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1、.,1,Renaissance poetry,.,2,sonnet,Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet English (Shakespearean) sonnet Spenserian sonnet,.,3,Main Forms of The Sonnet,.,4,The Development of The Sonnet,mastered by:,Petrarch in Italy,introduced by:,initiated by:,Wyatt And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance, or n
2、atures changing course, untrimmd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growst. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee
3、.,Quatrain,Couplet,.,10,Rhyme Scheme of Sonnet 18,Quatrain 1 A Shall I compare thee to a summers DAY? B Thou art more lovely and more temperATE: A Rough winds do shake the darling buds of MAY, B And summers lease hath all too short a DATE: Quatrain 2C Sometime too hot the eye of heaven SHINES,. D An
4、d often is his gold complexion DIMMD;. C And every fair from fair sometime deCLINES, D By chance or natures changing course unTRIMMD;. Quatrain 3 E But thy eternal summer shall not FADE,F Nor lose possession of that fair thou OWEST;. E Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his SHADE, F When in etern
5、al lines to time thou GROWEST:. Couplet G So long as men can breathe or eyes can SEE, G So long lives this and this gives life to THEE.,.,11,Quatrain 1,Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath al
6、l too short a date: 我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：,Extravagant praise compares a summer day as less lovely and constant as the beloved.,.,12,Quatrain 2,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines
7、, By chance, or natures changing course untrimmed: 天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。,The sun is sometimes too hot in summer or occasionally shaded. Every beautiful thing becomes less beautiful through chance or time.,.,13,Quatrain 3,But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose p
8、ossession of that fair thou owst,Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst, 但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。,Transition in the sestet to counter that the beloveds beauty will not fade or die because of the poem.,.,14,Couplet,So long
9、 as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。 (梁宗岱译),The poem will be read as long as man lives and the beloved will live on.,.,15,我可能把你和夏天相比拟？你比夏天更可爱更温和：狂风会把五月的花苞吹落地夏天也嫌太短促，匆匆而过。有时太阳照得太热，常常又遮暗他的金色的脸；美的事物总不免要凋落，偶然的，或是随自然变化而流转。但是你的永
10、恒之夏不会褪色，你不会失去你的俊美的仪容；死神不能夸说你在它的阴影里面走着，如果你在这不朽的诗句里获得了永生；只要人们能呼吸，眼睛能看东西，此诗就会不朽，使你永久生存下去。 -梁实秋,我能否将你比作夏天 你比夏天更美丽温婉 狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残 夏日的勾留何其短暂 休恋那丽日当空 转眼会云雾迷蒙 休叹那百花飘零 催折于无常的天命 唯有你永恒的夏日常新 你的美貌亦毫发无损 死神也无缘将你幽禁 你在我永恒的诗中长存 只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇 这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜 -朱生豪,.,16,莎士比亚Sonnet 18汉译的23个版本,美人当青春，婉丽自销魂。焉知东风恶，良辰讵待人？朝日何皋皋，暮色
11、何昏昏。众芳俱摇落，天意倩谁询？我有丹青笔，腾挪似有神。为君驻颜色，风霜不可侵。丹青亦难久，罔若诗与琴？延年歌一曲，万古扬清芬。,.,17,Contrast,Thy summer,Natural summer,Short,Eternal,Leased,Owst,Hot,Temperate,Decline,Rough wind,Dimmed,Lovely breath,Not fade,Deathless,.,18,5. Repeat 1. Men breathe 4. Giving life to thee 2. Eyes see 3. This poem lives,.,19,Sonnet
12、18,我能否将你比做夏天 你比夏日更温婉，惹人爱怜 无情的狂风吹落你五月的花瓣 夏日之期短暂的直让人生厌 少时天堂之目灼晒人间 时常它的金色面庞依稀可见 世上美好之物一点一点殒散 许是偶然，抑或恰遇自然之变迁 而你永恒之春天绝不褪变 所有之美艳亦不会消散 死神也未敢吹嘘你在他的阴影下彷徨 因为你在这恒久的诗行中成长 只要人类尚能呼吸和观望 这诗篇就会永在，给你生命的力量。,Life is short Art is long,Literature will keep transient beauty ever lasting,destructive power of time,.,20,Sonn
