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1、精品文档 英语导游词语体特征研究 第22卷第4期2004年7月贵州大学学报(社会科学版)JOURNALOFGUIZHOUUNIVERSITY(SocialScience)Vol.22No.4Jul.2004英语导游词语体特征研究杨梅(贵州大学旅游系,贵州贵阳550025)摘要:无论是在语音、汇、法层次,还是在语场、旨、式等方面,英语导游词均具有自身独特的语体特征研究表明,了解和掌握这些特征,对提高外语导游的语言水平具有重要的意义关键词:英语;导游词;语体特征中图分类号:H313文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-5099(2004)04-0109-03作者简介:杨梅(1974-),女,贵州贵阳人
2、,贵州大学旅游系讲师?109?词句语语(3)停顿有结构性停顿和情感性停顿,英语导游词中恰到好处地借助情感性停顿不仅可以增强导游解说的说服力和人情味,而且还可以制造某种悬念,提高导游技巧(4)语音语调在口语交际中具有传情达意的功能英语导游词强调要正确,其中包括使用正确的语音语调生动而富有感染力的导游解说还往往做到语调高低搭配、扬起伏、弱相宜、折自然(5)此外,言语交际还与面部表情、作、势等因素有关在英语导游词的使用中还经常配合有表情、作、势的合理使用,以加强说服力和感染力,激发游览情绪因此,这些因素也是实现英语导游词特定表达效果的辅助因素,在使用中不得不加以注意2、汇特征不同的文体常要求使用不同
3、的词汇英语导游词的措辞要精确、俗、洁,有客观性,因此主要使用简明朴实的词汇同时,英语导游词的交流目的在于感染和劝导游客,所以也大量使用了带有个人感情色彩的词汇、表示语气的词汇(的、)、虚而缺乏实际含义的词汇(目前)等(1)名词性词组旅游交际活动的参与者是导游员与游客,交流物是旅游点的相关旅游信息这三要素在英语导游词中多表现为名词性词组按韩礼德提出的理论,名词性词组可以是人称代词、有名词和普通名词英语导游词中多使用人称代词we或she来指代导游所代表的国家、区、行社及景点,用you来指代旅游者从心理学的角度分析,人称代词的使用,可以增加旅游企业的人情味,给游客带来亲切感,缩短游客与旅游企业和导游
4、员之间的心理距离例如:WhentheYangtzeRiverreachestheeasternSichuanBasininsouthwestChina,shecutsthoughtheWushanMountain.Youarenowprobablywornoutaftersuchalongflight,andwearejustabouttogototheFriendshipHotel,whereyouwillbestayingduringyourvisit.(2)形容词导游讲解的目的是让游客了解有关旅游点的信息,获得审美感受,同时向游客推销旅游商品因此,英语导游词属于“鼓动性语言”(loade
5、dlanguage),其大量使用的形容词是描述性和评价性的形容词,如good,fresh,special,safe等,这一方面反映了导游语言的口头性,另一方面也显示了导游语言倾向性的感情色彩例如:YoucanenjoycleanfreshairintheHuangshanMountain.TheLijiangRiveriscrystalclear,andnomatterhowdeepthewaterisyoucanseethebottom.-theroundpebbles,thegreenweeps,andsmallfishthere.(3)动词旅游商品生产和消费的同步进行有赖于导游劝说的成功
6、行为动词有生命和活力,可以让游客的思想变为行动为使讲解生动简洁,内容一目了然,英语导游词多使用单音节动词如get,have,make,keep,feel,like,start等,它们词意繁多,用法灵活多变,是日常生活口语交际中使用最多的词语例如:NowletmetellyouhowBeijingRoastDuckiscooked.Ducksmustbesplitopen,dressed,scaldedanddried.Thetasteoftheroastduckisintheeating.Tryandjudgeforyourselves.3、法特征(1)多用简单句和简单的复杂句,少用结构复杂的
7、复合句为了更好地达到传递信息、销商品、流感情等目的,英语导游词应简明扼要,通俗易懂,生动活泼复杂冗长的句子会令游客生厌,甚至感到不知所云,而简单句短小精悍,结构简单,表意明确,具有很好的表意传情功能,连续使用简单句还能产生铿锵有力、脆有力的效果例如:Goodafternoon,ladiesandgentlemen.OnbehalfofCITSBeijingBranchandmycolleague,Iwelcomeyoutoourcapitalcity.Duringyourstayhere,Iwillbeyourlocalguide.Iwilltrytoansweranyquestionsyou
8、haveandtakecareofanyproblemsyoumayhave.以上这篇英语欢迎词全用简单的句子表达,琅琅上口,亲切自然(2)多使用疑问句和祈使句疑问句的使用是为了充分提高导游技巧,增加游兴导游讲解的问答法分自问自答、问客答、问我答几种形式,它把握旅游景点的特点和游客的心理特点设问作答,重点突出,针对性强英语导游词中使用疑问句可以造成悬念,引起游客注意,激发他们的好奇心,促使他们去了解问题答案,从而产生共鸣,加深印象例如:Doyouknowhowmanystepstherearefromheretothetopofthemountain?Iwilltellyouwhenyoure
