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10、ystem to realize information resources sharing; to expand the breadth and depth of the portal system, information system of Enterprise Management Assistant role to play; to improve the day-to-day operation and maintenance operation record of promoting causes and transfer system; to strengthen the tr
11、aining东 北 大 学课程设计报告课程名称: 电器控制基础与可编程控制器 自 2014 12 20日 期: 年 月 日至 2015 01 09 信息 学院 自动化 专业 2012 年级组长：姓名（学号）组员：姓名（学号）提交日期：2015年1月9日 supervision in large and medium goods vehicle. A is established large vehicles and small vehicles classification management of motor vehicle test mode, increased medium van
12、car, and dangerous goods transport car, and school car test project; II is established motor vehicle test regulatory platform, achieved motor vehicle test full process video, and data remote regulatory; three is strictly motor vehicle identification management, equipped with unified of identificatio
13、n equipment and tool, using mobile identification Terminal, and law enforcement records instrument, technology identification means. As to 20XX years June 20 statewide motor vehicle keep volume for 567,408 car, and last year earlier than growth 75,814 car, growth 13.36%; this year January-June, vehi
14、cles management section and license archives management section total accepted the motor vehicle registration business 42,543 car times, which registered registration 6,905 car times, and transfer registration 3,592 car times, and change registration 1033 car times, and mortgage registration 696 car
15、 times, and cancellation registration 187 car times, and into business 980 car times, and Archives corrections 81 pieces times, and issued test qualified logo 25,429 car times, and other vehicles business 3,640 car times; supervision Survey Section relies on motor vehicle detection remote issued tes
16、t qualified logo software platform supervision motor vehicle test, and identification situation 7418l liangci, investigation motor vehicle exception business 30 car times, his pards business warning 244 article, vehicles and driving people sound video regulatory screenshots 1852 Zhang, checks motor
17、vehicle archives 716 pieces times, and medium bus, and medium above truck, and Of hazardous chemicals, vehicles and school buses and other key vehicle inspection record of 420. (C) based on their own, and strict adherence to defense, more cheating, false false fugitive suspects, robbery suspect vehi
