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1、语法专项,- Object Clause 宾语从句,1,一、宾语从句的概念,在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。 宾语从句的句子结构： 主语+谓语+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句,2,二、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,语 序,（主句和从句中的时态）,（从句要用陈述句语序）,时 态,3,（一）连 接 词,1.that (陈述句充当宾语从句，用that引导，that 无词义，往往可以省去。) 2.whether/if（一般疑问句充当宾语从句，用whether/if引导，翻译为“是否”。） 3.连接代词（特殊疑问句充当宾语从句） who whom whose what which 4. 连接副词（特殊疑
2、问句充当宾语从句） when why where how,4,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略,e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour （一小时后他会回来） He said (that) he missed us very much （他非常想念我们） The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun （地球围着太阳转）,1.由that引导的宾语从句,5,e.g. 1. Ask him whether (if) he can come.
3、 （他是否能来） 2. I dont know whether it is going to rain or not.（是否要下雨）,当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.,2.由if和whether引导的宾语从句,6,只能用whether而不能用if 的情况,I dont know _ he will come or not. I dont care of _ he is handsome. He wondered _ to stay here the next week. _ he will come is not decided.,与or /or not 连用只
4、能用whether,介词后只能用whether,与to do 不定式连用只能用whether,作主语只能用whether，whether置于句首,7,3.由连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句,8,1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构:主句+that + 主语 +谓语部分 2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+ if(whether) +主语 +谓语部分 3.当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语 +谓语部分,宾语从句引导词小结,9,一.选择合适的连接词 1 I dont know _or not. A. whether he is at home B. if he is a
5、t home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home 2 This depends on _ the weather is fine. A. which B. whether C. if D. that 3 The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. that,A,B,A,10,4 I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our Englis
6、h. A. why B. when C. how D. where 5 Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David? Yes, Mum A. what B. that C. why D. if 6 Do you know _ Mr. Blacks address is? He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _. A.where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, w
7、here,B,A,C,11,7 There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choose,B,12,(二)时态,1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。 eg: We know (that) Mrs. Chen teaches English. 2.主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种 eg
8、: He asked who could answer the question. 3.当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。 eg: He told the boy that three plus one is four.,13,(三)语序,宾语从句要用陈述句语序 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,14,类型一：语序 1. Did you find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D.
9、whose child she was looking for 2. Are you interested in _? A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it 3. I dont know _. Can you tell me? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are,D,C,D,15,4
10、. What did the scientist say? He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly 5. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is wh
11、ere 6. I hear well have a new teacher this term. Really? Do you know_? A. what subject does he teach B. What subject will he teach? C. what subject is he going to teach D. what subject he teaches,B,C,D,16,类型二：时态 1. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25th _ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has
12、 been D. will be 2. The teacher said that the earth _round the sun. A. goes B. go C. went D. will go 3. I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone,A,A,C,17,4. We d like to tell you that you _the exam. A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass 5.“Could you
13、tell me_?” “ Yes. They _ to the library.” A.where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have been C. where the twins are, have gone D. where the twins were, have gone 6. Our father said that he _ a new computer next week. A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys,A,C,C,18,如果主句的主语是第
14、一人称而且为一般现在时，谓语动词是guess，think,believe,suppose, expect 等时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont think he will come to help us. I believe she can solve the problem, cant she?,否定前移,19,从句的概念,句子成分（主谓宾定状补）通常都是单词，这样的句子叫简单句。 eg：I love English very much.（我非常喜欢英语。） 如果句子里用另一个句子做句子成分，那就是一个复杂句，而做成分的句子叫做从句。 eg：I know that English is not easy for some of you to learn well.(我知道学好英语对于你们中的一些人不容易。) We all like people who are kind and honest.(我们都喜欢那些善良诚实的人。) You can learn English well as long as you work hard.(只要你努力学习，你就可以学好英语。),20,