9、achthere.WhyisCloisonnealsocalledinChinese“JingtaiBlue”?Thatisbecauseblueenamelischieflyusedwhen祈使句有请求、令、嘱、召人们做某事的含义导游员是旅游团队的指引者和保护者,他在提醒游客注意人身、产安全时、指引游客欣赏人文和自然风光时、敦促或规劝游客行为时都会大量使用祈使句例如:抑强转?110?动手动手词通简了吗啊表专Pleaserememberthebusnumber.Donotdrinkunboiledwaterherebecauseitmightcauseyousick.Letusheadfort
10、hehotel.Itisaboutanhoursride,sositbackandrelax.(3)恰到好处地运用感叹句感叹句的运用应做到适时,适地,得体,不恰当地运用只能引起游客的反感二、情景语境特征语体都可看成是一种交际形式,离不开交际的内容、际的参与者及交流媒介等环境因素就是功能文体学所说的情景语境根据功能文体学,情景语境包括语场、旨、语式语场是指发生的事件、社会活动,参与者从事的活动及其性质以及语言所描述的内容语旨涉及到参与者及其特点、会地位和角色关系语式是指语言在交际中的作用,包括交际渠道和修饰方式从语场角度上看,英语导游词是在导游过程中导游员与游客进行口头交流所使用的语言,它具有传
11、递服务信息,引导游客完成旅游活动的功能,也具有讲解旅游人文和自然景观及其背景,使旅游者获得知识,实现审美满足的功能因此,英语导游词首先应具有准确性,讲解的内容必须有根有据在此基础上讲求生动性和幽默感,多使用形象化的语言,运用恰当的比喻,努力使情景与语言交融从语旨方面分析,英语导游词涉及到导游员与游客之间的关系导游员必须具有良好的语言素养,了解本国与客源国之间文化上的差异,有针对性地向游客讲解和推销目的地旅游产品导游员是接待社、接待地甚至接待国的代言人,他在与游客的交际活动中处于主导地位,因而从这个意义上讲,导游员与游客间的关系是引导与被引导的关系,其间往往包含有强烈的情感成分这种关系决定了英语
12、导游词主观色彩较浓,导游员成为游客的注意中心,对不同层次的游客施加影响就语式而言,英语导游词是正式的书面语体与口语体的结合在具体的导游实践中,游客与导游员间的交流全靠口语来完成,因此它的交际渠道是听觉渠道而非视觉渠道,这决定了英语导游词典在使用中的灵活性三、结语综上所述,作为一种应用语体与口语体相结合的特殊语体,英语导游词的语体特征主要表现在语音、词汇、句法、情景语境特征上在编写及使用英语导游词的过程中,导游员应该在兼顾其他语体特征的同时,重点突出这些核心特征,使英语导游词具有更强的实用性和针对性,更好地为旅游文化交流活动服务参考文献:1Halliday,M.A.K.1973.Explorat
13、ionsintheFunctionofLanguage.London:EdwardArnold.2Halliday,M.A.K.1985a.“Dimensionsofdiscourseanalysis:Grammar”HandbookofDiscourseAnalysis.Ed.T.A.vanDijk.London:AcademicPress.3Halliday,M.A.K.1985b.AnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar.London:EdwardArnold.4Halliday,M.A.K.1994.AnIntroductiontoFunctionalGram
14、mar.2ndedition.London:EdwardArnold.5Halliday,M.A.K.&R.Hasan.1976.CohesioninEnglish.London:Longman.6程琪龙.系统功能语法导论M.汕头大学出版社,1994.7程雨民.英语语体学M.外语教育出版社,1989.8胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯M.上海外语教育出版社,1994.9胡壮麟.功能主义纵横谈M.外语教育与研究出版社,2000.10胡壮麟,朱永生,张德禄.系统功能语法概要M.湖南教育出版社,1989.11秦秀白.文体学概论M.湖南教育出版社,1986.12向萍.旅游英语M.高等教育出版社,1998.13
15、张德禄.功能文体学M.山东教育出版社,1998.14朱葆琛.200221世纪实用旅游英语M.旅游教育出版社,2002.AResearchontheLinguisticFeaturesofEnglishTourGuideSpeechGoodmorning,boysandgirls!WelcometoHebeiUniversityofEngineering.IamyourguideJoyce.Today,wearegoingtovisitthebuildingofarchitecturedepartment.Wehopethatallofyouwillfeelasgoodastodayssunsh
16、ineandenjoyyourselveshere.Inthefollowingtime,wewillhaveavisitonthebuildingofarchitecturedepartment.Duringthetourifyouhaveanyquestionsorsomegoodideaspleasepointthemout,Illtrymybesttosatisfyyou.Wishyouawonderfuljourney!Sowhatarewewaitingfor?Letsgo!Look!Thegrandbuildingbehindmeisthemostcharacteristicon
