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1、,Summary Writing 概要写作,What is a summary?,A summary is a _ passage which keeps _ of the original（原文） in your _ words but without your opinion.,shortened,the key information,own,main idea of the passage,+,key points,4-5 sentences 60-80 words,A Night the Earth Didnt Sleep,1. Get a general understanding
2、 of the passage,Part (Para1) _ the earthquake Part (Para2-3) _ the earthquake Part (Para4) _ the earthquake,before,during,after,In 1976, a _ earthquake struck Tangshan, causing _.,great/ terrible/ massive/horrible,great losses,2. Get the key points,1) Find the topic sentences if any,Part1: Part2: Pa
3、rt3:,Can we just put all topic sentences together to make a summary?,Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.,It seemed as if the world was at an end. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.,All hope was not lost.,Strange things were happening in the count
4、ryside of northeast Hebei.,But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.,2) Rewrite （summarize details 概括）,Strange things were happening.,There were _ of earthquake.,water; well walls; animals; lights; sound; pipes,signs,But people thoug
5、ht little of about these events.,There were some signs of earthquake but people thought little of them.,signs,It seemed as if the world was at an end.,a _ earthquake,In 15 terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.,2/3 of them thousands of families 400, 000,_ the whole city,at 3:42 directly below o
6、ne of the greatest was felt200 kilometres away ; 1/3 of the nation a huge crack; steam burst; rivers of dirt,_ many people,terrible,destroyed,killed,+,+,A terrible earthquake destroyed the whole city and killed many people.,Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.,All hospitals/ 75% f
7、actories/ buildings / 90% homes gone Dams fell / Bridgesnot safe; Railway tracksuseless,_ were _.,Buildings and facilities,Cows never give milk Pigs and chickens were dead Sand filled wells Water, food and electricity were hard to get.,_ were _.,Supplies,cut off,Nearly everything was destroyed, with
8、 buildings and facilities _ and supplies _.,damaged,cut off,damaged,A terrible earthquake destroyed the whole city and killed many people.,Nearly everything was destroyed, with buildings and facilities damaged and supplies cut off.,2. A terrible earthquake destroyed the whole city, with many people
9、_, buildings and facilities _ and supplies _.,+,killed,damaged,cut off,All hope was not lost.,Rescue came,dig out the trapped bury the dead build shelters transport water,3. Rescue in different _ arrived, which made the ruined city _ again.,hopeful,forms,There were signs of earthquake but people tho
10、ught little of them. The terrible earthquake destroyed almost the whole city, with many people killed, buildings and facilities damaged and supplies cut off. Rescue in different forms arrived, which made the ruined city hopeful again.,key points,In 1976, a terrible earthquake struck Tangshan, causin
11、g great losses.,main idea,In 1976, a terrible earthquake struck Tangshan, causing great losses. _, there were signs but people thought little of them. _, the whole city was destroyed, with many people killed, buildings and facilities destroyed and supplies cut off. _, rescue in different forms arriv
12、ed, which made the ruined city hopeful again.,before the quake,When it hit,soon after the disaster,3. Write into a summary,linking devices 连接手段,Luckily,Actually,In 1976, a terrible earthquake struck Tangshan, causing great losses. Actually, before the quake, signs had appeared but people there _them
13、. When it hit, within seconds, the city became simply hopeless, with _, buildings and facilities destroyed and supplies cut off. Luckily, soon after the disaster, rescue in different forms arrived, which made the ruined city hopeful again.,synonym 同义替换,4. Polish 润色,paid no attention to,numerous live
14、s lost,A summary,1.Main idea of the passage,2. Key points,1) Find topic sentences,support,make it more clear and add necessary information,3) Rewrite,3. Write and Polish,linking devices（衔接）,2) Summarize details (概括）,(synonyms) 同义替换,Tips,A summary is a short passage of 60-80 words. It has 4-5 sentenc
15、es, with the first one showing the main idea of the passage and others showing the key points. Write it in your own words and copying the original（原文） sentences is not allowed. Linking words should be added to make it coherent（连贯）. Be careful to avoid language mistakes. Improve handwriting to make the paper neat.,Homework:,Review what is learnt about summary writing. Try to write a summary,