18、cles and the Internet crackdown. DMV full play to the first line of Defense position control, investigating cheating, fake identification and robbery suspect vehicles through operational work, and carefully examine the documents and legal proof, check traffic violations, traffic accidents, the fugit
19、ive suspect suspected vehicles and theft than to work, further tight car, driving management business formalities review procedures. . Truck driver information management platform. Motor vehicles and traffic police departments, State transport authority to further clarify the Division of labour, imp
20、lementation responsibility, strengthen our collaboration and management together, reinforcing the management of drivers on which strongly synthetic warfare and information warfare. 3 strictly implemented. From May 1 up, a is implemented complex road and bad weather driving exam, currently DMV is urg
21、ed contractors party in treasures driving school increased simulation Highway, and continuous urgent detours, and snow days, and wet sliding road, and burst situation disposal, subjects II field to driving exam project, is expectedIII第一章、引言1.1 课程设计的目的 由于PLC具有可靠性高，抗干扰能力强，编程简单，功耗低、维护方便等优点，现在PLC被广泛的应用于
22、军事，工业领域。 本设计以某钢铁企业生产冷却供水系统为背景，以小组为单位进行讨论设计。通过这个设计过程使小组成员回顾PLC基本知识并熟悉PLC控制系统的整体设计过程。1.2课程设计的任务 本设计以某钢铁企业生产冷却供水系统为背景进行。该系统水塔高50m，有2台水泵机组，一用一备。每台水泵机组由额定电压为交流380V的三台水泵供水。 水塔内正常水位的控制由安装在水箱内的上、下液位开关进行检测，设定水位的变化为2m，水位检测可以采用液位继电器、液位变送器等液位测量装置。 供水系统按照以下控制要求运行。 （1）电机额定运行时定子绕组为连接，采用Y-变换降压启动，降压启动安全运行的转换时间为5S。三台
23、电机按照错开原则启动，第一台电动机M1启动全压运行10s后，第二台电动机M2才能启动；第二台电动机M2启动10s后，第三台电动机M 3才能启动。 （2）采用手动和自动两种工作方式。 手动方式是由操作者分别启动每台水泵机组。 自动方式下，水泵的启停控制由液位开关自动控制。 （3）正常情况下，2台水泵机组一用一备，为防止备用泵的长期闲置，操作台上可用按钮任意切换。 （4）系统应具有过载、短路保护及其他必须的保护功能。当任一电机出现故障时，应立即切换备用机工作，同时停止故障电机运行。 （5）控制台上应能对水泵运行状态、液位信号进行显示（此功能为选作部分）。 1.3课程设计的要求1.31技术要求： （
24、1）分别设计传统继电接触控制系统和PLC系统。 （2）设计电气原理图（包括必要的主电路和控制电路）。 （3）根据控制要求，选择合适的设备及元器件，给出所选元器件的型号、规格、数量、市场参考报价等，同时给出选型依据。 （4）在PLC设计时，限定选用西门子S7-300系列产品；给出PLC控制系统的原理图、接线图；给出元器件分配表；编写PLC程序设计。 1.32报告要求（1）以现有组别为单位，按小组完成设计，每个小组需提供一份设计报告，并由组长负责给出小组成员的分工、工作量及完成质量，报告格式参考东北大学信息学院自动化专业实习报告格式要求。 （2）所有图纸可以手绘制或标准打印。 （3）其他设计过程可
25、以手写，也可以打印。 （4）梯形图用Step-7软件编写，并粘贴在报告中。 （5）组间不允许互相抄袭，否则全部记为零分。 （6）设计方案上交截止时间为2015年1月9日10时，转换成PDF版本在BB平台上进行提交电子版，同时提交纸版（由各班班长或学委研究，委托1人于2015年1月9日10时前送到信息学馆323房间）。 1.4成员分工情况1.41成员分工1.42成员工作评判第2章.正文2.1工艺分析 如图，水塔内通过液位继电器检测液位高低来控制水泵机组的工作，在本系统中采用两种方式来控制电机的动作。方式一：人为手动控制。方式二：利用液位开关实现对电机的自动控制。(低于下液位开关时水泵机组工作向水
