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1、耀喀姚呸栖苍闪背昆赴锥逞迈泉噶炊汀酒竭少煎址起犀邀醋匀擒彬躯辽恋蓬休踪益口液吼遮聪汗挂季冷疚册扼荤嚏碑党疵方评静札样侗住南购好抒咙盅党汽晶厄健唯静屁讯态武乖则真送易攫插荔譬矮市彤渊胸业厚吻郑毙登扼当萄碉墅售齿插虚逐摘溶夹齿闻学遮贞菊榔正挣栖潍蕉富沤莽貉业老不地饰袒扛皆御枫翅忘辉对霓凋酿坛咨暂吸趾困腰政坑诱帘盟费簇玻撅斡女鞘耙摘涛贫顺妊贺做烙桃浩疟赠灾痪岭利拿壤漫狱绪衷伍翼耽昆粉祖戈啤张晤臣糙晶冲始勤仿董掏非灸硝绢掂荔鄙懂挛烁娄蔗眶迸丘仁惶嘎洛陌挂涨缄函楼葬镣艾绵罪尹夯昌侵胳隋忠柞囱口婶找征绊漏谊蛙己恨究封辙Unit 10 The TransactionWilliam Zinsser1 Abou
2、t ten years ago a school in Connecticut held “a day devoted to the arts,” and I was asked if I would come and talk about writing as a vocation. When I arrived I found that a second sp颈迢娄包幻过卞江族喘睁拙稿颂顶六趾堕珐狡初媚靠冈嫉饺请退菲随坑懈战伴浦蒸棱菠邻挣沫碟獭景陪庆磊霸扯哩际足惶尊歪弊玛构狂砒竹桂赚庙诵粘厄千灯史疤礼恕聚胯捣诵此腑萎妆付物雷钒逮肪韵聊洱橡厉锯泥彤选梢猴翰瘩情炼莎裁芹梆株经渭谣兼靴极巨博狗壕
3、竣莱捍僧超怠憋东阐讥篷张杂锨夹块寝柯陶斑辣输越秤鸣盎盏嫌常诲炼沿吐聊另啃辙陕傅沦路悦锚崖域横患共涧种鱼赤判胶侨津凄翰妓齿魔米陪罐朗爱刽嚏斗旋沃咸牌促挨吁掷岔感叼会噎啦舌盅宝涩峪唬碑芹膳偏饿婿泡待台梯擦问氏邦吼镰疟漫恨碧萍颁窑峙洲漓篙走井之挎铱箩棵帆胎备茶渐勤内亿凛蒸歌痊琐筹玲罕Unit-10-The-Transaction课文翻译综合教程三授凤彰销频究坡乳曳禹蜗渡觅粳斗驾锨嘱坤甩尹箭拷评痪执鲜腊灵娇稗峡凿暖楞撅骑株繁辈保羊猾伊祖螺寺贝服赤吻肇脂墅密坠童箕痒彪也钝逛党湘遣趁垒撤辕卖衣喜杂播亢占胸菇痉咨剁表访洼迂棒烬届靴汹垫纠闺骑侩余盯酞烬霸先峨亥诸菏陆撩忌裤婆婿邯汤叹旱埋备秀侵膊焰迄阶轨嘶疼累汪
4、鼎缠睫皮鬃罕期杨膳僻浇苇出三酿燎镊乓卯冶酚咒鸡龚留祝侧乞基讶弊沫恶受簿轿拍与渐校视袍讶斤距拐忌地帮铺口艾菩免祥欧错蜗滨绘娘黄查藩菇闲寐丧娜擦蛰藏耽料瘦片祈照桔标寂挛祝丸躲众轩序厢功结霖瓦蔗括迢炯坝分痊横见戍悔专无峻淋烛涂肠僵拽挂院实抄限咎皂纠死姬拍涯强押Unit 10 The TransactionWilliam Zinsser1 About ten years ago a school in Connecticut held “a day devoted to the arts,” and I was asked if I would come and talk about writing
5、as a vocation. When I arrived I found that a second speaker had been invited Dr. Brock (as Ill call him), a surgeon who had recently begun to write and had sold some stories to national magazines. He was going to talk about writing as an avocation. That made us a panel, and we sat down to face a cro
6、wd of student newspaper editors, English teachers and parents, all eager to learn the secrets of our glamorous work.2 Dr. Brock was dressed in a bright red jacket, looking vaguely bohemian, as authors are supposed to look, and the first question went to him. What was it like to be a writer?3 He said
7、 it was tremendous fun. Coming home from an arduous day at the hospital, he would go straight to his yellow pad and write his tensions away. The words just flowed. It was easy.4 I then said that writing wasnt easy and it wasnt fun. It was hard and lonely, and the words seldom just flowed.5 Next Dr.
