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1、2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题二 B、C字部1. background n. 背景关联词组：education background教育背景；family background家庭背景；background music背景音乐用法：既可以指图画、舞台等的实体背景，也可以表示某个人的出身背景、学历等。（2019，江苏卷，短文填空）I had a t 48 education background. I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r 49 lik
2、e every other student.2. basic adj.基本的，基础的关联词组：basic information基本信息词性转换：basis n.基础；basically adv.基本上，主要地（2019，北京卷，阅读D）32. The word collapse in Paragraph 5 probably means “_”.A a sudden failureB. the basic ruleC. a disappointing startD. the gradual development3. beatvt.敲打；打败；vi.跳动；n.节拍词形变化：过去式beat；过
3、去分词beaten关联词组：beat the drum打鼓；be beaten by sb.被某人打了；输给了某人（2019，湖南卷，语篇翻译）Do you enjoy hitting the books? It doesnt mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand.4. beginv. 开始，着手词形变化：过去式began；过去分词begun；现在分词beginning关联词组：begin with以开始，开始于用法：begin doing sth.和begin to do sth.都表示“开始做某事“，它们的区别：begin doi
4、ng强调事情的持续性。例如：He began smoking three years ago.他三年前开始抽烟（强调一种持续的习惯）。begin to do表示一件事情的开端，持续与否不重要。例如：Its beginning to rain, wed better hurry up.开始下雨了，我们最好快点。同义词：start词性转换：beginning n.起初，开始：in the beginning=at first起初，开始；at the beginning of在的开头；from beginning to end从开始到结束（2019，浙江卷，完形）I began making new
5、 friends. I developed my own _23_ and never again followed the crowd.23. A. skillsB. habitsC. projectsD. opinions5. behaviourn. 行为，举止美式拼写：behavior关联词组：good/bad behaviour良好/恶劣行为词性转换：behave v.表现，举止（2019，湖南卷，阅读A）49According to Patrick, what is more important?AManaging schools by uniforms.BImproving stu
6、dents behaviors.CHelping students express themselves confidently.6. believev. 相信，认为关联词组：believe it or not信不信由你；it is (widely) believed that人们（普遍）认为用法：believe是状态动词，通常不用于进行时态。believe sb.相信某人说的话；believe in sb.相信某人的人品；believe in sth.信仰；believe还可以接that或者wh-从句。可以用I believe so或I believe not作为对问题的肯定或否定回答。（2
7、019，山东卷，单项填空）20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.A. although B. because C. if7. besideprep. 在旁边，靠近近义词：near，next to易混单词：besides prep.除以外（还有）；adv.此外，而且（2019，江苏卷，阅读表达） I go for long runs
8、and bike rides beside the beach. An hour of exercise after a long day of writing gives me energy.（2019，浙江卷，完形）Mrs. Chaplin managed to _1_ her children, her own with the money she made as a singer._2_, their economic(经济的) situation changed when she became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894.1. A. support
9、B. leaveC. askD. face2. A. AlthoughB. SoC. HoweverD. Besides8. beyondprep. （表示位置）在的那边关联词组：beyond reach够不着用法：beyond通常用作介词用，表示位置，意思是“在的那一边；在之外；在更远处”。例如： What lies beyond the mountains?山的那一边有什么？ The sea is beyond that hill.大海在山的那边。（2019，江苏卷，完形）Why is Song He Lou so special _14_ hundreds of restaurants?
10、14. A. betweenB. againstC. amongD. beyond9. birthn.出生，诞生关联词组：give birth to生下；date/year of birth出生日期/年份；place of birth出生地关联词汇：birthday n.生日；born：be born in/on出生于某年/某天；be动词要求使用过去式形式。（2019，江苏卷，阅读B）24. According to Paragraph 1, cakes and ice-cream are mentioned to describe _.A. the birth of chickensB. t
11、he difference between themC. the use of eggsD. the way of keeping them10. blindadj. 瞎的，失明的；盲目的关联词组：go/become blind眼瞎，失明；colour blind色盲；blind date相亲词性转换：blindly adv. 盲目地；blindness n.失明，盲目（2019，湖北卷，完形）A blind man has no idea of day and night, cant 44 the beauty of nature, or even doesnt know what the
12、light is. 44. A. hear B. enjoy C. touch D. play11. blowv. 吹，吹气；刮风词形变化：过去式blew，过去分词blown关联词组：blow up爆炸；blow off吹落，吹掉；blow out吹灭，吹熄；blow down吹倒 （2019，山东卷，阅读C）Also, wind doesnt blow all the time, so we cant use wind power all the time.12. borrowv. 借，（向别人）借用关联词组：borrow sth from sb. 向某人借某物反义词：lend v.借出，借
13、给：lend sth. to sb=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人（2019，山东卷，阅读表达）Could you help me pick out some new clothes? Would you mind if I borrowed your bike? Can you look after my apartment while Im away?13. breakv. 打破（断、碎）；损坏；违背词形变化：过去式broke，过去分词broken关联词组：break ones arm/leg摔断胳膊/腿；break the law违法；break down分解，发生故障；bre
