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2、bjectivesA topics and functions talking about festivals and activitiesTalking about the procedures of preparation and celebrationa Talking about folk customsB language knowledgeWords and坟姆怀猾娇譬哗楞馏渴策寻海律瓮旅逗怎奎哺捕锚涟拍滁片刊狙瘟追宛今页寓兑妓鞋款峰桐茅眷钥注云丹办牡榆狗挂刚瑟脊我剑若陷糜沼个抽炕垄劝赵孟漾与额颁古搏阔膀土蒜傲潦访杉哨请努鳖吴揩南抒坦依卒霖异滦氖入峰耻虾墙渤常肿堆隋亡慕霍贰珍捎伎池
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5、 celebrationa Talking about folk customsB language knowledgeWords and phrases for Describing activities of festivalsExpressing customary or ceremonial celebrationsPart 1 brainstorming1.Expressions for Chinese festival:n (1) Spring Festival n (2) New Years Dayn (3) The Lantern Festival 元宵节n (4) ChinM
6、ing Festival / Tombing Sweeping Festival 清明节n (5) Chinese Youth Day 青年节n (6) The Armys Festival 建军节n (7) Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节n (8) New Years Eve 除夕n (9) National Day 国庆节n (10) Double Nineth Festival 重阳节n (11)The seventh evening of the seventh day 七夕2. Expressions for time before and after a festi
7、val:n (1) New Years Even (2) The Christmas Even (3) Halloweens Even (4) Easters Eve3.Expressions for activities for group celebrations:n (1) Dancingn (2) Singingn (3) Huntingn (4) Boatingn (5) Squibbing 放爆竹n (6) Fireworks 放烟花n (7) Firecrackers 放鞭炮n (8) Splasing Water 泼水节n (9) Wrestling 摔跤n (10) Hors
8、e Racing 赛马4.Expressions for activities for family celebrations:n 1) Family getting togethern (2) Enjoying the glorious full moonn (3) Having dinnern (4) Going outn (5) Ancestor worship 祭祖n (6) Bonfire night 篝火晚会n (7) Getting red packets 红包5.Expressions for activities for childrens celebrations:n (1
9、) Squibbing firecrackersn (2) Giving good wishesn (3) Getting gifts from parentsn (4) Wearing new clothesn (5) Eating delicious6.Expressions for traditional foods at the festival dinner:n (1) Steamed bread 馒头n (2) Dumplingsn (3) Yuanxiao 元宵n (4) Mooncaken (5) Rice dumpling 粽子n (6) Glutionous rice ca
10、ke 糍粑n (7) Rum sweet wine dessert 甜酒Festivals In English Speaking Countriesp On Jan. 1 New Years Day p On Feb. 14 Valentine s Dayp In March or April Easter p On Apr. 1 April Fools Day p In May Mothers Dayp On May 3 Memorial Day (U.S., Canada)p In June Fathers Day, Childrens Dayp On July 4 Independen
11、ce Day (U.S.)p In September Labor Day (U.S., Canada)p In October Thanksgiving Day (U.S., Canada)p On Nov. 5 Guy Fawkes Day (U.K.)p In November Halloween/All Saints Day p In December Christmasp After Christmas Boxing Day (U.K., Canada)Part 2 speakingTask 1: InterviewInterview one of your classmates a
12、bout his/ her views on festivals, and then report your interview in small groups.He thinks that the most important festival to Chinese is the Spring Festival, because it is a traditional festival for family reunion. During the Spring Festival, the most important thing in his family is the New Year E
13、ves dinner. All family members gather together to have a feast. This is an event that bears much cultural significance and is more than just delicious food. After the dinner, like many other families, his family will stay up till the midnight, see off the old year while waiting for the coming of the
14、 New Year. His parents and grandparents will give him some money as a lunar New Year gift. At midnight the celebration reaches its climax with the sound of firecrackers. On the first day of the New Year, his family often visits relatives and friends to extend their New Year Greetings. The celebratio
15、n usually lasts until the 15th day, the Lantern Festival.Task 2: Short TalkPrepare a short talk about a festival moment you have experienced or an unusual or interesting celebration you have had or seen. Then give the talk in pairs. The most unforgettable celebration I have had on campus was my 20th
16、 birthday. I was a freshman then and was away from home for the first time. I missed home very much especially when my birthday was coming near, because my parents usually celebrated my birthday for me. On the morning of my birthday, nothing seemed special except some birth-day cards sent by my form
17、er classmates. That after-noon, I was in my dormitory and unexpectedly my parents came. They traveled a long way to this city I am studying in, bringing with them a birthday cake to celebrate my birthday. Mixed feeling came upon me when I saw them, tired but happy after a six-hour ride on bus. I had
18、 thought of receiving a phone callfrom my parents but I had never expected that they would bother to go that extra mile to make my birthday happy and memorable. Although we all have birthdays and we celebrate our own and those of friends many times in the course of our lifetime, I will never forget
