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1、Unit 1,Revise the Infinitive,Do you believe I used to be very fat?,Its hard for you _ now. _ is to believe.,To see,to believe that,How can you believe?,The infinitive,Try to find the sentences which contain the infinitives.,Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very ou
2、tgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.,2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football. 3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker. 4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds. 5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to s
3、chool so my education suffered.,6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. 7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.,8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while. 9. Just accept them for who the
4、y are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,不定式由“to + do (动词原形)”构成, 其否定形式是“not to do”, 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。,The definition of infinitive,1. 主语 (subject) 2. 表语 (predicative) 3. 宾语 (object) 4. 宾补 (object complement) 5. 定语 (attribute) 6. 状语 (adver
5、bial) 7. 独立结构 (absolute construction),To keep smiling is healthy for you.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.,若不定式太长, 往往用it作形式主语, 不定式后置。,1. 不定式作主语(subject),My job to protect the world.,is,2. 不定式作表语(predicative),Seeing is to believe. To
6、see is believing. To see is to believe.,不定式常用在系动词be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。,All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.,如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。,Lin Shuhao likes to play basketball. I find it still necessary (for him) _ if he wants to win.,句型：think / consider / find /+ it +
7、 adj. + to do,to work hard,某些动词后往往用it作形式宾语, 不定式后置。,3. 不定式作宾语(object),agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend,
8、threaten, want, wish + to do,常见动词不定式作宾语的动词有：,sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed,e.g. Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.,Look at the sentences and find the rules.,不定式可以用在某些形容词后作宾语，如：,My mum asks me
9、to play the piano two hours every day.,4. 不定式作宾补 (object complement),The teacher told me _ _.,+ sb. to do sth.,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force, expect ,to clean the blackboard,引导不定式作宾补的动词,1. 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后； 2. 使役动词 (let, have, make)后。,不定式作宾补时不带t
10、o的情况,五看(watch, see, look at, notice, observe)三使 (make, let, have)二听(listen to, hear)一感觉 (feel),1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.,Mother made John wash the car.,John was made to wash the car.,以上的动词用于被动式，to 要还原,Comparison,1. It is looking
11、 for a suitable coat to wear. 2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.,5. 不定式作定语(attribute),不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名 词或代词之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.,Detailed explanation,2. 当名词被the first, the last, the only 等词以及形
12、容词最高级修饰时 e.g. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.,3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定 式作后置定语。,4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需加 适当的介词。 e.g. Please pass me some paper to write _.,on,1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ 2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（
13、不定式to send的动作执行者是you）,（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是 已被省略的me或someone else）,e.g. I got up early _.,in order to, so as to, enough to, only to,to catch the train,在一些短语 中也有体现:,6. 不定式作状语(adverbial),He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.,2. He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to be
14、lieve it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.,3. He woke up only to find that he was sleeping outdoors.,不定式作状语的作用,表示目的,表示结果,出乎意思的结果,To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.,to be frank to be honest to tell the truth,7. 独立结构(absolute construction),1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my
15、ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.,Identify its function,subject,subject,predicative,4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only st
16、udent in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.,attribute,attribute,object,object,8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on lo
17、cal government to give financial assistance to disabled people.,adverbial,adverbial,object complement,to do,to have done,to be doing,to have been doing,to be done,to have been done,I am glad to see you. He has decided to give her some money. 表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作 或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是 在它之后发生。,I am very glad t
18、o be working with you. He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him. 表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动 作同时发生。,He happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese. 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作 或状态之前。,主动语态 to do 被动语态 to be done It is an honor for me to be invited to att
19、end the meeting. Everyone likes the hero to be praised.,Something worth your attention,stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 doing sth. 停止做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 doing sth. 忘记已做了某事 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 doing sth. 记得曾经做某事,e.g. The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal wi
20、th.,1. 主语 + be + adj. + to do,能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome (使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.,The box is light enough to carry. The river water is warm enough to swim in.,2. 主语 + be + adj. + enough + to do,The books seemed
21、 too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.,3. 主语 + be + too + adj. + to do,Living well means enjoying the same rights and the same opportunities for a good life. Complete the passage below about a man who helped give opportunities to black people in 19th-century England. Remember to use i
22、nfinitives correctly.,William Wilberforce was a great man. He is know _ (spend) eighteen years fighting for slaves. _ (free) slaves was a very kind man, who did not like _ (see) people going hungry or in pain. He wanted to do some good in the world. The cause which attracted him most was the aboliti
23、on of the slave trade.,to have spend,To free,to see,Africans were taken from their homes and sold in markets. A master was able by law _ (treat) his servants as he wished even working them to death if he wanted to. Wilberforce was not the only person that was interested in this cause, but he was in
24、politics and so able _ (help pass) the law which made it illegal.,to treat,to help pass,Finally the slave trade was abolished in 1807. Wilberforce then resigned from government in 1825 and died in 1833, just after the law was passed which was eventually _ (abolish) slavery in England.,to abolish,Hav
25、e you ever wished to go back in time and meet famous people from the past? They might be leaders, pioneers or writers of great literature. In pairs discuss who you would like to have met.,Pair work,S1: Who would you like to have met / seen / spoken to / talked with /? S2: Id like to have met / seen
26、/ spoken to / talked with / S1: Why would you choose him/her? S2: Id like to have asked him/her,Example:,观察下列各句，说出划线部分在句中充 当什么句子成分。 1.It is not easy to learn English well. 2.He decided to buy that interesting novel the next day. 3.He was the last one to come into the meeting room yesterday.,主语,宾语,定语
27、,4.We often hear him read aloud near the river every morning. 5.Her dream is to win a gold medal in the 2012 London Olympic Games. 6.Little Oliver was made to steal money from passersby.,表语,补语,补语,7.They hurried to the station, only to find that the train had just left. 8.Lee Lei makes it a rule to g
28、et up early every morning.,状语,宾语,请完成下列对话。 1. A: Hello, Kevin, how was your summer holiday? You seem to have enjoyed a fantastic one. B: Yes, of course. I went to Mountain Tai with my family. _ _ (它确实是个值得去的好地方). To share it with you, I took a lot of pictures. And I have something interesting to tell
29、you. A: Great!,It is really a good place to visit,2. A: Julia, I have a meeting to attend tomorrow, so I will fly to Wuhan. _ (有没有什么东西需要给你带的)? B: No thanks. Oh, by the way, did you go to Stefanie Suns concert yesterday?,Do you have anything to be taken for you,A: I hurried to the ticket office yeste
30、rday, _ _(却被告知票已卖完了).,only to be told there was no ticket left,1. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing . but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face. A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost,单项填空,答案为B。动词不定式作表语，系动词seem后接动词不定式作表语，此处表示“正在失去面对面交流的技巧”，故用动词不定式的进行式。,2. I
31、ts important for the figures _ regularly. A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated,答案为A。动词不定式作补语，宾语the figures与update之间是被动关系，而且谈及的是日常规律的事情，因此用动词不定式的一般式的被动式。,3. Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep,
32、答案为D。动词不定式作状语 ，to keep the little sick bird作状语，表示谓语部分made a big bamboo box的目的。,4. The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed,答案为C。动词不定式作定语 ，to express an idea为后置定语，修饰ability。,Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible.,