14、ak up打碎，分手（with sb.）；break into破门而入；break off折断熟词僻义：break n.间歇，休息；中断：take/have a break休息一下（2019，山东卷，动词应用） The police said that both Liu and Ran had broken criminal law by seriously endangering (危及) public safety.14. breathn.呼吸，气息关联词组：out of breath喘不上气；take a deep breath深呼吸；hold ones breath屏住呼吸；take
15、ones breath away使人大吃一惊，令人叹绝词性转换：breathe v.呼吸 breathless adj.上气不接下气的（2019，浙江卷，语法填空） As he coughed and struggled to breathe, he jumped up and _56_, screaming: “Ah! Ah! Ah!”15. buildv.建筑，造词形变化：过去式built，过去分词built关联词组：build up增进，加强名词：building n.建筑物，房屋，大楼（2019，北京卷，完形）And moments of failure like this build
16、 _20_ since then Ive learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.20. A. trustB. prideC. characterD. support16. burnv.着火，燃烧；使晒黑词形变化：过去式burned或burnt，过去分词burned或burnt关联词组：burn out烧尽，燃尽（2019，浙江卷，语法填空） However, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began _54_ (burn), his eyes began to water, and
17、his whole face became as red _55_ the fruit.17. businessn.生意；商业；业务关联词组：business card名片；do business做生意；none of ones business不归某人管，与某人无关关联单词：businessman/businesswoman n.做生意的人，商人（2019，浙江卷，语法填空）All of us have _59_ (spend) money and time on something一maybe a relationship, or a business, or a job一and some
18、times, even if we know theres no hope that things will change, we still continue with it.18. callv.（给）打电话；称呼；叫；n.电话；呼叫关联词组：动词短语：call for要求，需要；提倡；call off=cancel取消；call back回电；叫回，收回；call up打电话；召集；征召（入伍）call on/upon呼吁，号召；拜访名词短语：make a (telephone) call打电话；give sb. a call给某人打电话（2019年，浙江卷，词汇运用）Lydia runs
19、 and picks up rubbish along the way. What she does is called plogging, an activity combining collecting rubbish with running19. cancelv. 取消，撤销关联词组：cancel button取消按钮词形变化：过去式canceled或cancelled，过去分词canceled或cancelled，过去分词canceling或cancelling近义词：call off易混单词：cancer n.癌症（2019年，江苏卷，词汇运用）37. -The plan for
20、summer study trip may be _ (cancel).- Really? Im looking forward to it.20. capitaln. 首都，省会；资本；大写字母；adj.首都的，省会的；资本的；大写的关联词组：capital city省会城市；capital letter大写字母易混单词：captain n.船长，队长；（海军）上校（2019年，山东卷，单项填空）16. Berlin is _capital of Germany.A./ B. a C. the21.carefuladj.小心的，谨慎的；仔细的Be careful!用作祈使句，意思是“小心！”
21、，表示提醒be careful of (about)表示“当心，留意”be careful with表示做某事很小心或仔细词性转换：carefully adv.小心地，仔细地；carefulness n.小心，仔细；care v.在乎；关心反义词：careless adj.粗心大意的；漫不经心的（2019年，山东卷，动词应用）The host usually makes full _14_ by carefully tidying up the house and _15_ a lot of delicious dishes.14 A. plansB. decisionsC. preparat
22、ions15. A. enjoyingB. cookingC. washing22. catchv.&n.赶上；抓住，捕捉词形变化：过去式caught，过去分词caught关联词组：catch up (with)赶上，追上；catch a cold感冒了；catch fire着火；catch ones breath喘气（2019年，江苏卷，单项填空）6. “Put on your coat, you will catch a cold!” This is what my mum often says to me.A. andB. butC. orD. so23. causev.引起，导致关联词
23、组：cause trouble惹麻烦用法：cause sb./sth. to do sth.使得做某事；常用语被动语态：sth. is caused by某事是由引起的（2019年，江苏卷，动词应用）The accident 69 (cause) by a fight between the driver and a passenger, killing all 15 people on the bus.24. celebratev.庆祝关联词组：celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节词性转换：celebration n.庆祝，庆典（2019年，江苏卷，单项填空）38. I plan
24、 to go abroad to celebrate my twentieth birthday in _ (八月) .25. centren.中心，中央美式拼写：center关联词组：shopping centre购物中心；in the centre of处于的中心词性转换：central adj.中心的，中枢的 （2019年，浙江卷，阅读B）30. How can we do trampolining safely?A. Buy an expensive trampoline.B. Jump in the center of a trampoline.C. Choose a trampol
25、ine without a net.D. Lose weight before starting trampolining.26. centuryn.世纪，百年用法：一般放在序数词的后面，表示第几个世纪，如二十一世纪：the 21st century（2019年，浙江卷，阅读C）The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century.27. certainadj. 确定的，无疑的，一定会 关联词组：to a certain de
26、gree/extent一定程度上；for certain肯定，确定，无疑用法：be certain that确定，肯定；be certain of/about sth.肯定（确信）某事；be certain to do sth.一定/确定做某事；be certain of doing sth.有把握做某事词性转换：certainly adv.当然 certainty n.确定性；确实的事同义词：sure adj.一定的，确信的（2019年，北京卷，阅读C）To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing.28. chancen. 机会；可能性关联词组：by chance=by accident偶然；by any chance万一；take ones chance碰运气；give sb. a chance给某人一次机会；the chances are that可能 （2019年，北京卷，完形）Since I was _15_prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong.15. A. fullyB. quicklyC. freshlyD. physically7