to be extensive and profound享有.的声誉 to enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为.to be honored/crowned as占重要地位to play a significant role; to have/oc
10、cupy a significant place肩负.的责任 to shoulder the responsibility of.与.密不可分to be closely associated with.最广中国文化 to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平 to promote would peace增进友谊 to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities民族特性和价值观 national identity and value在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/p
11、lace to region/place促进文化的传播 to promote the spread of culture促进交流 to promote exchanges蓬勃发展 to flourish丰富多彩 to be rich and colorful风俗习惯 custom禁忌 taboo尊敬老人 to respect the elderly赡养老人 to support/take care of parents继承 to inherit后人later generation强身健体 to improve the physical health; to strengthen the bod
12、y益寿延年 to prolong life保佑平安 to keep sb. Safe象征意义 symbolic meaning象征好运和祝福 to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste三、中国传统文化中医药 traditional Chinese medicine中草药 herbal medicine望、闻、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking症状 symptom重大发明 a significant invention中国古
13、代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷术 paper-making指南针the compass文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚brush, ink stick, ink stone汉字 Chinese character笔划 stroke普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese书法calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting
14、; ink wash painting 武术martial arts中国功夫Kung Fu太极 Tai Chia孔子 Confucius孟子Mencius思想学派school of thought思想核心 the core of ideology代表人物 representative儒家思想 Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture和尚、僧人monk寺庙temple伊斯兰教 Islam清真寺mosque宗教 religion建筑 architecture钟楼bell tower牌坊 memorial archway兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors an
15、d Horses丝绸之路 the Silk Road故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple of Heaven民间故事 folk tale寓言 fable传说 legend凡间human world京剧 Peking Opera脸谱 mask正面角色 positive role木偶戏 puppet show皮影戏 shadow play杂技 acrobatics相声 cross-talk说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing说书 story-telling传统工艺品 traditional handicraf
16、t形状不一 to be of different shapes材质各异 various material质地坚硬 hard texture造型生动 vivid figure色彩丰富 rich colors风格独特 characteristic/unique style刺绣 embroidery泥人clay figure瓷器 porcelain；china陶器 pottery; earthenware青铜器 bronze ware雕刻 to carve图章 seal四、中国传统节日春节 the Spring Festival /Chinese New Year除夕 Chinese New Yea
17、rs Eve年夜饭 annual reunion dinner拜年 to pay a new year call探亲访友to (pay a) visit to relative and friends亲朋好友 relatives and friends大扫除 to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck去除灾难 to ward off evils发红包 to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes欢度. Th
18、e celebration of.; to celebrate春联 spring couples庙会 temple fair民间艺人 folk artists祭神 god-worshiping炮竹，烟火 firecracker; firework(s)年画 (traditional) new year picture压岁钱 new years gift-money元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day/ Festival重阳节 the
19、Double-ninth Day七夕节 the Double-seventh Day舞龙 dragon dance花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle有益的智力活动 beneficial intellectual activity中国结 Chinese knot舞狮lion dance赛龙舟 dragon boat race赏月 to enjoy the full moon登高 hill climbing扫墓 to pay respects to the dead at sbs tomb五、食物及烹饪方法中国菜、中餐 Chinese cuisine烹饪技巧
20、cooking technique煎 to fry炒 to stir-fry炸 to deep-fry烩/闷/炖to stew蒸to steam煮 to boil烘焙 to bake烤 to roast切条to cut to strips切丁to dice切碎 to mince磨碎 to grind饮食习惯 dietary habit特色食品 special food元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed bun包子 steamed stuffed
21、 bun拉面 hand-stretched noodles豆腐 tofu; bean curd麻花 fried dough twist皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg火锅 hot pot原料ingredient猪/牛肉丸pork/ beef ball鸭肉 duck蘑菇 mushroom北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant白酒 Chinese liquor六、旅游交通景点 tourist attraction; scenic spot名胜古迹 places of in
