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1、,直接引语与间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）,Grammar,Book 1 Unit 1,观察下面句子：,1.He said,” Im going to see a film this afternoon.” 2.He said that he was going to see a film that afternoon. 3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4.She asked Tom if she could help her. 5. The teacher said to the students,
2、 “Dont waste your time.” 6.The teacher told the students not to waste their time.,直接引述别人的原话叫_; 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫_.间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。,直接引语,间接引语,由以上例句可以体会出，直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词都会发生变化。,一 句式结构上的变化：,1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连_引导,that,Eg. She said, I am very happy to help you.,She said that she was
3、 very happy to help me.,2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词_ 引导, 语序要改成 _ 例如：,If/whether,陈述句语序,He asked me, Do you like playing football? He asked me_,If I liked playing football.,3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。语序要改成_ ，记住，助动词do/ does/did 必须要去掉。例如：,陈述句语序,They ask
4、ed him “ When do you harvest the wheat ?”,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，使用ask / tell sb. to do的形式。said to 改为ask/ tell/ order 等。例如：,1）He said to me, open the window, please., He asked me to open the window.,2）The teacher said to the students, Stop talking!, The teach
5、er told the students to stop talking .,此种情况的否定句，在 _前加not。,不定式,My teacher said, Dont make too much noise, boys., My teacher told the boys not to make too much noise,注意： 一般情况下， 1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：使用 ask sb (not) to do sth 2、直接引语里不含please表示命令，建议等语气：使用 tell/order/advise sb (not) to do sth,二 时态变化,1. H
6、e says: I bought you a book yesterday.” He says that he bought me a book the day before.,主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态_。,不变,2. “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.,She said that she was very glad to visit our school.,当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化,变化如下：,即学即练,1. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop musi
7、c.”,Tom said that they are listening to the pop music,2. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”,Mother asked if I had finished my homework before I watched TV.,注意： 直接引语是客观事实或真理时，变成间接引语时，时态_。例如：,不变,They told their son,The earth goes round the sun., They told their son th
8、at the earth goes round the sun,eg1. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称 保持一致。,巧记为：一随主,三 人称的变化,1. She said:“ I am hungry。,she said that she was hungry.,eg2. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称 保持一致。,巧记为：二随宾,2. Mum said to me:“ You can clean your bedroom tomorrow.”,Mum told me
9、 that I could clean my bedroom the next day.,eg3. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论3：当直接引语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。,巧记为：三不变,3. Mr. Smith said，“He is a good worker. ,Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker.,牛刀小试,1. I said to my daughter, Dont make any mistakes in it.”（改为间接引语） I_ my daughter _ any mistakes in it.,A. aske
10、d; dont make B. ordered; didnt make C. told; not to make D. told; to not make,C,2. Mother told me _ a noise in the hall.,dont make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not,B,3. They said to me, “We will see you next week.-They told me that _ A. we would see you next week B. they would see you th
11、e next week C. they will see me next week D. they would see me the next week 4. Our teacher told us that light _faster than sound. A. traveled B. had traveled C. travels D. is travel,D,C,5. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
12、 6. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film,D,D,7. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. sa
13、id to; please close 8. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher,C,D,9. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. tol
14、d his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was 10. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.,C,B,11. He asked , “ Are you a Part
15、y member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member. 12. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getti
16、ng along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along,C,C,13. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter 14. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do 15.Idliketoknow_Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearn B.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearning D.forhowlonghebegantolearn,D,D,A,