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1、专题一 名词,Noun,知识导图,重难选讲,名词的数 1.名词的分类,2.可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。其复数形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 (1)规则变化,cap-caps task-tasks star-stars tree-trees stomach-stomaches house-houses exercise-exercises,A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-S,B.以字母x、s 、ch、 sh 结尾的名词在其后加-es,bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes class-classes,C.（1）以辅音字母
2、+ y结尾的名词需把y 变为i再加-es storystories babybabies countrycountries partyparties （2）以元音字母+ y结尾的名词在后面直接加-s daydays boy- boys toy-toys,D.以-f 或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将 f 或fe 变成 v 再加-es shelf-shelves lifelives knife-knives leaf-leaves wifewives halfhalves 特殊:roof-roofs,E.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以 o结尾 的 外来词，变为复数时只加-S radiora
3、dios zoo-zoos bamboo-bamboos,（2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数+es, potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes 但pianopianos,photo-photos除外.,有生命的,无生命的,(2)不规则变化 内部元音字母发生变化。如: foot- feet man-men mouse- mice woman- women policeman- policemen tooth- teeth goose- geese（鹅） 词尾发生变化。如: ox- oxen（公牛） child- children,有个别名词单复数形
4、式一样。如: deer- deer（鹿） fish- fish sheep-sheep works-works（工厂） 表示“某国人”的复数形式表示“某国人”的名词变复数遵循以下规律：中、日、瑞士不变，英法联盟a变e（man-men），其他要把s加后面。 a.单复数同形。如: Chinese- Chinese Japanese- Japanese,Swiss- Swiss b.变man为men。如: Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishman-Englishmen c.词尾加-s。如: German-Germans Russian-Russians Australian-Au
5、stralians American-Americans Roman-Romans Indian-Indians 通常只用复数形式的名词。如：,glasses 眼镜 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 scissors 剪刀chopsticks 筷子 复合名词的复数形式 a.把复合词中的中心词变复数。如: a son-in-lawsons-in-law 女婿,b.当第一部分为man或woman时,两部分皆变复数。如: a man teacher- two men teachers a woman doctor- three women doctors,3.不可数名词 （1）不可数名词
6、没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如： The coffee is too hot to drink.咖啡太烫了无法喝。 （2）不可数名词前不能用不定冠词（a/an）或数词（one,two,.）修饰。 （3）要表示不可数名词的数量需要借助于“a+单位词（可数名词）+of+不可数名词”短语，数量大于一时把a变为具体数词，单位词变为复数形式。,如： a bowl of water一碗水 two cups of tea两杯茶 （4）能修饰不可数名词的词或短语有much, little,a little, a bit of,some, any,a lot of/lots of, plenty
7、of等，以此来表示大概的数量。如： much bread许多面包 a little milk 一点牛奶a lot of work大量的工作 （5）常见不可数名词：,music（音乐）， news（新闻）， advice（建议）， work（工作）， information（信息），weather（天气）， traffic（交通）， experience（经验）等。,【考点训练1】 1.China is one of the biggest _ （country） in the world. 2.Mr.Wang gives me some _（advice） on how to study En
8、glish. 3.There are four _ (Japanese) and two _ (German) in the group.,countries,advice,Japanese,Germans,4.What would you like to drink，sir？ _ . （ ） A.Two coffee B.Two cups of coffee C.Two cups coffee D.Two cups of coffees,B,Mikes bag the boys knife,3.不规则名词复数的所有格,即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词,在词后 加s , 如: Womens Day
9、mens clothes shop,1.有生命的东西所有格用s 的形式,2.在词尾有-S的复数名词所有格,只在词尾加,读音与名词变复数同 the students books the teachers office,4.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-s;,珍妮和海伦的房间,Jenny and Helens room,Jennys and Helens rooms,5.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在 2个名词 后都加-s 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,6. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生 命的东西，也可以加 -s 构成所有格,2小时路程 南
10、宁最好的公园 今日报纸 车站休息室,two hours walk,Nannings best park,todays newspaper,the stations waiting-room,8. 无生命的东西一般用“ of +名词”的形式表示其所有格,the door of the room the wall of the park,at my uncles = at my uncles home at a tailors = at a tailors shop,9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格,a silk hat cotton cloth,a coffee cup,7. 表示某人的家
11、、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词,my teachers office students exercise books Childrens Palace todays newspaper 15 minutes walk = a 15-minute walk at the butchers = at the butchers shop to Toms = to Toms house,1 我老师的办公室 2 学生们 的练习本 3 少年宫 4 今天的报纸 5 十五分钟的路程 6 在肉店 7 到汤姆家去,8 广西的省会 9 教室的门 10 我父亲的一个朋友 11 他的两个兄弟 12 爱迪生的一些
12、发明 13 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟) 14 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟),the capital of Guangxi,the doors of the classroom,a friend of my father (s),two brothers of his,some inventions of Edisons,a picture of his brothers,a picture of his brother,当class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,
13、e.g The class are waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ are film fans.,is,are,e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him.,is,3. 像 chopsticks, shoes, glasses, trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。,e.g The shoes are hers.,但是: A pair of glasses _ on the table. Two pairs of glasse
14、s _ on the table.,is,are,4. police, people(人们), youth(青年们) 只有单数形式， 但表示复数意义，动词用复数。,e.g The police are gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace.,love,但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时， 有单复数之分,e.g He is a youth of 20. Many English-speaking peoples _ this book.,like,5. 像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据 具
15、体情况定,e.g A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field.,are,6. The poet and musician _ at the party. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The bread and the butter _ ready. Bread and butter _ her usual breakfast. 涂了黄油的面包,was,has,are,is,8. Both and 的谓语动词用复数形式。,e.g. Both
16、 he and his father _ there.,were,7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构：,There be e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk. not onlybut also e.g Not only you but also he _ right. eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong. neithernor e.g Neither she nor I _ right.,is,is,am,am,表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的 复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。 e.g Ei
17、ght hours of sleep_ enough for you . Ten dollars _ too much to pay.,is,is,10. each + 单数名词 + and + each + 单数名词 every +单数名词 + and +every + 单数名词 no +单数名词 + and + no + 单数名词,each of + 复数名词 one of + 复数名词,many a + 单数名词,every / each +单数名词+ and + 单数名词,等结构做主语时，动词用单数。,e.g. Each boy and each girl _ seen the fil
18、m. No teacher and no student _ come yet. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Each of the students _ a dictionary.,has,has,has,has,The Browns is going to visit China. ( ) The Browns are going to visit China. ( ) The young is dancing there. ( ) The young are dancing there. ( ) Physics are ve
19、ry difficult to learn. ( ) Physics is very difficult to learn. ( ) We have five Germen in this meeting. ( ) We have five Germans in this meeting. ( ) This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( ) This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ),【考点训练2】 1.Its twenty _ (minute) walk from my home to the zoo. 2.Tea is one of the _ （world） favorite drinks. 3.Today is _ Day，so many children bought presents for their mothers. （ ） A.the Mothers B.the Mothers C.Mothers D.Mothers,minutes,worlds,C,