形容词讲解.doc

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1、形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。二、两种形容词He has a new bike. It looks nice.他有一辆新的自行车。它看起来很不错。1.性质形容词直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词。它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如:hot(热的)、happy(快乐的)、beautiful(美丽的)。这类形容词是大多数。The beautiful girl spoke excellent English. (作定语)The girl is beautiful.(作表语)这个女孩很漂

2、亮。Well try our best to make our school beautiful.(作宾语补足语)2.叙述形容词因为这类形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类,如:afraid(害怕的)、alone(单独的)、asleep(睡着的)、alive(活着的)、awake(醒着的),以及worth(值得的)、unable(不可能的)、ill(病的)。She is ill.她病了。The boy is afraid of his father.这个男孩怕他爸爸。The ill man was afraid

3、 of death.()The sick man was afraid of death.()这个病人害怕死亡。3.还有一类形容词是说明事物间的关系或事物的用途、时间、方位的,这类形容词通常没有级的变化,也不能用程度副词修饰。Chinese 中国的eastern 东方的三、形容词的位置There is something wrong with this watch.这只手表有点故障了。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰不定代词(以-thing 为字尾的词语)时,要放在这些词语之后。We saw something white in the dark. Is there

4、 anything important in the newspaper?There is nothing(=isnt anything)important in the newspaper.注意no = notany nothing= notanything四、需注意的形容词用法1.形容词和定冠词有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物。这时,它相当于一个名词,可以作主语或宾语。表示一类人时,看作复数;表示一类事物时,看作单数。Robin Hood hated the rich and loved the poor.罗宾汉憎恨富人(们),热爱穷人们。The wounded(old) ar

5、e well looked after.伤兵们(老人们)受到很好的照顾。We all love the beautiful.我们都喜欢美丽的东西(事物)。必背!the young年轻人the sick病人the deaf聋子 the blind盲人the aged老人the smooth 顺利的the impossible 不可能的事2.形容词的顺序如果有冠词(a, an, the)或代词(my, this ,that)修饰时,词序为:冠词或代词+形容词+名词。a tall boy 一个高个子男孩an interesting book一本有趣的书my good friend 我的好朋友3.形容

6、词作定语时的后置a.前面我们讲到形容词作定语时,位置要放在所修饰的名词前面,但当它带有表示数量词或词组时,定语后置。They have built a bridge a hundred meters long.Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.b.带有表示数量的词或词组,作表语时,也后置。The bridge is a hundred meters long.The building is thirteen storeys high.They have built a two-hundred-meter-long bridg

7、e.注意表数量的词组变成合成语时,作定语用,放在名词前。Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.去年我们建了一座高十三层的大楼。c.另外,一些形容词或形容词词组常用来放在句首、句中或句尾,作状语。He returned home, tired and hungry.Cold and hungry, he walked in the street.常见形容词词组be good at 善于的 be full of 充满be angry at (about )因生气 near to 靠近的be angry with (at )对发怒的 c

8、lose to 靠近的be famous for 因而著名 next to 与相邻的be fit for 适宜于 be able to (do)能的be different from 和不同的 be difficult to (do) 难以.的separate from 与分离的 be eager to (do) 急于的be poor in 贫的;缺的 be easy to do 易于be rich in 富于;丰富的 enough to (do) 足以的be afraid of 害怕 be glad to (do) 高兴的be proud of 以自豪的; be ready to (do)

9、准备的be fond of 喜欢,喜爱五、形容词的比较等级大多数形容词(性质形容词)有比较等级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。2 不规则变化3 形容词比较等级的用法形容词比较等级通常可分为原级、比较级和最高级三种基本形,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中。1) 原级的用法My uncle is as tall as your father.我叔叔和你父亲一

10、样高。My uncle is not as(=so)tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。Is my uncle as tall as your father?我叔叔和你父亲一样高吗?(1).句型:A+动词+as+形容词原级+as B.(表示A和B两者比较,程度相同)Tom is as honest as John.汤姆和约翰一样诚实。Her skin is as white as snow.她的皮肤像雪一样白。My dog is as old as that one.我的狗和那只狗一样大。This jacket is as cheap as that one.这件夹克和

11、那一件一样便宜。注意为了避免重复,我们常用that, those和one一类的代词代替as后重复前面出现的名词。(2).否定句:A+not +as +形容词原级+as B.=A+not +so +形容词原级+as B.(表示A、B两者程度不同,即A不如B那么)He is not as(so)tall as I. 他不如我高。The weather in Beijing is not as(=so)hot as the weather in Wuhan.北京的天气不如武汉热。There are not as(=so)many books in our library as in your lib

12、rary.我们图书馆的书没有你们的多。(3).疑问句:Be动词+A+as+形容词原级+as B.Is he as busy as before?他还像以前那么忙吗?Is there as much water in this glass as in that one?这个杯子里的水和那个杯子里的一样多吗?2)需注意的原级用法This is twenty times as long as that.这个的长度是那个的二十倍。(1).表示倍数的句型times as +形容词原级+as(是的几倍)This garden is ten times as large as that one. There

13、 are now twice as many schools in the town as in 1972.注意在英语中,两倍用twice,而不用two times,三倍以上用three,fourtimes。(2).half as+形容词原级+as(表示“的一半”)My handwriting is not half as good as yours.我的书法不如你的一半儿(好)。(3).asas possible(表示“尽可能”)He is as fast as possible.他尽可能的快。3) 比较级的用法I am older than you.我比你大。(1).句型:A+动词+形容词

14、比较级+than + B.二者相比较,说明“A比B更一些”时要用一个连词than引导的从句。Mary is happier than Jane.玛丽比珍妮幸福。His brother is younger than I (me).他哥哥比我小。注意than后面接代词时,一般要用主格。但在口语中也可使用宾格。Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan.北京比武汉美丽。You look younger today.今天你看起来比较年轻。(省略了than before)完整句子:You look younger today than you looked(young)before.(这样的句子只是帮助理解,实际应用中,不能出现)Are you feeling better?你现在感觉好些了吗?

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