22、terests避暑胜地 summer resort森林公园 forest park自然保护区 nature reserve自然景观 natural scenery人文景观 human landscape壮丽河山 magnificent scenery古典山水园林 classical landscape garden皇家园林 royal garden中外游客 tourists from home and abroad游乐园 amusement park度假 to take a vacation; to go on holiday门票 (entrance) ticket免费景区电子门票 free
23、sightseeing e-coupon星级酒店 star-rated hotel高峰期 rush hour人山人海,人满为患 overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people翻山越岭 to climb mountains and hills受到.的热烈欢迎 to be warmly welcome by.丰富知识 to enrich ones knowledge开阔视野 to broaden ones horizon扩大知识面 to enlarge the scope of knowledge培养独立性 to cultivate indepe
24、ndence运输工具 means of transportation公共交通 public transport地铁站subway station候车室 waiting room扣分处罚 point penalty酒驾 drunk driving终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving护照 passport签章有效期 validity of visa散客 individual visitor团体旅游 group visitor七、地理环境位于.to be located in/that西部地区western regions省会 provincial capital水域面积 w
25、ater area三面环山 to be surrounded by mountains on three sides全长.公里 to stretch for.kilometers面貌焕然一新 to take on a completely new look高原 plateau山峰peak淡水湖 freshwater lake沿海港口 coastal pot植物园 botanical garden气候 climate环境保护 environmental protection提高全民环保意识 raise environment awareness among the general public环
26、保产品 environment-friendly product一次性产品 disposable product开发可再生资源 to develop renewable resources高耗能产业 energy-intensive industry可持续发展 sustainable development生态环境 the ecological environment温室效应 greenhouse effect森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate改善土壤 soil improvement地址灾害 geological disaster灾难 catastrophe; traged
27、y; disaster不幸 misfortune伤亡人员casualty死亡人数 death toll台风typhoon火山爆发 volcanic eruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought污染物 pollutant水土保持 water and soil conservation降雨 rainfall物种灭绝 the extinction of bio-species先污染后治理 to exert control after pollution碳减排 carbon emission reduction温室气体排放在greenhouse gas emission二氧
28、化碳 carbon dioxide新能源汽车 green car废气 exhaust gas汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust发动机排量 engine displacement零排放车辆 zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车 small-displacement car能源消耗 depletion of resources能源危机 energy crisis回收利用 to recycle低碳城市化道路 way to low-carbon urbanization城市化urbanization濒临灭绝/失传 to be on the verge of ext
29、inction/ loss濒临物种 endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelter belt八、商业经济商界business communities互惠互利 mutual benefit共同繁荣 common prosperity 总需求 aggregate/ total demand总供给 aggregate supply供大于求 supply exceeding demand扩大内需 to expand domestic demand购买力purchasing power财政预算 financial budget经济学家 economist企业家
30、 entrepreneur经济全球化 economic globalization区域性只有贸易区regional free trade area经济特区 special economic zone计划经济 planned economy市场经济 market economy市场调节market regulation市场多元化 market diversification推动经贸合作 to boost economic and trade cooperation耐用消费品 durable consumer goods年末促销year-end promotion团购 group buying垄断
31、monopoly垄断行业monopoly industry市场占有率 market share生产力，生产率 productivity经济增长放缓 economic slowdown金融组织 financial institution商业信誉 commercial reputation管理机制 management mechanism国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业 private business民营企业 private-run business中小
32、企业 small and medium-sized enterprises民间资本 private capital民间投资 private investment泡沫经济 bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy通货膨胀inflation实体经济 the real economy外汇储备充 sufficient foreign exchange reserve国内国际贸易 domestic/ international traded对外贸易 foreign trade贸易条件terms of trade不公平竞争 unfair competition海关
33、customs关税 customs duty水货、走私货 smuggled goods产品质量 product quality高度评价 to speak highly of物美价廉 competitive price and superior quality销量、销售额 sales存货、库存量 stocks改善服务 to improve services延长保修期 to extend maintenance制造商、制造厂 manufacturer原材料 raw material样品 sample大规模生产mass production年产量 annual output劳动力密集型产业labor
