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1、,简单句基本句型,Basic Sentence Patterns,Summary,.简单句,1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy.,主 + 谓,主 + 谓 + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语, ,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,名词性从句,Noun Clauses,起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。 换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表
2、语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。,请思考,定语从句的定义：,起定语作用，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。,名词性从句定义,4、同位语从句 ( appositive clause ),分类,1、主语从句 ( subject clause ),2、表语从句 ( predicative clause ),3、宾语从句 ( object clause ),1、English is very useful for us . 2、The subject I am interested in is English. 3、We need to master English well.
3、4、He want to learn the language , English .,请思考：,(主语),(宾语),(表语),(同位语),What he does is important.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,1. Her eyes are beautiful.,eyes,What he does,(主语),(主语从句),2. This is his job.,job,This is what he likes.,what he likes,表语,表语从句,3. I believe Lucy. I believe that you will succeed. 4. I like
4、Beijing, our capital.,Lucy,宾语,you will,succeed,宾语从句,capital,同位语,I believe the news that he was rich.,that,he was rich,同位语从句,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,1.What I want to do is taking a bath. 2.The news that they won the game spread the whole school. 3.I dont think he is an honest boy. The fact is that he stole t
5、he car. 4.Do you know the fact that he stole the car? 5.Do you know the man who is standing over there? 6.It is said that they won the game.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),名词性从句中的连接词有: 连词: that / whether / as if (though) 连接代词: what /who/which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / which
6、ever 连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever,(世纪金榜P40),引导名词性从句的连接词： that （无意义，一般不可省，不充当任何成分） whether, if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分,连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, w
7、herever, however 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,宾语,how much he was prepared to pay for my car.,that I could have the money without delay.,how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.,when
8、he was leaving for Paris.,that his father was working in that school.,宾语从句,宾语从句 Object Clause,在复合句中充当宾语的从句,I know you. I know that you are a singer. I know what you want. I know where he goes. I dont know whether/if you are a singer. Im interested in how you cook fish.,I know that you are a singer.
9、I know what you want. I know where he goes. I dont know whether/if you are a singer. Im interested in how you cook fish.,主句,宾语从句,+,复合句,I dont know whether/if you are a singer. They live in what used to be a park.,宾语从句的位置： (在谓语动词的后面) (1) 作及物动词(vt)的宾语 (2) 作介词的宾语,I know that you are a singer.,主句,宾语从句,+
10、,复合句,I know that you are a singer.,做题技巧： 1. 弄清句子意思； 2. 找出从句部分，判断是否为 名词性从句； 3. 分析从句成分，看所缺连接词 是否充当成分或充当什么成分， 结合句子意思最终确定答案。,1. I think that you are right.,1. I think (that) you are right. that 在从句中不充当成分, 可省略。 注意： I think you are right and you are honest.,一、that引导的宾语从句。,that you are honest.,1. 由连接词that引
11、导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。,2. I think it exciting that you won the game.,2. I think it exciting that you won the game.,形式宾语,宾补,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others. 我们认为帮助他人是我们的职责。,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把that引
12、导的从句放在宾补后面，而且that不能省略。,我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.,I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.,二、whether和if的用法： 1. 一般可通用 I dont know whether/if he will come. 2. 区别： 1) It depends on _ he will come. 2) Please tell me _ you will come or not.,whether,whether,三、what与which的区别： He believed _ he h
13、ad said. He lives in _ used to be a school. Please tell me _ shop offers the best fruit.,what,what,which,what: 什么,所的, 的人/事/地方 which: 哪个,有一定的选择范围,四、doubt引导的宾语从句： I doubt _ he can come. I dont doubt _ he will come.,whether/if,that,五、否定前移 I dont think you need my help. 我认为你不需要我的帮助。 (语法书P154),若主句谓语动词为th
14、ink,consider,suppose,believe, expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含 有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句 谓语用肯定式。例如：,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),He suggested we _ there by train. A. go B. went C. had gone 六、表示要求, 命令, 建议, 坚持等的动词后的宾语从句 中谓语用虚拟语气: (should) do (世纪金榜P41
15、),A,注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The teacher suggested that we (should) start at once. 老师建议马上出发。,宾语从句中的“时态呼应”,He told me that he _ his job. (已经完成了工作) 1）. 当
16、主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；,时态呼应,had finished,注意,1. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 2. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 3. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be),wrote,has taken,had been,The teacher said that
17、the sun travels around the earth.,2）. 当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.,3) 当从句是客观真理, 定义, 公理, 定理 时用一般现在时。,travels,The
18、 teacher said that the sun _ around the earth.,That,is,the fact.,表 语,what he needs. what he gave me. why he was late. because he was ill. what has happened.,表语从句 Predicative,在复合句中作表语的名词性 从句, 放在系动词之后 “主语+系动词+表语从句”。 可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。,The fact is _ he lost his money. The problem i
19、s _ he will insist or give up. Cenxi is _ I was born. That is _ we can do. It is _ he was too tired.,that,whether,where,what,because,一、引导词：,不能省略,(世纪金榜P41),that 引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。 e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.,ks5u精品课
20、件,2. whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作何成分,但不能省略。 e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,3. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。 e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,ks5u精品课件,His suggestion is that we _ there by train. A. go B. went C. had gone 二、主语为表示要求, 命令, 建议, 坚持等的名词时，表语从句 的谓语用虚拟语气: (should) do,A,