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1、 定语从句一、定语从句的解题方法：1. 先找出定语从句的先行词，看先行词代表什么2.再划分定语从句的成分， 由所缺成分和先行词确定引导词3.注意一些特殊用法和固定搭配。二、关系代词与关系副词的基本用法先行词为事或物： 定语从句缺主语,宾语，用which/ that 引导定语从句；缺定语用whose引导定语从句. u whose+名词=the+名词+of+ which1. They planted the flowers_ didnt need much water.2. The dictionary _ my father bought for me is very useful.3. Do
2、you know the owner of the house_ windows face south?先行词为人： 定语从句缺主语，用who/ that 引导定语从句；缺宾语，用whom/ that 引导定语从句；缺定语用whose引导定语从句. ( whose+名词=the+名词+ of+ whom )1. The boy _ is standing besides me is my brother.2. The boy_ I talked with just now is Tom.3. The boy_ coat is red is Tom.先行词表原因： 定语从句缺主语或宾语时，定语从
3、句由which / that引导；若定语从句不缺主语或宾语，定语从句由why / for which引导.1. I dont know the reason_ he didnt come.2. I didnt believe that reason_ he has given for his being late.先行词表时间： 定语从句缺主语或宾语时，定语从句由which / that引导；若定语从句不缺主语或宾语，定语从句由when / 表时间的介词+which引导1. Ill never forget the time_ we worked on the farm.2. Ill neve
4、r forget the time_ we spent on the farm.先行词表地点： 定语从句缺主语或宾语时，定语从句由which/ that引导；若定语从句不缺主语或宾语，定语从句由where / 表地点的介词+which引导1. This is the school_ we stayed every year.2. This is the school_ we visited yesterday.u 注意：当先行词表示抽象的情形、局势、范围、处境、水准等， 如situation, stage, point, position, case等，定语从句缺主语或宾语，由which /
5、that引导；缺状语时，定语从句常用where引导。1. I have to come to the point _ I cant stand.2. You shouldnt put you into the situation _ you have no person to turn to for help.3. Looking after the old is a position _ you need enough patience.u 注意：没有宾语但不缺宾语的情况：1. 不及物动词后(如work, live, arrive, stay)；2. 被动语态。二、关系词的特殊应用（1）只用
6、that不用which的场合：1. 先行词是表事或物的不定代词something, nothing, no, none, little, any, some, much, all或被其修饰时 Is there anything that I can do for you? All that they said is true.2. 先行词是序数词，形容词最高级或被其修饰时 This is the most interesting film that I have seen .3. 先行词被the very/ the only等修饰时 She was the only student that
7、had been admitted to the college.4. 主句是以which, what, who开头的特殊疑问句 Who is the boy that shook hands with you?5. 先行词既有人又有物时6. Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7. 两个定语从句，一个用which，另一个要用that He built a factory which produced things that had been used for daily life.(2) 只用w
8、hich不用that的场合：1. 引导非限制性定语从句 (有逗号)2. 关系代词前有介词时 This is the house of which the windows face south.3. 先行词本身是that Whats that which was bright in the car?Exercises:1. The teacher _went to see me yesterday is Mr. Smith.2. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ price was very reasonable.3. The book _
9、 you are reading is very interesting.4. Yesterday she sold her car_ she bought a month ago.5. My brother_ is in Beijing will come to see me.6. Mr. Read is the person to_ you should write.7. They have reached the point_ they have to separate with each other.8. Its helpful to put children in a situati
10、on_ they can see themselves differently9. I will never forget the day_ we met each other10. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition.11. Do you know the reason_ she got so angry?12. The only language_ is easy to learn is the mother tongue13. Can you see a man and his horse
11、_ are crossing the bridge?14. Last year the famous actress did all_ she could to help the poor children in that mountain village.15. There are several story-books_ Red Star is the best one_ I have ever read.A. whose; that B. of which; that C. which; that D. of which; as16. Who is the man_ is standin
12、g there?17. Let me think of a situation_ this word can be used.18. That supper was the most expensive meal_ we had ever had.19. They talked about the persons and things_ they saw in the factory.20. This is the factory _ he worked last year. 21. This is the factory_ he worked in last year. (3) as引导的定
13、语从句as引导的限制性定语从句时常出现在一些固定搭配中，如the sameas; suchas; asas; soas中，as在定语从句中既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中可作主语，表语，宾语.1. Beijing is not the same as it used to be. 2. The explorer took only such things as he really needed into the jungle. 3. You can take as many as you need. 注意：such.as/ suchthat的区别such.as中as引导的是定语从句，as在从句
14、中充当成分; such.that引导的是状语从句，that在从句中不充当句子成分.This is such an easy question_ I can answer.This is such an easy question_ I can answer it.注意：the same as./ the same that的区别： the same as表示相似的两样东西；the same that表示相同的一个人或物This is the same knife as I lost. (这把小刀与我丢失的那把刀很相似)This is the same knife that I lost.（这把
15、小刀就是我丢失的那把）as, which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：As引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，之中，之后，常指代整个主句的内容，常翻译为“正如.那样.”.常用于表示说话人对某事的态度，解释或评论。As引导的定语从句常有固定的译法：as we all know 大家都知道 as is known to all, 众所周知as you see 这点你明白 as often happens 这经常发生 as I can remember 正如我所记得的那样 as is expected 正如预料的那样as has been said before 如前所述 as is said