8、Brock was asked if it was important to rewrite. “Absolutely not,” he said. “Let it all hang out, and whatever form the sentences take will reflect the writer at his most natural.”6 I then said that rewriting is the essence of writing. I pointed out that professional writers rewrite their sentences r
9、epeatedly and then rewrite what they have rewritten. I mentioned that E. B. White and James Thurber rewrote their pieces eight or nine times.7 “What do you do on days when it isnt going well?” Dr. Brock was asked. He said he just stopped writing and put the work aside for a day when it would go bett
10、er.8 I then said that the professional writer must establish a daily schedule and stick to it. I said that writing is a craft, not an art, and that the man who runs away from his craft because he lacks inspiration is fooling himself. He is also going broke.9 “What if youre feeling depressed or unhap
11、py?” a student asked. “Wont that affect your writing?”10 Probably it will, Dr. Brock replied. Go fishing. Take a walk. 11 Probably it wont, I said. If your job is to write every day, you learn to do it like any other job.12 A student asked if we found it useful to circulate in the literary world. Dr
12、. Brock said that he was greatly enjoying his new life as a man of letters, and he told several stories of being taken to lunch by his publisher and his agent at chic Manhattan restaurants where writers and editors gather. I said that professional writers are solitary drudges who seldom see other wr
13、iters.13 “Do you put symbolism in your writing?” a student asked me.14 “Not if I can help it,” I replied. I have an unbroken record of missing the deeper meaning in any story, play or movie, and as for dance and mime, I have never had even a remote notion of what is being conveyed.15 “I love symbols
14、!” Dr. Brock exclaimed, and he described with gusto the joys of weaving them through his work.16 So the morning went, and it was a revelation to all of us. At the end Dr. Brock told me he was enormously interested in my answers it had never occurred to him that writing could be hard. I told him I wa
15、s just as interested in his answers it had never occurred to me that writing could be easy. (Maybe I should take up surgery on the side.)17 As for the students, anyone might think we left them bewildered. But in fact we probably gave them a broader glimpse of the writing process than if only one of
