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1、英语十大词类,实词(6)：名n.代prep. 、数num. 、动与形副虚词(4):冠、介、连、感叹,名词复数构成规则,名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s;辅音字母+y型，变y为i,es;ch,sh真有趣，s,x,es;f,fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记；字母o来真神奇，有生命来es,没有生命+s. 读音规则：清音/s/, 元浊/z/ 以-s，-x, -ch,-sh结尾/s/, /z/, /t /, /d / 构成复数加es,读/-iz/ 以-ce,-se,-ze(dge)结尾, 构成复数加s,读/-iz/,写出下列词的复数形式,book boy break volunteer month
2、 bus box watch wish,orange piece house face tomato potato photo radio,city baby body facetory worry century diary country duty dictionary family story,可数名词复数特殊变化规律2：,中日好友来聚会，绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。男士、女士a变e；牙（齿）、脚双o变双e;孩子们想去天安门，原形后面r、 e 、n;老鼠本来爱大米，mice,ice和rice. 注：中Chinese,日Japanese，好友people.绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish （
3、这些单词单复数一样）man-menwoman-women tooth-teethfoot-feetchild-childrenmouse-mice,可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语,修饰可数名词的常用修饰语: 1.修饰可数名词单数：a/an, one, this, that 2.修饰可数名词复数：two 及其他数字 these这些, those那些, few几乎没有, a few有一点, many许多, more, most a good /great many,大量 a great /good number of,修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语: this这, that那, little几乎没有,
4、a little有一点, a bit of一点儿, much许多, more, most a great deal of, 大量 a large amount of大量 量词：a cup of /a piece of two cups of/two pieces of,名词所有格,1.大卫的叔叔 Davids uncle 2.我妹妹的邮票 my sisters stamp 3.双胞胎的书房 the twins study 4.老师们的办公室 the teachers office 5.妇女节 Womens Day,6.孩子们的业余爱好 the childrens hobbies 7.他的笔友的
5、信 his penfriends letter 8.这本书的名字 this books name 9.我表弟的电话号码 my cousins telephonenumber 10.邮电局的大门 the post offices door 11Jane and Roberts class. 共同的 12. Janes and Roberts class 各自的,必须用of 所有格的情形：,用于无生命的事物时： the subject of the sentence 句子主 表同位关系时：the City of Beijing 北京市 当中心词是名词化的名词时： the life of the p
6、oor 穷人的生活 当of 所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时：Mr White is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 怀特先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师。,冠词,冠词的定义 ：冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。 冠词的分类： 冠词分为不定冠词“a，an”、定冠词“the”和零冠词三种。零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。 不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。,不定冠词,不定冠词的用法-1 不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音开头的词前，an用在以元音 开头的词前。判断一个
7、词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。,元音开头的可数名词前用an :,an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an egineer/ an hour an X-ray,This is ( ) S. This is ( ) “S”.,无引号重字母，有引号重读音。,a unit a
8、useful book an uncle/ an aunt,an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / an English book,定冠词的用法： （1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. （2）复述上文提到的人或物： He has a sweater. The sweater is new. （3）谈话双方都知道的人或物： The boys arent at school. （4）在序数词前： the+序数词
9、Johns birthday is on February the second. （5）用于世界上独一无二的事物： the sun, the moon, the earth （6）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening play the piano/guitar,不用冠词的情况：,（1）专有名词前：China is a big country. （2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball. （3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys ca
10、nt swim. They are teachers. （4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday. （5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30. （6）球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well. （7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music. （8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li. （9
11、）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus,和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 进行球类运动 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球 某些固定的表达法 in the morning 在早上 in the af
12、ternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往.去的路上,冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划/。 1Does Jim have _ruler？ Yes，he has one,1Does Jim have _ruler？ Yes，he has _ Aan；some Ba；one Ca； Dany；one (第一空是泛指；第二空的one是不定代词，用以替代前面的ruler。) 2There is
13、_ old bike _old bike is Mr. Zhaos Aan ；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The 3 _apple a day keeps the doctors away AThe BA CAn DTwo,B,A,c,这是一句谚语，意思是“一天吃一个苹果，用不着看医生。”,选择填空。,4How many books do you have？ I have _ bookThats _ English book Aa；an Ba；one Cone；an Done；one 5At that time Tom was _one-year-old baby Aa B
14、an Cthe D,c,A,one强调数量，用以回答“Howmany？”问句；第二个空是泛指，故用an。,one虽以元音字母开头，但以辅音音素w开头，故填a。,6Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？ A； B；the Cthe； Da； 7We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe； Ca； D； 8 It is _useful book ！Ive read it for _ hour. A an;an B a; an C a ; a Dan, the,A,B,B,在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般