17、einthisschool.Itbelongstotheinstituteofurbanconstruction.OnmyleftliesthebuildingandthearchitectureschoolleansagainstthebuildingAndnowyouseeonmyrightisthesouthgateofthisuniversity.Itssaidthatthedesignchartcomesfromthestudentsinthisbuilding.Dontyouthinktheyaresoawesome?Doyouwanttogoinsidetoseeit?Letsg
18、o!Lookatthegateofthebuilding,doyoufeelitssolemnandgrand?Afterenteringthehall,thegreatancientscholarMozisfamousspeechwasengravedonthemarblewall.Ittoldthelatergenerationthattheprincipleofconstructingtheancientpalace.Itsjustforconvenienceandnotforbeautyandpleasure.However,peopleinthefollowingtimeviolat
19、edtheprinciple.Nowfollowmeletsseesomeotherthings.Thisisaconstructionbuildingmodelandhereisasomethinglikepillar.Ontheleftofthepillarthereismultimediaroom,letscomeinandhavealook.Sodoyouthinkitsmorespaciousandbrighterthanourclassroom?Walkoutoftheclassroom,acorridorappearsinfrontofus,onthewallpastesomed
20、esigncharts,lateryoullseemoredesigncharts.Besidesthecorridorliesacourtyard,thewestandeastwallswerecoveredwithlotsofgreenBostonivy.Sodoyoufeelalittlecoolinthehotsummersday?Actually,exceptforentertainment,thereisanotheruseofthecourtyard.Canyouguesswhatthefunctionis？Yes,thisroomisalsousedtobethejobhunt
21、ingsitetoofferaplatformoropportunitiesforourstudentstoshowthemselves.Nowletsgetbacktothecorridor.Attheendofthecorridorthereisaclosedcorridor,onbothsidesofthewallspastesomelandmarkdesignchartsofHandanCity,likeculturalartcenterandlibrary.Next,wellseeawindowfilledwithmanyconstructivematerialstoletourst
22、udentsobserveandlearn.Aftervisitingthefirstfloor,letsmoveontothesecondfloorandbeforewegoupstairs,Illshowyouanotherthing.Whatsthis?Ibelieveyouhaveguessedthatitsacornerofthepavilion.Nowletsgoupstairs!Isitfabuloustoseethefirstfloorsceneryonthispoint?Onthesecondfloor,thereisaspaceforustohavearest.Letsta
23、kesomebreak!Ok,havingtakensomerest,letsmoveonagain.Thesouthernpartofthebuildinghassomeofficesandreferencerooms.Therearestillrowsofstonespiledconstruction,aswellastheintroductionoftheArchitectureSchool.Theenvironmentandequipmentengineeringdepartment,watersupplyandsomeotherdepartmentsweresetupinthisco
24、llege.Nowletsmovetothenorthernpartofthisbuilding,thispartistheheadquarterofmodels.DoyouknowthegraduateoftheArchitectureSchoolDongShuen,thechiefarchitectandengineeroftheBirdsNest?Averyexcellentsenior,doyouagreewithme?Timeflies,ourvisitiscomingtoanendanditsverydifficultformetosaygoodbyetoyou.Ihighlyap
25、preciateyourunderstandingandcooperation.Idontexpectthatallofyouwillrememberme,butIreallyhopethatmyserviceisofhelptoyou.Thankyouverymuchandbestwishestoyou.LingeringGardenLingeringGardenisoneofthefourmajorgardensinChinaandoneoftheSuzhougardenslistedastheWorldCulturalHeritagesitebyUNESCO.Situatedbetwee
