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1、新课标新高考阅读理解细节理解题解题技巧尽管近几年高考英 中推断 呈不断上升的 ，但 仍然占有 大比例，而且已由 去 的 号入座直接答 向通 句的同 或反 来考 同学 英 言的理解能力，因此 度比往年有所增加。一、 型特点与命 方式所 ，是指原文提到了某事物、 象或理 ， 干 原文具体叙述本身 。一般包括直接理解 （在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和 how等提 。） 化 （需要将 目信息与原文相关信息 行 上的 ，两者存在表达上的差异，有 需要 行加工或整理后方能得出 ）、数字 算 、排列 序 、 表 画 等。 抓住文段中的事 和 是做好 型的
2、关 ，也是做好其它 型 的基 。这 型的 干常 ：When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except 型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息， 或是其
3、 体。 所以，搜 信息在 中非常重要， 它包括理解作者在叙述某事 使用的具体事 、 数据、 表等 信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于 主体展开的 。 做 一般采用 法， 即先 ， 然后 着 快速 短文， 找出与 有关的 或句子， 再 相关部分 行分析 比，找出答案。二、解 思路与 技巧 是 文中某个 、 某句 或某部分具体内容 置 ， 正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成 正确 。通常 的正确 有以下特征：1、 原文句子中的关 行替 。把原文中的一些 成意 相近的 ，成 正确 。2、 性或者 的 化。把原文中的一些 一下 性，或者改 原文句子的 ，给考生制造障碍。3、语言简化
4、。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别， 很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。5、文不对题。这类题最不容易
5、辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。1、直接信息题对此类题型， 考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。【考例】（ 2009 湖南卷， B 篇） 61. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?A. 15 minutes.B. 30 mi
6、nutes.C. 1.5 hours.D. 3 hours.【解析】 A 。直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词How long ， charge up， iPhone，由第一段第一句Just plug RichardSolo1800 intoyour iPhone once or twicea day, forfifteenminutes, and keep your iPhone charged up. 可以得出答案为A 。（ 2009 陕西卷， B 篇） 46. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as _.A. news secreta
7、ry for a congressmanB. a speechwriter for President ClintonC. news secretary in the White HouseD. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala【解析】A 。直接信息 。快速 找 干中的关 the world of politics ，在第三段第二句 找到相关信息：He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman（国会 ）from Baltimore During Bil
8、l Clintons presidency因此答案 A 。2、 接信息 做 目 ，考生需要 原文信息 行加工 理，然后再 行 一步的推理或 ， 是介于事 和推理判断 之 的一种 型， 考生来 有一定 度。【考例】（ 2009 山 卷， A 篇） 57. Which of the following is true of the Hatches?A. They had their children during the Great Depression.B. They left the family farm to live in an old house.C. They gave away t
9、heir possessions to their neighbors.D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs.【解析】 C。 接信息 。 第四段第一句 Hatch 夫 是在大 条 期出生的(Childrenof the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.)，而不是他 在大 条 期有了孩子，排除 A ；第三段提到他 的老房子位于他 家的 里， B ；第二段提到他 帮助有困 的 居 ， 但未提及帮助他 找工作， D 。 C 项说 Hatch 夫
10、 把他 的 全都 了他 的 居 ，符合文意。3、数字 算 数字 算 也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此 是在文章中直接表 出来 事 ，有的要 具体的 算才能 得出正确的答案。 具体的 算 可以是 年代的 算、 月份的 算或比例的 算等。 文章中 常会出 多数字， 它 解 生一定的影响。 解答此 的方法是先来理解文章的大意， 然后 比、 分析、 算等就能 得出正确的答案。【考例】（ 2009 福建卷，B 篇）61. The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be fin
11、ed up to _.A. 60B. 300C. 900D. 980【解析】 D。依据文章第一段可知， 种 款可高达900 英 (Foreign drivers will haveto pay on-the-spot fines of up to900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.)，再依据第二段If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles willbeclamped（扣留） until they pay a
12、nd they will face an additional fee of 80 for getting backtheir vehicles. 可知本题选D，即当场不能交罚款的外国司机罚款的费用是900+ 80=980 英镑。4、排列顺序题这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。【考例】（ 2009 湖北卷， D 篇） 64. Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the proj
13、ect?A. Assessment Prototype Design Construction.B. Assessment Design Prototype Construction.C. Design Assessment Prototype Construction.D. Design Prototype Assessment Construction.【解析】 D 。请看文章第二段：Gerner manages school facilities （设施） for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massachus
14、etts. By 2018, 143,000 additional students will enter the already crowdedpublic-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teamshave nearly finished designing primary school prototypes（样品） ; they plan to construct theirschools starting in 2009. The district willth
15、en assess how well the schools perform, and threewinners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.根据第二段的描述，工程的实施应按照“设计提供样品评估建设”的程序。其它程序都不符合标准的建筑要求。（ 2008 福建卷， A 篇） 59. Whats the right order of the events related to Tanni?a. She works as a coach.b. She took up athletics.c. She won four gold
16、medals in Barcelona.d. She competed in her first Paralympic Games.e. She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.A. b, d, c, e, a B. a, d, b, c, e C. a, d, c, e, b D. b, d, a, e, c【解析】 A 。排列顺序题。本题要求判断各个事件的先后顺序。观察文章的2 6 段，注意几个表示时间的词（组）：1984，1988，1992，in the same year，2007 ，可帮助考生迅速找
17、到答案。5、图表图画题在有图表图画的阅读理解中， 有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中， 有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性， 同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。 在解答此类试题的时候， 一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。【考例】（ 2009 安徽卷， D 篇） 71. The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, _.A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 pointsB. the pe
18、rcentage of the White families with a computer remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase【解析】 D 。请看原文中的柱形图：由柱形图可以清楚地看出， 拥有电脑的亚洲家庭的数量急剧增加， 其他三项表述都与图表不符，故 D 项正确。（ 2007 江苏卷， C
19、篇） 65. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _.【解析】 A 。 所给的四幅图画分别代表了“住宿”、“交通”、“游览”和“餐饮” 。根据文章中“ All F eesIncluded. No Hidden Cost. ”可知这次游览的费用都包含在“Package Fee”里面，没有其它暗含的费用。但是由于这是一个总共5.7 小时的游览，下午乘飞机返回还不耽误吃晚饭和看日落（ in time for dinner and sunset ）可知是不需要住宿的，因此“住宿”的费用不包含在整个费用之内。巩固练习：（ 1）Most people wh