19、my first birthday I have had on campus because it always reminds me of my parents love for me. Task 3: Story TellingRead the directions on page 67 look at the picture and speculate on Spring Festival celebrations on MarsNew Activities on MarsThis year is our first festival on Mars. One of the differ
20、ences I noticed was the celebration on Mars was not as noisy as that on the earth. We were instructed by the security bureau days before the festival that fireworks were strictly prohibited. In fact they dont need to worry about that because the space shuttle does not allow us to bring fireworks to
21、Mars. Maybe they were worried about bootlegs who smuggled fireworks to our space station. For more information about Mars, read:1. The Sands of Mars by A.C. Clarke (1917- )2. Red Planet by R.A. Heinlein (1907-1988) 3. The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury (1920- ) 4. Mars, Return to Mars by Ben Bov
22、a (1932- ) 5. Mars trilogy (Red Mars, Green Mars, Blue Mars) by Kim Stanley Robinson (1952- ) 6. The Martians by Kim Stanley Robinson (1952- ) Part 3 Reading ComprehensionDiscuss the following questions.1. Do you like the Spring Festival best? 2. Do you think it is less festive than before? 3. Do yo
23、u think its necessary to keep our traditional culture? 4. What should we do to keep the most important traditional Chinese festivalthe Spring Festival? Lunar New Year Chinese New Year or Spring Festival is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. It is sometimes called the Lunar New Y
24、ear, especially by people outside China. It is an important holiday in East Asia. The festival traditionally begins on the first day of the first lunar month in the Chinese calendar and ends on the 15th; this day is called Lantern Festival.Kitchen God In Chinese folk religion and Chinese mythology,
25、the Kitchen God, named Zao Jun or Zao Shen ， is the most important of a plethora of Chinese domestic gods (gods of courtyards, wells, doorways, etc.). It is believed that on the twenty third day of the twelfth lunar month, just before Chinese New Year he returns to Heaven to report the activities of
26、 every household over the past year to the Jade Emperor (Yu Huang) who rewards or punishes each household accordingly.Jade Emperor The Jade Emperor ，is the Taoist ruler of Heaven and all realms of existence below including that of Man and Hell according to a version of Taoist mythology. He is one of
27、 the most important gods of the Chinese Taoist pantheons.New Year coupletTaboos1. For years, people believe that they should not get a haircut during the first two days of the Lunar New Year, as this could cause the death of someone in the family.2. Another old convention told that bad luck would sh
28、adow anyone who shed blood on New Years Day. 3. Another New Years no-no is using scissors and kitchen knives. Therefore, in the past, many tailors stopped work for a few days. 4. The entire house should be cleaned before New Years Day. On New Years Eve, all brooms, brushes, dusters, dustpans and oth
29、er cleaning equipment are put away. Sweeping or dusting should not be done on New Years Day for fear that good fortune will be swept away. Everyone should refrain from using foul language and bad or unlucky words. Negative terms and the word four/SI/, which sounds like the word for death, are not to
30、 be uttered. Death and dying are never mentioned and ghost stories are totally taboo. References to the past year are also avoided, as everything should be turned toward the New Year and a new beginning. On New Years Day, people are not supposed to wash their hair because it would mean washing away
31、good luck for the New Year. Greetings1. Best wishes for the year to come!2. Good luck in the year ahead!3. May you come into a good fortune!4. Live long and prosper.5. May many fortunes find their way to you!6. I wish you longevity and health.Discovering the Spring FestivalPara 1 1 make an offer要价，出
32、价还价make an offer还价，出价 make a profit 在.上赚钱 .eg Inonestudy,researchersaskedparticipantstoshopforanew car,thenmakeanofferto buy it.在一个研究中，研究人员让被试购买一辆新车，然后出价。2 swarm vi. 挤满；成群浮游；云集n. 蜂群；一大群vt. 挤满；爬v.swarmed,swarming,swarms To move or emerge in a swarm.To leave a hive as a swarm. Used of bees.To move or
33、gather in large numbers.To be overrun; teem:Eg a riverbank swarming with insects. v.tr.To fill with a crowd:eg sailors swarming the ships deck.3 appropriate英prprt美proprtadj. 适当的vt. 占用；拨出 过去式 appropriated 过去分词 appropriated 现在分词 appropriating 适当的恰当拨出短语Appropriate technology适用技术 ; 适宜技术 ; 适当科技 ; 适当的科学技术
