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1、定语从句中常见错误例析在使用定语从句过程中,有些学生往往会出现这样或那样的错误.为避免这些错误,现对一些常见错误作以归纳： 1 从句中多余宾语误 The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.正 The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth.上例中,关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,可省去,因此,从句中宾语it多余. 2 从句中缺少主语误 He is the professor gave us
2、 a speech yesterday.正 He is the professor who gave us a speech yesterday.关系代词who 或that在定语从句中做主语不能省略,否则,句子结构不完整. 3 从句中主谓不一致误I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.正I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.定语从句中,关系代词做主语时,应注意主谓一致,也就是说,根据先行词的人称和数来确定从句中谓语动词的形式.如：-I just spoke to t
3、he doctor who is an eye specialist.He was the only one of youngest girls who plays in the band.4搭配错误误Dont talk about such things that you do not understand.正Dont talk about such things as you do not understand.在suchas结构中,as所引导的中定语从句时,不能用其它关系代词代替,但在the sameas结构中,如属同类则用as,如: 如Youve made the same mista
4、ke as I did ,not changed ,not another or others作之意时,则需用that，如Youve made the same mistake that you made last time。5关系代词误用（1） what与that误用误All what she could do was to go back home.正All that she could do was to go back home.what一词不能引导定语从句.当先行词是all时,应用关系词that引导定语从句,另外,有些复合不定代词（如nothing everything:等）作先行词
5、,或先行词受形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,关系代词常用that而不用which.如:They asked him to tell them everything that he saw in the factory.（2） Who与 whom误用误The citizens ,most of who were workers ,welcomed the new mayor.正The citizens ,most of whom were workers ,welcomed the new mayor.关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰人时用Whom;同样,关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰物
6、时用 which 如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms（3） that与which误用误Tom s dog, that was very old now, became ill and died,正Toms dog, which was very old now , became ill and died非限制定语从句,用关系代词which引导.（4） that 与who误用误They talked about an hour of things and person
7、s who theyre membered in the school.正They talked about an hour of things and persons that theyre membered in the school.先行词在多个,且既是人又是物时,要用关系代词that引导定词从句6关系代词与关系副词混淆误Ive been to the city where you visited last week.正Ive been to the city that you visited last week定词从句修饰代表地点、时问的先行词时,要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否
8、作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语,就要用关系代词that 或which引导定语从句.反之,要用关系副词 where（表地点）或 when（表时间）,在定语从句中作状语.如:Mary would never forget the evening when she lost the beautiful necklace7先行词混淆误Is this museum that you visited the other day?正Is this museum the one you visited the other day?该例中This museum 为主语,并非先行词.照句子结构缺少表语the o
9、ne,即定语从句所修饰的先行词.8定词从句与强调句混淆误Is it in this museum where he works?正Is it in this museum that he works?上例为强调句.需要记住的是,强调句型为止It is/was+被强调部分+that/who不能与定语从句混淆.9遗漏介词误The person whom I spoke just now is the manager正The person whom I spoke to just now is the manager.该句的汉语意思是:“刚才和我说话的那个人是经理.”根据句意,定语从句中的关系代词w
10、hom在句子成分上就无处可放,无法解释.又如:This is the room that we lived last year.应改为:This is the room that we lived in last year（关系代词that作介词in的宾语,故不能遗漏）10错用先行词前面的限定词误My house which/that I bought last year has a lovely garden before it正The house which/that I-bought last year has a lovely garden before it.正My house,wh
11、ich I bought last year, has a lovely garden before it,11错用关系词.有以下几种情况:（1）物主代词his不能引导定语从句 误I met Tom ,under his arm there was a book .正I met Tom ,under whose arm there was a book .（2）应该用关系词which而不用人称代词it .误He lived in a house,in front of it stands a tall tree .正 He lived in a house,in front of which stands a tall tree .(3) 应该用关系词whom,不应该用人称代词宾格them .误I have two brothers ,all of them are in Beijing .正I have two brothers,all of whom are in Beijing .