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1、Unit 3 Grammar,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,什么叫做表语？,He is a student. The problem seems puzzling. He is in heavy debt. Her job is taking care of the children. Tom is here.,表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem ,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。,系动词：
2、 1: be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were) 2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run,fall 5: prove证明, turn out,表语从句的定义,The question is who will do it.,The question is difficult.,（ 表 ）,表语从句,（ 表 ）,2. 表语从句的构成,主语 + 系动词
3、+ 引导词 + 简单句,This is why he did it.,表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。,The question is who will do it.,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though (if不引导表语从句) 连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,表语从句引导词 ：,that 引导的表语从句 1）that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。 e.g. The chance is tha
4、t one smoker in four will die from smoking.,2)主语(名词)+be+that引起的表语从句,主语名词常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth ;表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem.,表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth ; The fact is that our team has won the game. The truth i
5、s that she was the very person we are looking for.,表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦等的名词，如idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem. 其中表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”（虚拟语气），should可省略 My request is that you should han
6、d in your paper beforeFriday. My suggesstion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,2. whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。 e.g. The question is whether it is worth doing. What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease
7、soon.,3.what, which, who, whom, whose引导的表语从句 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、宾语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。,e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should
8、be put on the top of the list.,e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方
9、式状语，本身具有词义。,5. as if, as though 引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面.从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气;如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气(主句一般现在时，从句就用一般过去时，be的话变成were。主句是一般过去时，从句用过去完成时)。 The elephant feels as if/though it were a wall.(与事实不符) Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.(与事实相符)
10、,6. because/why引导的表语从句,because/why引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because/why”结构中。 He failed in the exam. Thats because he didnt work hard enough.,He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital.,强调结果,强调原因,The reason why we didnt trust him is _ he
11、 has often lied,注意: reason 做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why 引导。句型结构为： The reason (why/for)is /was that. The reason is that,that,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning,that, why与because引导表语从句时的区别,虽然三者均可引导表语从句，但that没有词义，而why和because有自己的意思； 另外，虽然why和because都可引导表语从句
12、，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。如： The reason was that you dont trust her. The fact is that they are angry with each other. He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill.,小结：,1. 表语从句的构成:,主语+系动词+引导词+简单句,2. 引导词:,连词that, whether, as though ,as if,连接代词who, what, which,连接副词when, where, how ,why，because,3. 3个注意点:,if 不引导表语从句,主语为reason时，引导词用that,语序：陈述句语序,Homework 完成蓝本上unit 3 的单元重点回顾 预习unit 4 单词 完成E听说作业,