15、都加定冠词the；at night“在夜晚”，注意该短语中没有冠词。,Be的用法,我(I)用am，你(you)用are， is总是跟着他(he)她(she)它(it); 单数is，复数are，复数则会有变化(s/es) 变否定很容易，be后not就搞定， 一般要用缩写式，isnt，arent请记住。 变疑问,be提前， 句首大写要注意，句后问号莫迟疑； 要回答很简单，肯定Yes，否定No。 Yes后面用全写， 否定一般用缩写。,一、用be的适当形式填空。, _ student _ your father a worker Yes, he _ They _ in the classroom Th
16、is _ an apple Where _ my books 6 We _friends.,am,Is,is,are,is,are,are,7.You _ a good student. 8.These _her pears. 9.How much _the T-shirt? 10.How much _ the socks? 11.Our mother _forty. 12.You can _ in our school music club. I want to _ a teacher.,are,are,is,are,is,be,be,Lets _friends. He and I _fri
17、ends. Tina _ a student. Mary and Tom _ students. Someone _ in the room. Everyone _ here. Who _ your brother? When _ your uncles birthday?,be,are,is,are,is,is,is,is,将下列句子变成否定句,I am a student. _ You are John. _ He is my Chinese teacher. _ She is my cousin. _,I am not a student.,You are not John.,He is
18、 not my Chinese teacher.,She is not my cousin.,变否定很容易，be后not就搞定，,一般要用缩写式， isnt，arent请记住。,You arent John.,She isnt my cousin.,5. It is red. _ 6. We are classmates. _ 7. You are her friends. _ 8. They are my parents. _,9. This is my sister. _ 10. That is a pencil. _ 11. These are my trousers. _ 12. Th
19、ose are his shoes. _,My pencil box is in my school bag. _ Ginas books are everywhere. _ Soccer is easy for me. _ The socks are seven dollars. _ Yellow sweaters are 12. _,My birthday is on May 2nd. _ Im twelve. (Im=I am) _ School day is on October 3rd. _ This is a busy term. _ My favorite subject is
20、science. _,My geography teacher is Mrs. Qin. _ His Chinese class is on Monday. _ History is interesting. _ Math is useful. _,将下列句子变成一般疑问句,变疑问,be提前， 句首大写要注意，句后问号莫迟疑； 要回答很简单，肯定Yes，否定No。 Yes后面用全写， 否定一般用缩写。,将下列句子变成一般疑问句,并作肯定否定回答。,I am a student. _ You are John. _ He is my Chinese teacher. _ She is my co
21、usin. _,Are you a student?,Am I John?,Is he your Chinese teacher?,Is she your cousin?,Yes, I am. No, Im not.,Yes, you are. No, you arent.,Yes, he is. No, he isnt.,Yes, she is. No, she isnt.,5. It is red. _ 6. We are classmates. _ 7. You are her friends. _ 8. They are my parents. _,This is my sister.
22、 _ That is my pencil. _ These are my trousers. _ Those are his shoes. _,My pencil box is in my school bag. _ Ginas books are everywhere. _ Soccer is easy for me. _ The socks are seven dollors. _ Yellow sweaters are 12. _,My birthday is on May 2nd. _ Im twelve.(Im=I am) _ School day is on October 3rd
23、. _ This is a busy term. _ My favorite subject is science. _,My geography teacher is Mrs. Qin. _ His Chinese class is on Monday. _ History is interesting. _ Math is useful. _,代词,人称代词主格：作主语（一般在句首）,I我 you 你，还有he she it 他她它； 我用am,你用are, is 总是跟着he she it 他她它 We 我们, you你们，they 他们 有“们”是复数，跟are一起不会错。,代词宾格：
24、宾格作宾语，一般接在动词后（love),爱我, 爱我， love me , love me ； 爱你，爱你，love you ，love you ； 爱他，爱他，love him ，love him ； 爱她，爱她，love her ，love her ； 爱它， 爱它，love it ，love it ； 爱我们，爱我们，love us, love us 爱你们，爱你们，love you, love you 爱他们，爱她们，爱它们， love them, love them, love them. 人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。 ( I ) like ( her ), and (
25、she ) likes ( me ) , too. 我喜欢她，她也喜欢我。,形容词物主代词（的）+名词,我的，我的，my, my, my; 你的，你的，your, your, your; 他的his，她的 her，动物它的是 its, our, our, 我们的， your, your, 你们的， their, their, 他们的，她们的，它们的,名词性物主代词=形容词物主代词（的）+名词,我的mine, 你的yours, 他的his,她的hers, 它的its, 我们的，我们的ours, 你们的，你们的yours, 他们的，她们的，它们的theirs. mine=my + n. yours
26、=your +n. his = his + n. its= its +n. ( This is your ruler, it is not mine.这是你的尺子，不是我的。 This is my book, and that is his./ his book.) hers= her +n. ours=our +n. yours=your +n. theirs= their +n.,(二) 选词填空：,1. -Whats _ name? (you / your ) _ -_ name is Bob. ( My / I / me) 2. _ erasers are in _drawer. (h
27、er / she / Her / She) 3. Can _(you / your ) do _ (you / your ) homework?,your,My,Her,her,you,your,4. _ is a cat. _ name is Mimi. ( it / its / It / Its ) 5. _ brother can speak Japanese. (Hes / His / He ) 6. Please take _ keys to school. _ are on the table. ( they / their / them / They / Their / Them
28、 ),It,Its,His,their,They,7. _ is thirteen years old. _ birthday is March 1st. (He / His / Him) 8. _ favorite vegetable is tomato. (her / she / Her / She) 9. Can you help _ ?( we / us / our) Please take _ to school. ( they / their / them) 10. _ cant see _baseball. Its behind _. ( My / I / me / my ),He,His,Her,us,them,I,my,me,