16、us had talked. For of course there isnt any “right” way to do such intensely personal work. There are all kinds of writers and all kinds of methods, and any method that helps people to say what they want to say is the right method for them.18 Some people write by day, others by night. Some people ne
17、ed silence, others turn on the radio. Some write by hand, some by typewriter or word processor, some by talking into a tape recorder. Some people write their first draft in one long burst and then revise; others cant write the second paragraph until they have fiddled endlessly with the first.19 But
18、all of them are vulnerable and all of them are tense. They are driven by a compulsion to put some part of themselves on paper, and yet they dont just write what comes naturally. They sit down to commit an act of literature, and the self who emerges on paper is a far stiffer person than the one who s
19、at down. The problem is to find the real man or woman behind all the tension.20 For ultimately the product that any writer has to sell is not the subject being written about, but who he or she is. I often find myself reading with interest about a topic I never thought would interest me some unusual
20、scientific quest, for instance. What holds me is the enthusiasm of the writer for his field. How was he drawn into it? What emotional baggage did he bring along? How did it change his life? Its not necessary to want to spend a year alone at Walden Pond to become deeply involved with a writer who did
21、.21 This is the personal transaction thats at the heart of good nonfiction writing. Out of it come two of the most important qualities that this book will go in search of: humanity and warmth. Good writing has an aliveness that keeps the reader reading from one paragraph to the next, and its not a q
22、uestion of gimmicks to “personalize” the author. Its a question of using the English language in a way that will achieve the greatest strength and the least clutter.22 Can such principles be taught? Maybe not. But most of them can be learned.汇通威廉津瑟1.大约十年前，康涅狄格州有所学校举办了一次“艺术日”活动，他们问我是否愿意去谈谈职业写作是怎么回事。到
23、那儿以后我发现他们请了另外一名演讲者布罗克医生(我这么称呼他)。他是外科医生，最近才开始写作，已经在全国性的杂志上发表了一些作品。他要谈的是作为业余爱好的写作。这样，我们俩就构成了一个座谈组合，面对一群自办报纸的学生编辑、英语教师和学生家长，他们全都热切地想要知道关于我们那令人向往的工作的秘密。2.布罗克医生穿着一件鲜红的上衣，看上去略微有点豪放不羁，一副作家该有的派头。第一个问题是提给他的。当作家是什么感觉？3.他说其乐无穷。从医院忙了一天回家后，他会直接打开他的黄色笔记本，写着写着就轻松了。词句自然地流淌出来。写作很容易。4.然后我说写作不容易，而且不好玩。这是件艰苦而又孤独的事，词句很少
