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1、2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 数词【分析解读】数词为中考考点，但是考频不高。主要考点为基数词、序数词 分数以及hunfred/thousand/million的用法这些用法具有固定性，所以才用的记忆方法比较好。【知识方法】 基数词的用法 序数词的用法 年代表达法 日期表达法 数词 分数的表答法 小数的表达法 百分数的表达法 倍数的表达法知 识 清 单数 词 英语数词表示数目或者顺序， 可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！1. 基数词的构成1-911-19整十几十几one eleventen-twotwelvetwentytwe
2、nty-twothreethirteenthirtythirty-threefourfourteenfortyforty-fourfivefifteenfiftyfifty-fivesixsixteensixtysixty-sixsevenseventeenseventyseventy-seveneighteighteeneightyeighty-eightninenineteenninetyninety-nine注意：(1)基数词1-12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。(2)基数词13-19是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成，其中 thirteen,fifteen,eighteen变化不规则。(3
3、)基数词20-90的整十数除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty, eighty为特殊形式外是在个位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词21-99的非整十数是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符“-”。如21 twenty-one2. 基数词的读法(1)在读三位数或三位数以上的基数词时，需在十位数之前（若十位数是“0”，在个位前）加连词and。304-three hundred and four1,342-one thousand,three hundred and forty-two(2)阿拉伯数字每三位数就需用一个逗号隔开，从后往前数；所用的英语单词为：thousand(千
4、）,million(百万）,billion(十亿）,英语中没有“万”和“亿”，在表示“万”和“亿”时要按十进位法来推算。1万可用10千来表示，即10,000。100,000,000可写成a hundred million。35,845可写成thirty-five thousand,eight hundred3. 基数词的基本用法基本概念基本用法例句基数词(表示事物数量）从句子成分上分析，基数词在句中可用作主语、语）宾语、表语等Four of them went to thefactory.他们中的4个人去了工厂。（主语）I want two.我想要两个。（宾My classmate is ei
5、ghteen.我的同班同学18岁了。（表语）表示“年、月、日”的时间The accident happened on May表示编号Today we are going to studyLesson Five.今天我们要学习第5课。He lives in Room 801.他住在801房间。表示时间，几点钟，几点过几分Its two oclock.现在是两点钟。用于四则运算One plus two is three.1加2等于3。Five times six is thirty.5乘以6等于30。表示百分数Thirty percent of them is water.它们当中的30%是水。4
6、.hundred,thousand,million与billion的用法(1)与具体数词one,two或several,some,many等车用时，要用单数形式。five hundred people 500人two thousand books 2,000本书many million trees几百万棵树(2)与of连用时，要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数词。hundreds of people 成百上千的人thousands of factories 成千上万的工厂millions of birds 数以百万计的鸟儿hundreds of trees几百棵树2、 序数词的构成1.序数词的基本
7、构成序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时， 有特别之处。1.one- first, two - second, three - third, five - fifth, nice - ninth, twelve - twelfth 2. 以ty 结尾的单词， 要先变y为I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty -thirtieth, fifty -fiftieth3. 以one, two, three 等结尾的多位数词， 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如： twenty-one - twenty-first, one hun
8、dred and one - one hundred and first 注意： 序数词前常用定冠词， 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 “又一 ”的意思。 例如：Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。三、数词的应用 1时刻的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 “几点钟”用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如： 5点钟five（oclock） “几点过几分 ”，30分钟”用介词past。如： 7：05five past seven；7：15fifteen （a q
9、uarter）past seven；7：30half past seven。 “差几分几点”用介词“to”。如：7：40twenty to eight；7：45fifteen（a quarter to eight。 日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05seven o five；7：15 seven fifteen。 2年月日的表示： 年份用基数词，如：1999年nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年nineteen hundred； 2000two thousand；1905nineteen o five； 年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月
10、8日 写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。3. 世纪、年代表示法： （在）90年代 (in) the nineties （在）19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century （在）18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730s4编号的表示： Lesson One the first lesson第一课； Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽车； 表示住所时不用“No”如：302房间Room 302（读作
11、：room three o two）； 如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页； 电话号码，用基数词,如：3855633three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。 5分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。如：13 one third，23two thirds； 另外：12 a（one）half; 14one fourth或a（one）quarter;34threefourths或three quarters。 half a second; a q
12、uarter of a second四分之一秒 6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five 7表示百分数5：five percent (per cent)， 0.8 zero point eight percent (per cent).8表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five 9其他用法：1）基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy； 一座800米长
13、的桥an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls400-metre relay race。2）具体数词metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：长江长6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long 3）表示几十岁用序数词，eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties4）倍数的表达：(一倍用once，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词times。如：5倍five times)。 例如：He is as tall a boy as
14、 I. He is a head taller than I . He is two years older than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)My books are twice as many as yours.China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)
15、I pay twice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as much for the house. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. thi
16、rd C. forth D. /3). - Which is the smallest number of the four? - _. A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4). Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析：1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词后
17、面有介词of (几百，成百上千) ，thousands of (几千，数千个)，millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案D. 2答案： B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。 3答案：C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s. 4答案： A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法： 1。事物名词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如： No.
18、6 Middle School练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择填空：1. _ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions2. About _ of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarte
19、rs, is D. three quarter, are 3. It will take _ time to finish the work. A. one and a half years B. a year and half C. one and a half years D. a year and halfs4- How long will your stay here ?、 -For _ . A. one and two days B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day5When he moved to Germany
20、in _ , he was already in _ . A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty6My brother lives in _ on _ floor. A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the second C. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second7December is _ month of the year. A. twelve B. t
21、welfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve8This took place in the _ . A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th 9It is only _ from my home to the train station. A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes s walk D. ten minutes walk10There are _ in this building , I live on _.A. nine floors ,the ninth
22、 floor B. nine floor, the ninth floorC. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor 11The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峡大坝) should be _ higher than downstream（ 下游）。 A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters12. There are _ days in a year. A
23、. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty five D. two hundreds and sixty-five13. -How many teachers are there in your school? - _. , but Im not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred14. There are _ doctors and nurses working hard in tha
24、t hospital. A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of15. - Whats one fourth and a half, do you know? - Yes, its _. A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixth16. Now children, turn to page _ and look at the _ picture in Lesson Two. A. twentieth, one B. twenty, o
25、ne C. twentieth, first D. twenty, first17. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /18. December is the _ month in year. A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth19. - What is the date today? - Its _. A. Thursday B. June the sixteenth C. the best day D. June fifteen20. She knows a lot about China as she has been to China _. A. for the forth time B. four times C. a fourth time D. for four times 1-5 CCACA 6-10 BCBDA 11-15 CCCDA 16 20 DBDBB