34、 intensive industry知识密集型产业knowledge intensive industry工作歧视 discrimination in workplace高消耗、高投入 high consumption, high investment沿袭.模式to continue with the model of.住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan分期付款 to pay by installment信贷紧缩 credit squeeze取钱 to withdraw money利率interest rate找工作 to hunt for a job, job
35、-hunting招聘广告 the want ads职位 position; post; job vacancy / opening求职信 application letter工作简历 job resume; CV填写申请表 to fill in / out application form接受职位to accept / take the post接任职位to take over the position工作面试job interview职业前景job prospects就业机会 job opportunity工作待遇pay offer津贴 allowance带薪假 paid vacation伤
36、残保险 disability insurance失业保险 unemployment insurance培训咨询 training consultancy专业技能professional expertise脑力劳动mental work体力劳动 labor /physical work手工劳动 manual labor / work工作时间 working time加班 overtime夜班 night shift零工odd job证券securities汇率exchange prate股票 stock资产 assets利润 profit九、教育普及教育universal education高等
37、教育 higher education象牙塔 ivory tower正规院校regular universities and colleges军校military academy九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education学前教育 preschool education失学儿童dropout文盲 illiteracy; illiterate受过良好教育的 well-educated入学率 enrollment rate适龄儿童入学率enrollment rate for children of school age高考 (university / college)
38、 entrance examination考研 to take the entrance exams for postgraduate school读研 to attend graduate school毕业典礼 commencement / graduation ceremony毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal毕业论文 a graduation dissertation / thesis / paper毕业实习 graduation field work; to go out on internships授予学位 to confer an academic degree o
39、n sb.博士学位 doctors degree硕士学位masters degree学时学位bachelors degree在读博士生 on-job doctorate研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma / graduate degrees diploma中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student在校大学生undergraduate中小学 elementary/primary and middle / secondary schools(大学) 扩招scale expansion扩大招生人数 to enlarg
40、e school enrollment / recruits走读生 extern; non-resident student住校生 boarder课外活动extracurricular activity必修课 required / compulsory course选修课 elective / optional course基础课 basic course专业课 specialized course专业知识 specialized knowledge开设课程 to offer a course课程表school schedule教学大纲teaching program; syllabus学分制
41、 credit system补考 make-up examination学年 school year师资力量teaching faculty应试教育 exam-oriented education (system)推进素质教育 to push ahead with education for all-around development基本实现教育现代化to basically modernize education招生就业指导enrollment ad vocation guidance 竞争激烈 fierce competition评价体系evaluation system选拨官员/人才
42、to select officials / talents海外留学生 overseas student; international student十、科技信息时代 information age信息爆炸 information explosion高科技产品 high-tech product电子设备electronic device智能手机 smart-phone; intelligent handset创新 innovation研发 research and development核心技术 core technology电讯 telecommunication硬件hardware软件sof
43、tware搜索引擎 search engine网页浏览 web browsing即时消息 instant message视频电话video phone文件传输document transmission在线社区online community社交模式 social networking网上冲浪to surf on the Internet网民 netizen活跃用户 active user对.上瘾 to be /get addicted to.计算机病毒computer virus虚拟世界 virtual world网上购物 online shopping电子商务e-commerce消费理念co
44、nsumption concept大众媒体mass media出版商publisher电子版electronic version空间实验室 space laboratory航天飞机shuttle卫星satellite探测器detector十一、社会生活计划生育family planning基本国策a basic national /state policy制定政策to make a policy(政策) 生效、开始实施 to come into force /effect几世同堂的家庭 a family consisting of several generations晚婚晚育 late ma
45、rriage and late childbirth搞好优生优育 to promote good prenatal and postnatal care稳定低生育水平to stabilize the low birth rate简化审批程序 to simplify approval procedures行政管理 administrative management违反规定 a violate a rule / regulation居委会 Community Association挂失 to report the loss补办 to re-apply / re-register / post-register户籍 household registration居住证 residence permit少数民族 ethnic minority过快增长 excessive growth急剧下降 to be on the sharp decline人口稠密/稀少 densely / sparsely populated人口基数/密度/分布 population base /density/ distribution人口出生率 birth rate人口增长的高峰期 baby boom人口素质quality of the population人口老龄