16、 above, 综上所述 as is often the case, 通常如此 as is reported in the newspaper, 如报纸所报导的 as is mentioned above,正如上面所提到的 as an old saying goes,俗话说，which引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后，用来指代前边整个主句(译为“这/这件事”)或主句中的部分词。Her son died, which made her very sad.She bought a beautiful dress, which is dear. (4) “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句:“介词+关
17、系代词”引导定语从句时，介词后面的关系代词常用which和whom,先行词是人用whom, 是物用which,不能用that.1. The school in which he once studied is very famous.2. The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.3. This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.4. The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.使用“介词+关系代
18、词”引导的定语从句时，介词的选择方法：1. 根据从句动词或形容词与介词的搭配2.根据先行词与介词的搭配3. 根据从句的意义来确定介词1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? （5）其它该注意的地方：1.先行词为occasions,当“时机”讲，用when引导定语从句，当“场合”讲，用where引导 Occasions a
19、re rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.2.先行词为way,定语从句缺主语或宾语时，用which/ that引导；缺状语用in which/ that引导或省掉。The way _ I though of to solve the problem proves to be practicalI dont like the way_ you solve the problem.3. 先行词为time,表次数，用that引导从句；表“一段时间”且从句不缺主、宾语时，用“when/ 表时间的介词+which”引导定语从句Thi
20、s is the first time that I have been here.This is at a time when there were no radios, no TV sets.4.先行词为“one+of+ 复数名词”，定语从句谓语动词用复数形式，若one of前出现the only/ very/ first/ last/ right”时，定语从句谓语动词用单数形式 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been askedShe is the only one of the girls who stu
21、dies hard2014高考真题1.（2014安徽卷）22The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.2.（2014北京卷）26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.3. （2014福建卷）31. Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain
22、experience for growth.4.（2014湖南卷）31.I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.5.（2014江苏卷）22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.6.（2014江西卷）28. Among the many dangers_ sailors have t
23、o face , probably the greatest of all is fog .7.（2014山东卷）10. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.8.（2014陕西卷）13. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.9.（2014陕西卷）15. _ the delayed flight will take off depends mu
24、ch on the weather.10.（2014四川卷）4. By now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.11.（2014天津卷）12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently.12.（2014浙江卷 ）5. I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to res
25、cue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.13.（2014重庆卷 ）9.Well reach the sales targets in a month_we set at at the beginning of the year.2013高考真题 定语从句1.【2013北京】 Many countries are now setting up national parks_ animals and plants can be protected. 2.【2013福建】The book tells stories of the ear
26、thquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.3.【2013湖南】 Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.4.【2013江苏】 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China ._, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.5.【2013江西】He wrote
27、 a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.6.【2013辽宁】 He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team.7.【2013山东】 There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. 8.【2013山东】 Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside
28、world. 9.【2013陕西】_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.10.【2013四川】 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.11.【2013天津】 We have launched another man-made satellite,_ is announced in todays newspaper.12.【2013新课标II卷】 When I arrived
29、, Bryan took me to see the house _I would be staying.13.【2013新课标I卷】”You cant judge a book by its cover,” .A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying14.【2013浙江】 The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. a
30、ll of which C. all of them D. all of whom15.【2013浙江】 The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.16.【2013重庆】 John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _are family members.17.【2013安徽】 Mo Yan was awarded t
31、he Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.用所学语法知识破译下列长难句1(2012全国卷阅读A)Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.2(2012安徽高考阅读D)In Asia, there are special compet
32、itions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them.3(2012广东高考阅读B)The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock.按要求完成下列写作佳句(用定语从句翻译句子)1医生建议我多吃富含维生素C的食物，这有助于感冒的恢复。_2在我们学校，英语角非常受那些想提高英语口语的学生们的欢迎。_3我经常参加英语角，在那里我不仅可以提高我的口语而且还可以了解一些西方风俗。_