26、nSuzhousChangmenCityGateandtheTigerHill,itwasbuiltinthe16thcentury.ItsfounderwasXuTaishi,ahigh-rankingofficial.ItwasfirstnamedEastGarden,asopposedtotheWestGardenthatwaslaidoutwestofitatthesametimebythesameperson.In1798thegardenwasownedbyLiuRongfeng,anofficialinchargeofmilitaryaffairs.Itwasrepairedan
27、drenamedtheColdAzureMountainVilla.Localpeoplethoughtitwastooliterarytoremember,andusedtocallitLiuFamilysGarden,orsimplyLiusGardenandLiuGarden.In1876,ShengXuren,aprovincialofficialtookoverthegarden.Thenewowner,ShengFamily,changedthegardensfamilynameLiuintoanotherChinesecharacterliuwuththesamepronunci
28、ation.Thischaracterliumeans“lingertostay”.Thisisonlyaplayonwards.Sincethen,thegardenahsbeenknownasLiuGardenortheLingeringGarden.DuringtheAnti-JapaneseWarthegardenwasoccupiedbyJapanesehorsemenandreducedtoruins.In1953,thepeoplesgovernmentrepairedthegardenandrestoreditsformersplendor.Thegardencoversana
29、reaofmu,oraboutsixacres.Itscomposedofthecentral,eastern,western,andnorthernsections,withthecentralandeasternsectionsbeingitsquintessence.Thewesternareaisnotedfornaturalscenerywithrockeries,woodsandbrooks;andthenorthernpart,rusticscenery.Mostbuildingsinthegardenarenaturallyconnectedbya670-metre-longw
30、indingcorridor.Sothegardenscharacteristicsarewell-knitcompositionandinfinitevariety.Andgroupsofthebuildingsaredesignedingeniouslytodivideandcomposethespaceintoever-changinggardenscenes.PicturesqueCourtyardThelay-outofthecourtyardisquiteunique.Youseetherockeriesandplantsarearrangedwiththewhitewallast
31、hebackground.Suchadesignisbasedontheideathatthewhitewallislikeasheetofpaper,anditispaintedwithtrees,flowersandrocksasthemaintheme.ItsregardedasaChinesetraditionalpainting.StoneEngravingsSetinthewhitewallsalongthecorridorsareover373stoneengravings.Theyrecordessaysandpoemswrittenbyancientscholarsinpas
32、tdynastiesorshowbeautifulcalligraphywrittenbyfamouscalligrapherscenturiesagosuchasWangXizhi,Mifuandothers.IntertwinedOldTreesGrownontheflowerbedaretwotrees,oneiscypressandtheotheriscamellia.Dearfriends,Hello,everybody!WearegoingtovisittheattractionsisGrandBuddhaTemple,IwouldletyouintroduceGrandBuddh
33、aTempleprofile.WelcometoXianmen.IamgladtobeyourguidenameisChenxi.YoucancallmexiaoChenorChendao.Icomefromthehappytravelservice.ThisisourdriverMrSmith.AndpleaserememberourcoachnumberMinC12345.TodanwearegoingtovisitafamousscenicspotinXiamen,itisamust-seeinxianmen.Doyouknowwhereisit?Yes,itisGgulanyu.Iti