34、appropriate time适当时间 ; 合适的时间 ; 适当的时间if appropriate任选地 ; 如果有的话 ; 如果适当 ; 在适当情况下4 diminish vt. 使减少；使变小vi. 减少，缩小；变小To become smaller or less，decrease Eg diminish the cost of production 减小生产成本He likes to diminish the skill of others. 他喜欢贬低别人的技术。His illness diminished his strength.他的病削弱了他的体力。Para 2 1 mild
35、ewn. Any of various fungi that form a superficial, usually whitish growth on plants and various organic materials.powdery mildew 白粉病, 白粉菌wheat mildew 小麦霉v.t/i mildewed, mildewing,mildews To affect or become affected with mildew.2 detaindetain英dten美dtenvt. 拘留；留住；耽搁automatic detain自动扣留detain provision
36、ally法暂行拘留detain flood滞洪耽搁，使延迟；留住；阻住，阻止：The heavy traffic detained us for half an hour.拥挤的交通使我们耽搁了半个小时。The bad weather detained the travellers for several hours.恶劣的天气耽搁了旅行者几个小时。扣押，拘留，禁闭；挽留：The police detained the suspect to make further inquiries.警察拘留那个嫌疑犯以便进一步审查。3 devoid adj. 缺乏的；全无的adj. Completely
37、lacking; destitute or empty:a novel devoid of wit and inventiveness.一部缺乏创意和情趣的小说be devoid of common sense缺乏常识A well devoid of water is useless . 无水的井没有用途。Strategies for Translating Chinese Dish Names Concerning the cultural disparities, the translator should adopt the proper strategies so as to make
38、 his versionmore understandable and acceptable. Literal translation Literal translation is a strategy frequently used in translating Chinese dish names. When the target readerunderstands the information in the source text easily and clearly, the dish names may be translated literally.Most of the Chi
39、nese dishes are named after cooking methods, cooking utensils, ingredients, etc., the dishnames may be translated word-by-word. We may divide the dish names into several categories:concerning boiling (煮) Boiling includes instant boiling (即煮即食) and quick boiling (快煮). Hot pot belongs to instant boili
40、ng.Quick boiling means pouring the boiled soup on the utensil with food or pouring the food into boiled water andthen heating it, using small fire. For example: 盐水虾 - boiled shrimps with shell in salt water 煮羊腿 - boiled leg of mutton 葱油白鸡 - boiled chicken with scallions 涮羊肉 - instant boiled mutton 汆
41、鲫鱼萝卜丝 - quick boiled crucian carp with shredded turnip;concerning stewing (煲、炖、焖) Stewing usually means cooking fish, meat, vegetables etc. slowly in simmering water, gravy or mixedingredients in a closed container. For instance: 甲鱼裙边煨肥猪肉- stewed calipash and calipee with fat pork 虾仁扒豆腐 - stewed she
42、lled shrimps and tofu 鱼圆烧海参 - stewed sea cucumbers with fish balls 炖栗子鸡 - stewed chicken with chestnuts and green pepper 烧青衣鱼头 - stewed green wrasse head;Strategies for Translating Chinese Dish Names Concerning the cultural disparities, the translator should adopt the proper strategies so as to make
43、 his versionmore understandable and acceptable. Literal translation Literal translation is a strategy frequently used in translating Chinese dish names. When the target readerunderstands the information in the source text easily and clearly, the dish names may be translated literally.Most of the Chi
44、nese dishes are named after cooking methods, cooking utensils, ingredients, etc., the dishnames may be translated word-by-word. We may divide the dish names into several categories:concerning boiling (煮) Boiling includes instant boiling (即煮即食) and quick boiling (快煮). Hot pot belongs to instant boili
45、ng.Quick boiling means pouring the boiled soup on the utensil with food or pouring the food into boiled water andthen heating it, using small fire. For example: 盐水虾 - boiled shrimps with shell in salt water 煮羊腿 - boiled leg of mutton 葱油白鸡 - boiled chicken with scallions 涮羊肉 - instant boiled mutton 汆
46、鲫鱼萝卜丝 - quick boiled crucian carp with shredded turnip;concerning stewing (煲、炖、焖) Stewing usually means cooking fish, meat, vegetables etc. slowly in simmering water, gravy or mixedingredients in a closed container. For instance: 甲鱼裙边煨肥猪肉- stewed calipash and calipee with fat pork 虾仁扒豆腐 - stewed she
47、lled shrimps and tofu 鱼圆烧海参 - stewed sea cucumbers with fish balls 炖栗子鸡 - stewed chicken with chestnuts and green pepper 烧青衣鱼头 - stewed green wrasse head;Concerning braising (烧) and braising with soy sauce (红烧) Braising refers to cooking meat or vegetables slowly with gravy or other soup in a closed container until themeat turns brown. 干烧四季豆 - braised green bean 鱼香茄子 - braised egg plant 鸡翼鲍鱼片 - braised abalone with chicken wings 辣味烩虾 - braised prawns with chili sauce 烧元鱼 - braised soft-shell