13、et 75 (Edmund Spenser) One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washed it away. Agayne I wrote it with a second hand, But came the tyde, and made my paynes his pray. “Vayne man” Sayd she, “that doest in vaine assay A mortall thing so to immortalize, For I my selve shall lyke
14、to this decay, And eek my name bee wyped out lykewize”. “Not so” quod I, “let baser things devize, To dy in dust, but you shall live by fame: My verse your vertues rare shall eternize, And in the heavens wryte your glorious name, Where whenas death shall all the world subdew, Our love shall live, an
15、d later life renew.,.,21,Sonnet 29,When in disgrace with Fortune and mens eyes, I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, And look upon my self and curse my fate, Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,
16、Desiring this mans art, and that mans scope, With what I most enjoy contented least, Yet in these thoughts my self almost despising, Haply I think on thee, and then my state, (Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth) sings hymns at heavens gate, For thy sweet love remembered such
17、wealth brings, That then I scorn to change my state with kings.,.,22,Sonnet 29 - outcast state,Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare begins with the speaker describing moments of great sadness, in which he cries over his outcast state by himself. This outcast state may refer to either a generally unfavor
18、able standing in society or a lack of financial success in the playwriting field.,.,23,Sonnet 73,That time of year thou mayst in me behold, When yellow leaves, or none, or few do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. In me thou sees
19、t the twilight of such day, As after sunset fadeth in the west, Which by and by black night doth take away, Deaths second self that seals up all in rest. In me thou seest the glowing of such fire, That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the death-bed, whereon it must expire, Consumed with that w
20、hich it was nourished by. This thou perceivst, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well, which thou must leave ere long.,.,24,Sonnet 116,Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments, love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove.
21、 O no, it is an ever-fixed mark That looks on tempests and is never shaken; It is the star to every wandring bark, Whose worths unknown, although his height be taken. Loves not Times fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickles compass come, Love alters not with his brief hours and w
22、eeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom: If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.,.,25,十四行诗在中国,商籁诗 闻一多：第一次热潮 徐志摩，梁宗岱 孙大雨：格律严谨 冯至，卞之琳 四十年代末：沉寂 屠岸，唐湜（九叶诗派：穆旦，袁可嘉） 冯至 （鲁迅：中国最杰出的抒情诗人） 白马：内蒙古剧作家，诗人,.,26,云游 徐志摩,那天你翩翩的在空际云游，自在，轻盈，你本不想停留在天的那方或地的那角，你的愉快是无拦阻的逍遥，你更不经意在卑
23、微的地面有一流涧水，虽则你的明艳在过路时点染了他的空灵，使他惊醒，将你的倩影抱紧。他抱紧的是绵密的忧愁，因为美不能在风光中静止；他要，你已飞渡万重的山头，去更阔大的湖海投射影子！他在为你消瘦，那一流涧水，在无能的盼望，盼望你飞回！,.,27,原野的小路冯至,你说，你最爱看这原野里一条条充满生命的小路，是多少无名行人的步履踏出来这些活泼的道路。在我们心灵的原野里也有几条宛转的小路，但曾经在路上走过的行人多半已不知去处：寂寞的儿童、白发的夫妇，还有些年纪青青的男女，还有死去的朋友，他们都给我们踏出来这些道路；我们纪念着他们的步履不要荒芜了这几条小路。,.,28,梦的山谷 白马,我不想告诉你我的过去
24、 我怕我记忆的阴霾 在你的心空聚成云霭 化作一道阻隔的风雨 我不想深入你的领域 我怕你心灵的蓓蕾一旦绽开 就会经不住霜打日晒 变成一朵枯萎的秋菊 我不想再走捷近的路 捷近的路上没有色彩 但愿你是我望不尽的迷途 我是你听不绝的天籁 我俩在相互迷恋的梦的山谷 永不走近 也永不离开,.,29,纪念碑 白马,我在为你建造一座纪念碑 它不是用青铜或白石 也不是用钢铁或水泥 而是用我一行行诗的精髓 我在为你建造一座美的丰碑 它不是筑在广场或宫宇 也不是筑在名山或圣地 而是筑在千百万人的心扉 物体的纪念碑虽然坚固 终将因宇宙的斗转星移而被转移 心灵的纪念碑似乎虚无 却要因人类的前承后继而被承继 只要地球上还繁衍生物 我的诗就将载着你的美长存于世,