34、ssaidtocometoXiamenandnotgotoGulanyuisinvain.Gulanyuhasalonghistoryaswellasbeautifulscenery.LadiesandGentlemen,nowwehavearrivedatoursgotoffthecoach.pleasetakealongwithyourvaluablesandfollowme.DuringtheMingDynasty,theislandwascalledYuanshazhouIsland”圆沙洲”.DoyouknowwhyitiscalledGulanyuthen?Itissaidthat
35、inthesoutheastofthesea,therewasabigrock.Therockwaslashedbytheseawavesformanyyears,itgraduallyformedintoahugecave.Whentheseawavesbeattherockanditsoundslikethebeatingofadrum.TheislandcametobenamedGulang.GuinChinesemeansdrum,andLang,meanswaves.Gulangyuisletcoversanareaofsquarekilometerswhichlocatesonth
36、esoutheastofxiamen.Ithas20,000residents.Yousee,quiteasmallplace,buttherearemanyinterestingplaces,suchasSunshineRock,MusicHallandsoon.ItwasentitledasGardenonthesea,PianoisletandExhibitionofarchitecture.Nowletscometosunshinerock.SunshineRockisregardsasthemostbeautifulplaceinxiamen.Itisthehighestpointo
37、fxiamen.Lookthestatueoverthere.Doyouknowwhoishe?HeisZhengchenggong,ournationalhero,oncerecoveredTaiwanforChina.Thestatusis15metershighandmorethan1600tonsinweight.ThestatuscannotonlybeseenonGulanyubutalsoonvesselscomingandleavingtheXiamenport.OkletsgototheZhengchenggongmeorialhallfirst.Thehallwasbuil
38、ton februarythe1stof1962.Therearemanyrelicsinthehall.Youcangoaroundandhavealook.AftertherecoveryofTaiwan,ZhengchenggongdevotedhimselftotheconstrutionanddevelopmentofTaiwan.Justbecauseofhisgreatachivements.Though300yearpassed,peoplehaveneverforgottenthenationalhero.Oknowletsgototheshuicaotai.Thiswast
39、heplacewhenZhengchenggongdevelopedhisnavalforce.Sincethereisaplacefordillandtherearealsobarracksforthenavy.Follwme.LetsgototheLongtoushan,wherezhengchenggongstationedhisnavalforece.Aloughtthereisonlyhalfofthestonegateremained,youseetherearesomeholesonthem.Itissaidthattherewereleftbythesoldierssettig
40、uptents.Unconsiouslywereachthetop.Seeingthesceneryhereisreallyakindofenjoyment.ThisisthehigestpointofGulanyu.Nowstandingonpeak,youcangetaclearviewofthewholexiamenandbluesea,anddoyoufeelyouareveryproudofyourselftoconquersuchahighmountain.Look,canyouseetheredroofsintreesclosebyandthetallbuildingindown
41、townXiameninthedistance.Plusthegentlebreezefromtheseaandtheocassionalsoundsoftheseaweavs.DoyoufeelGulanyuisfantastic?Well,ladiesandgentlemen,duringthefollowingtime,youcanlookaroundortakesomephotos.Twentyminuteslater,wewillgathergoaheadpleaseOk,nowourtourhavecometoanend.Thankyouforyourcooperationandwelcomeyournextvisit.2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作 独家原创 14 / 14