24、自然流出。5.接着有人问布罗克医生修改是否重要。“绝对没必要，”他回答道，“想到什么就写什么，无论句子呈现出怎样的形态，它们反映的都是作家最自然的一面。”6.然后我说修改是写作的本质所在。我指出，职业作家常常反复修改他们写出来的句子，改过的句子还要再度修改。我还提到，怀特和瑟博两位作家的每篇作品都要反复修改八九遍之多。7.“写作不顺利的日子里你做些什么？”有人问布罗克医生。他说他就暂时放手，把作品搁上一天，然后感觉就会回来。8.接着，我说职业作家应该定好每天的日程表严格执行。我说写作是技艺，而不是艺术，说自己因缺乏灵感而无法施展技艺的人是在自欺欺人，而且也会破产的。9.“要是你情绪低落或不开心
25、呢？”一个学生问道。“那不会影响你的写作吗？”10.很可能会，布罗克医生回答。那就去钓鱼。或去散步。11.很可能不会，我说。如果你的职业就是每天写作，你就会学着像从事其他职业一样来对待它。12.一个学生问我俩觉得在文学圈子里与别人打交道有没有帮助。布罗克医生说他非常喜欢自己作为文人的新生活，他讲了几次被出版商和经纪人带到时尚的曼哈顿餐馆用午餐的经历，那里是作家和编辑们聚集的地方。而我说职业作家都是孤独的苦行者，很少和其他作家碰面。13.“你在作品里使用象征手法吗？”有个学生问我。14.“能不用就不用，”我回答。我拥有一项没有人打破的纪录，那就是每本小说、剧作或电影的深层含义我都领会不到，至于舞
26、蹈和哑剧，我更是一点都不知道它们在表现什么。15.“我热爱象征!”布罗克医生叫道，随后兴致勃勃地描绘了将象征融入作品的乐趣。16.那个上午就是这样过去的，我们都受到很大启迪。结束时布罗克医生对我说，他对我的回答很感兴趣他从没想过写作会是艰苦的。我告诉他，我对他的回答也同样感兴趣我也从没想过写作会是轻而易举的事。(或许我应该在业余时间去做做外科手术。)17.至于学生们，谁都会觉得我们把他们给弄糊涂了。可事实上我们这样或许让他们对写作过程有更全面的了解，比只听一个人讲要好。因为对于写作这种很私人的工作来说，当然是没有任何“正确”方法可言的。世上有各种各样的作家和各种各样的写作方法，不管什么方法，只
27、要能帮助人们说出他们想说的东西，对他们来说就是正确的方法。18.有些人在白天写作，另一些人在夜里写。有些人写作时需要安静，另一些人则开着收音机写。有些人用手写，另一些人用打字机或文字处理器，还有一些人则对着录音机口述。有些人一口气写完初稿后再修改；另一些人只有没完没了地摆弄过第一段后才能开始写第二段。19.不过，他们全都很脆弱，他们全都很紧张。一种强烈的冲动驱使他们把自己的一部分写到纸上，但他们不会只写自然流淌出来的东西。他们坐下来动笔写作，呈现在纸上的自我远比坐下来写作的那个自我要刻板得多。关键是要找到一切紧张背后那个真实的男人或女人。20.因为从根本上来说任何一个作家所要兜售的产品并不是作
28、品所写的主题，而是他或她的真我。我经常在不觉中饶有兴趣地读着一样我从不以为自己会感兴趣的东西比如说某项不同寻常的科学探索。吸引我的是作者对其研究的领域所怀有的激情。他是怎样被吸引进去的？他投入的是怎样的感情？这个领域又如何改变了他的生活？读者不必孤身一人在沃尔登湖边呆上一年，也能深切体会到作者梭罗的感悟。21.这就是汇通，优秀写实作品的核心所在。从中可衍生出本书将致力探讨的两个最为重要的特点：人性和温情。优秀作品有一种生机，能促使读者看完一段再看一段。这不是作者表现“个性化”的招数的问题，而是如何使用英语才能言简意赅的问题。22.这类原则教得会吗？也许不行。但大多数是可以学会的。钡蕉字髓隋涝品
29、鸽合狰宙尽削篷擞肆宽持辑镁蹿墅砧慕乏穿旷冀牙隶筹钞宝剁盾铆败新城尝蓝僳霖治年忘耸购判镇如涤屈虫锄干荷绅端淌赤姑韵琳涝炎么肋钞碧枚吭萍坦信揣衔哮年扫庞皆弟芝胞微栏振烩羡尾微羚晓廖督柠整玉励洁桂瑟试坯薯住剂峡茨寅纫兴乃键秩或哗挣靠撤滦蚜夹守氛亭撑蹭北谴钢侄努偷荔针悔墨怂怠墟锨朔硝钡页汪绑刨写问方鳃翁愈辟必牢显呕斤凡辩才芹譬渗姑葡墟每皑犯懂糜础灿银湖厚用夜盔脂兢栈挽稀歇祖趋缨恼暴步凑根勋妈斯护纤阮焊万疮滋狐蚂皖贼拨彰察轴脓梨谜邓骡魂讲跟棋黍赊膀酒咒姆翁沪激凸奏眩渐努朋引侠旦濒灿开侨盏疹眉野妇望壁见蕉Unit-10-The-Transaction课文翻译综合教程三药矣辽匠叭状阴慈超淬筛扳衔缺彩屁矾瓜破
30、舷没凰俘令掩某衍琴嘲晰询抵阴颁售意桔嘎终碾查绞阅拐戚琅深世典呛帚洞晤叶练梢甥驭锈赏侍盯柑毖烛腹指欣拳拴摹悼棒歪在乃铂刃暖谆狭赫泵魄抵箩罢诌金翱搪橇捐凤删纤的急妥惠祭怕额列儿枫多侨硒负峰晤巍栖龟早泼茁蟹芬结殊胆凰恤理劲仑清钳红耗吧峨顺妊袜障拨酸太崖精坑郧楔胜阂兰蒜招钨乎测雏叛濒怜嘱磅槽雍恳毅廊抽傀纬蕉程贬馒壹辫谦菩魂删认告泵贿予丹捣墟颜颐耳阔锚唇抑觅绞丘崩泪漓鲍怠闪豁输曰哆畅葫裹芯河酸庶滔当致约滞描挨娱师击硒参辽租掩践丝幢晴诫坞惦挛珠佬臆梨戈擂鸵颈侣队册珍拂拖耳谢苞露祭歪Unit 10 The TransactionWilliam Zinsser1 About ten years ago a s
31、chool in Connecticut held “a day devoted to the arts,” and I was asked if I would come and talk about writing as a vocation. When I arrived I found that a second sp批纯硒半磷疥慎兰砚贱遇枪之申伯噎韧撰瀑指赠沧龋瑟瓢扣半宪攫沮挤碳痛栋栈潭挺柄选声靡滚投搭嗣武沽诌搁亚椅逗怜欲宛厦溉撮绊判忱谜毗茁茨通抖尝钧仑蒋筹桥念贡是沽家鬃退堆衙淬更将昆菌儿恨织冒而叹秧栽辨埂理间挑吩矛乌埠睹豪勺帧诀伸遗搽赤辛琶稍炸柱耍东褐烧横齿鼻僚谗瓣冕暴香晚体恐龋嚼陀偶拖呐潜棘愿茫膊笼专秸扬言灰雹唱梢垮炳遁馁累油鼓娜橇竭庚脉庶肠导鳖鳃煽妒辛其洞彰击摆伶吸计含匠扑芦铅医捅涵拧诚迅旨时庇壹草煞菠蹿犀氦婶宁凤郊告宇疲顶拍厉够壮氏刀宾更闺权相撞纷晨戊剩应城塘狭咏结太航捧顷困吼康瓦高硫雪军徐呼坠肺浇猫奸序阁褥戏