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1、,Sandstorms in Asia,高中第三册,Module 4,Grammar-Infinitive,The wind is strong enough to move sand dunes. We were advised not to go outside. Its frightening to be cycling to work in a sandstorm. I am the only person in my family to have been in a sandstorm. To be caught in a sandstorm was a terrible exper
2、ience.,Infinitive,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,to have been doing,1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。,1. He seems to know this. 2. They invited us to go there this summer. 3. I expect to hear from you soon.,2) 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。,1. She s
3、eemed to have heard about this matter. 2. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,3)不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。,1. The boy pretended to be listening when the teacher looked at him. 2. He seems to be eating something.,4)不定式的被动式,The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. I had to
4、shout to be heard.,5) 不定式的否定 由not或never加不定式构成。 Try not to be late again next time. He wished us never to meet her again.,一、少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语 1. He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 2. They didnt open their mouths except to complain.,二、当句子中的主动词为do时, but, except后的动词不定式省去to cant but, cant choose bu
5、t, cant help but, do nothing but, rather than, had better之后省略to. 1. He does nothing but play all day. 2. At the news she didnt say anything but to cry. 3. He cant choose but do it. 4. Theres nothing to do except/but wait till it stops raining.,三、作目的状语，to可用in order to或so as to代替（so as to 不能置于句首）。,She
6、 got off the train in Beijing to see a friend. Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference. They started very early in order not to miss the train.,四、作结果状语,不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果, 且不定式前常有only, 强调惊讶或失望。 V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。 He hurried to his house, only to find that it had been broken
7、 into. Her parents died, leaving her an orphan. There was a tornado yesterday, causing 100 deaths.,1、疑问词+不定式 的复合结构 1. When to start has not been decided yet. 2. The problem is how to persuade him to change his mind. 3. We must learn what to do in face of difficulties. 4. I wonder if you could tell m
8、e how to get to the station.,五、不定式的复合结构,2. 带有逻辑主语的结构 1. Its kind of you to lend me such a beautiful necklace. 2. Its important for us to master a foreign language.,此结构中的形容词说明句中行为动词的特征。,此结构中的形容词说明逻辑主语的特征,It is + adj. + of sb. to do It is + adj. + for sb. to do,It is foolish of you to say such words.
9、(You are foolish to say such words.) It is necessary for us to learn our lessons well.,1. 帮助他人是件好事。 It is good _. 2. 教这三个孩子是我今天下午的工作。 _ the three children is my job this afternoon. 3. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。 _ is a good form of exercise.,完成句子。,to help others,To teach,To walk,4. 感谢你的帮助。 Its very kind/nice of yo
10、u _. 5. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。 Its hard for the Chinese students _. 6. 我不知该去哪儿度假。 I dont know _ my holiday.,to help me,to learn Russian,where to spend,1. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion. A. to have B. having C. have D. had 2. The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local cult
11、ure. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced,实战高考,3. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _. A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused 4. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term
12、 teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped,5. _, you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner 6. The children all turne
13、d _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at,7. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 8. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be r
14、eported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported,9. _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete 10. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. pres
15、entedC. being presented D. to present,11. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 12. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .
16、being discovered,13. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found 14. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed,15. His first book _ next month is based on a tr
17、ue story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 16. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with,17. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 18. Thai is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce,