《2015年职称英语教材新增文章(卫生类A级补全短文)第十二篇.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2015年职称英语教材新增文章(卫生类A级补全短文)第十二篇.pdf（6页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 2015 年职称英语教材卫生类的变动比较小，一共只有 5 篇新增 文章。2015 年职称英语教材卫生类新增的 5 篇文章，分布在阅读判 断、阅读理解和补全短文：阅读判断综合 A 新增一篇文章；阅读理解 卫生 C 新增一篇文章；补全短文卫生 A、B 和 C 各新增一篇文章。完 形填空卫生类整体都没有新增文章。 卫生类教材新增文章 阅读判断卫生 A Inquest told of hospital error 阅读理解卫生 C 第五篇 Tracking Down HIV 补全短文卫生 C 第二篇 The Hope Childrens Hospice 补全短文卫生B 第七篇 Powering Na
2、pping is Good for the I.Q. 补全短文卫生 A 第十二篇 The enemy Within 卫生 A 补全短文新增文章 第十二篇The Enemy Within Allergy has become more and more common over the last 30 years. Now one-third of us are affected by allergy at some point in our lives and half of these sufferers are children. In the UK, three million peopl
3、e suffer from asthma, and five per cent of children suffer from food allergy. Allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system has a strange and unnecessary reaction to a substance which is normally harmless, such as pollen or peanuts. _1_ To defend your body against an attacker, the immune
4、system remembers these dangerous micro-organisms and attacks them if it meets them again. This work is done by antibodies. The immune system in allergy sufferers makes antibodies against harmless substances,becauseitmistakenlybelievesthemtobe dangerous. An allergic reaction may not happen the first
5、time a sufferer meets an allergen (the substance causing the reaction, such as pollen, milk or strawberries). Sometimes people can eat nuts for years and then suddenly become allergic to them. What has happened is that the immune system has now decided the substance is dangerous and has made an alle
6、rgy antibody. This antibody then attaches itself to cells, which contain histamine. _2_ As they do that, the surface of the cells is broken, and histamine is released. The histamine and other chemicals inflame the tissues. This leads to the symptoms of allergy, such as swelling, rashes, sneezing, so
7、re eyes and breathlessness. Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction of all and is most often triggered by wasp or bee stings or peanuts. This must be treated immediately. _3_ Some people are born with the ability to make lots of allergy antibodies, and they are more likely to develop allerg
8、ies and allergic disorders such as hay fever and asthma. _4_ We eat more processed foods, with a wide range of additives and colourings; more and more people have central heating and double glazing, making our houses warmer and less draughty-an ideal environment to breed the house dust mite. There m
9、ay also be a link between allergies and antibiotics. At one time our immune systems were kept busy fighting off disease and trying to win the battle for health, but antibiotics have reduced the amount of work our immune systems have to do. Now experts think they may direct spare energy to harmless s
10、ubstances such as strawberries. _5_ A good deal of research is being devoted to finding a cure for allergies. Sufferers may be given medicine to control symptoms, and they may also be offered tests to find out what substances trigger an allergic reaction so that they can avoid contact with these in
11、future. 词汇： allergy n. 过敏，过敏症 sufferer n. 患者，受害者 asthma n. 哮喘 substance n. 物质 pollen n. 花粉 micro-organism n. 微生物 antibodies n. antibody 的复数形式，意为抗体 allergen n. 过敏源 nut n. 坚果 histamine n. 组织胺，组胺 tissue n. 人体组织 symptom n. 病症，征兆 rash n. 疱疹 sneezing n. 打喷嚏 breathlessness n. 呼吸急促，气喘吁吁 anaphylaxis n. 全身性过敏
12、反应，过敏反应 wasp n. 黄蜂 sting n. 蟄，咬 hayfever n. 枯草热，花粉病 additives n. 添加剂，食品添加剂 cure n. 治疗，解药 注释： 1suffer from.忍受的折磨 2be devoted to sth. .全身心投入于 练习： AThe immune system is there to protect the body against outside attackers, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. BInotherwordsourimmunesystemshavebecom
13、e over-sensitive. CAllergies run in families. DInternational differences have been associated with the number of individuals within a population have allergy. EWhen the antibodies meet the allergen the next time, they attempt to destroy it. FExperts believe more people have developed allergies becau
14、se of changes in our lifestyle which have exposed us to more allergens. 答案与题解： 1A该是对机体免疫系统功能的介绍，而文中对免疫系统的首 次提及是在该选项的上一句话，即描述过敏反应是免疫系统的活动， 该选项故而可被视为是对上一句话的补充与说明。 2E本题做题线索有两点，首先是上下文，本段前几句都是对 抗体的描述与介绍，故与选项 E 主题相符，同时第二个做题点为逻辑 顺序词，本段的第一句话中提到了 An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer
15、meets an allergen，而该选项 中又有了 the next time，这两个逻辑顺序词也构成了解题线索。 3C该选项在文章的第四段，讲的是过敏反应在特殊人群中的 反应，选项 C 的意思为“过敏反应是具有遗传性的”，与该段后一句 some people are born with the ability.相对应。 4F文章第五段主要讲的是能导致过敏反应的两个例子，缺少 中心句，而选项 C 恰好能对这两个例子进行概括说明，故答案为选项 C。 5B该选项为概括总结项，是对前文说的内容进行总结，该段 的前面部分提及的是抗生素与过敏反应之间的关系， 即其对于人体免 疫系统的影响，而该选项则是一个结果性的描述，即免疫系统变得过 于敏感了，其可对前文中抗生素的作用进行总结说明。