26、塔注水，当液位高于上液位开关时水泵机组停止工作)。水泵机组共两组，一组工作，一组备用。图 2-1 水泵机组工艺流程图2.2工作原理2.21过程分析 本系统对水泵的控制采用两种方式，方式一：手动控制，方式二：液位继电器自动控制。当手动按动启动按钮或者水位低于设定的水位下限时，水泵机组启动运行。两种方式可以通过开关任意切换。水泵机组电机电机额定运行时定子绕组为连接，电机采用Y变换降压启动，其中降压启动安全运行的转换时间为5s，且三台电机按照错开原则启动，第一台电动机M1启动全压运行10s 后，第二台电动机M2 才能启动；第二台电动机M2启动10s 后，第三台电动机M3 才能启动。工作水泵机组与备用
27、水泵机组能够任意切换。电动机的分级启动使用通电延时继电器实现。若电动机运行过程中出现故障，则故障的电动机停止运行，故障指示灯发光，同时自动切换到备用机组。2.22 电气原理图图 2-2 机组一主电路图 2-3 机组二主电路图 2-4 机组一控制电路图 2-5 机组二控制电路图 2-6 指示灯控制电路2.23系统接线图2.24梯形图图 2-7 机组控制电路图 2-8 指示灯控制电路梯形图I0.0I0.1I0.2I0.3I0.4I0.5I0.6I0.7SQ1SQ2SB3QK0SB2SB1SB0SB4I1.0I1.1I1.2I1.3I1.4I1.5I1.6I1.7FR1FR2FR3FR4FR5FR6
28、I2.0I2.1I2.2I2.3I2.4I2.5I2.6I2.7SB6SB5SB10SB7SB8SB11SB9SB12I3.0I3.1I3.2I3.3I3.4I3.5I3.6I3.7SB13SB14Q6.0Q6.1Q6.2Q6.3Q6.4Q6.5Q6.6Q6.7KM1KM2KM3KM4KM5KM6KM7KM8Q7.0Q7.1Q7.2Q7.3Q7.4Q7.5Q7.6Q7.7KM9KM10KM11KM12KM13KM14KM15KM16Q8.0Q8.1Q8.2Q8.3Q8.4Q8.5Q8.6Q8.7KM17KM18KM19KM20L1L2L3L4Q9.0Q9.1Q9.2Q9.3Q9.4Q9.5Q9
29、.6Q9.7表2.1 地址分布2.3器件选择2.31器件报价表型号订货号单价（元）数量总价（元）PS307 5A6ES7307-1EA01-0AA0 1250.011250.0CPU313C6ES7313-5BF03-0AB04283.014283.0DI/DO 1616 24V6ES7223-1BL22-0XA81000.033000.0总价8533.0表2.2 PLC选型器件品牌 型号单价（元）数量总价（元）PLC西门子S7-3008533.0电动机帆湖ISG32-125A560.063360.0时间继电器创卓JS14P20.010200.0热继电器YUEHUIKEJISSR-3-380D
30、25120.06720.0液位开关ELECALLEM15-211.5223.0熔断器芬隆电器RSF270.041080.0按钮施耐德ZB2-BA3C3.81557.0急停按钮施耐德ZB2BS54C20.0240.0开关施耐德XD2PA22CR6.016.0指示灯上海二工AD16-16C1.3810.4总价14029.4表 2.3 器件选择2.32选型依据首先我们根据题目要求，由于是简单注水系统，所以我们选用了CPU313C（64K内存、订货号6ES7313-5BF03-0AB0）。然后确定水泵的型号，根据水泵的电流参数选择继电器、开关、按钮等元器件。第2章.收获与感想这次设计的是钢铁企业生产冷
31、却供水系统，此系统由于需要水泵机组即电机长时间运行，还有水位测定控制电机启停等要求，传统继电控制系统本身存在一些线路复杂、故障率高、维护工作量大、可靠性差、灵活性差等缺点，把PLC加入此系统的设计，减少了电器箱的电器元件，简化了电气控制线路，降低了系统电气的故障率，同时提高了生产效率。经过仿真测试表明，该PLC控制系统设计合理、性能稳定，达到了预期的设计目的。从而保证了电控系统的快速性、准确性、合理性，更好地满足了实际生产的需要，提高了经济效益。 经过这次钢铁企业生产冷却供水系统设计，我们学到很多很多的的东西，不仅巩固了以前所学过的知识，而且学到了很多在书本上所没有学到过的知识。而且通过这次课
32、程设计使我们懂得了理论与实际相结合是很重要的，只有理论知识是远远不够的，只有把所学的理论知识与实践相结合起来，从理论中得出结论，才能真正的学到知识，从而提高自己的实际动手能力和独立思考的能力。 在课程设计过程中，我们对PLC梯形图以及用到的各种器件及其市场价格有了更好的了解，也让我们更加了解了关于PLC设计原理与方法。有很多设计理念来源于实际，从中找出最适合的设计方法。这次设计脱离不了集体的力量，遇到问题和组员互相讨论交流。这样，我们可以互相交流设计方法以至达到更适合的设计方法，同时讨论不仅是一些思想的问题，多改变自己设计的方法，在设计的过程中最好要不停的改善解决问题的方法，这样可以方便解决问题。在设计的过程中，我们用了分工与合作的方式，每个人互责一定的部分，同时在一定的阶段共同讨论，以解决分工中个人不能解决的问题。通过这次设计实践。我们对PLC的工作原理和使用方法有了更深刻的理解。在对理论的运用中，提高了我们的工程素质，在没有做实践设计以前，我们对知道的掌握都是思想上的，对一些细节不加重视，当我们把自己想出来的方案实施时，问题出现了。能够解决一个个在设计中出现的问题，我们对PLC 的理解得到加强，看到了实践与理论的差距。- 17 -