20、o enjoy movies do not really care how they are made. They just want toenjoy a good story. Movie producer and director George Lucas wants people to see the best made movies. So, his latest movie Star Wars was made without using film.Star Wars was made using digital cameras. A digital camera does not
21、use traditional film. Itcaptures images on videotape. The images recorded on videotape are the placed in a computer.George Lucas says that using digital cameras permits him to have much more control overthe final product. For example, the image can be changed after it is placed in a computer. An exp
22、ert can change color, add or take out objects, add people or beings who are not real. Much ofwhat is seen in the new movieStar Wars is not real. Huge buildings, spacecraft and alien beingsfrom other worlds were produced in a computer.Movie experts say digital technology is the real future of the mot
23、ion picture industry.Atheater will no longer have to wait days or weeks to show a new movie. Theaters will be able toreceive copies of new movies by linking computers. Or they will use small computer disks to get acopy of the movie.When the new movieStar Wars was released last month, only 94 theater
24、s around the worldhad the digital equipment needed to show it. So Mr. Lucas company produced about 6,000 copiesof the new digital movie on traditional film for releasein most theaters. However, most peoplewho have seen the movie say these film copies are of much better quality than other filmed movi
25、es.Critics say the new digital technology is very costly. Many theater owners will not buy thenew technology, yet many of the people who worked on the new movie Star Wars say they would not like to work with film again. They said using digital equipment was faster, and videotape ismuch less costly t
26、han film. One cameraman said the director of a movie can immediately see what was just recorded, something impossible to do with film.1. According to George Lucas, what makes the best made movies possible?A. A good story.B. Film.C. Digital cameras.D. Videotape.2. Which is NOT true for the real futur
27、e of the motion picture industry, according to movie experts?A. Linking computers for copies of new movies.B. Showing filmed movies in theaters.C. Using small computer disks to get a copy of the movie.D. Having the digital equipment needed to show the movie.3. According to the passage, which is true
28、 about the new movieStar Wars?4. Which of the following is NOT the advantages of the new digital movie?A. The director can have the objects and people added or taken out.B. It will be more convenient for theaters to get such kind of new movies.C. People all agree that the new digital movies are less
29、 costly than the filmed movies.D. The director can monitor the recording and check what was recorded just now.（ 2）As the US wakes up to China s rising status as an economic and strategic competitor, US parents are urging their children to learn Chinese, reports Julian Borger.The US is being swept by
30、 a rush to learn Mandarin from wealthy New York mothershiring Chinese nannies（保姆）for their small childrento a defence department educationproject in Oregon.The forces drivingMandarinmomentums （势头）are parental ambitionforchildrenfacing a future in which China is almost certain to be a major player, a
31、nd the government isworried about that America may get left behind in that new world.The bottleneck is the supply of teachers. Mandarin instructors are difficult to import anddifficult to train. There are visa problems in bringing over teachers from China but the biggest barrier is cultural. Teachin
32、g in Asia is generally done by rote and the change to western, interactive styles of instruction can be a large leap.On the other hand, it requires enormous firmness for westerners to learn a language likeChinese, with its thousands of written characters. According to the Asia Society in New York,al
33、l of Ame ricateachers-traininginstitutions turn out only a couple of dozen homegrownMandarin teachers.One way to ease the shortage is to find native Mandarin speakers and use fast-track methods to train them. However, the majority of Chinese-Americans grew up speakingCantonese, the dialect spoken in
34、 Hong Kong, where their parents came from. Many are themselves signing on as Mandarin students at the private language schools springing up on the west coast.1. Why are US parents so eager to make their children learn Mandarin?A. They are urged by the government to do so.B. They are afraid to be lef
35、t behind by other parents.C. They believe China will play a major role in the future world.D. They are just carried away by Mandarin s momentum.2. The underlined word “ rote in”the 4th paragraph probably refers to a teaching patternwhich.A. focuses on memory workB. allows the students to think indep
36、endentlyC. is centered on interactive skillsD. puts much emphasis on examinations3. What is the main problem in the Mandarin A. The lack of qualified teachers. s momentum in the US?B. The cultural barrier between the east and west.C. The Americans lack of firmness.D. The many written Chinese charact
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