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1、初中英语中的后置定语在英汉两种语言中,定语的作用大致相同，但值得注意的是，汉语里的定语都是放在它所修饰词之前,而在英语里 ,定语的位置既有在被修饰的词之前,也有在被修饰的词之后，本课主要就初中英语教学中常见的后置定语作一探讨。一、所有的短语作定语要后置（介短、形短、不短、分短）1. 介词短语作后置定语the fallof the Roman Empire罗马帝国的灭亡childrenunder ten10 岁以下的孩子a thirstfor knowledge求知欲his experience in teaching phonetics 他教授语音学的经验 Then the man in th
2、e shop understood what the Frenchman meant.（介词短语）I see you ve made some drawings of our defence works.2. 不定式短语作后置定语He had no time to think about rest.3. 分词短语作后置定语，在意思上相当于一个定语从句China stretches across a vast areacovering(=which covers ) thecold, temperate and tropical zones.中国幅员辽阔，包括寒带、温带和热带。We are br
3、otherssharing(=who share) weal and woe.我们是患难与共的兄弟。They live in a roomfacing(=that faces) the sea.他们住在一间朝南的房子里。They are problemsleft (=which have been left) over by history.这些是历史遗留下来的问题。The problem(that was) discussedThe amount of work(that was) donehas been solved.can be measured in this way.The exp
4、erience(that has been)gainedwill be of great value to us.There were very few people living here.(现在分词短语)Mr.Smith, the boss of a small factory, once hired a young worker called John Hill.( 过去分词短语 )4. 形容词短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句He cast it a second time and drew in an old basket full of sand.He saw a magazine
5、 on the table next to him.wordsuitable to the occasion适合这样场合的言辞a villageremote from the madding crowd远离喧嚣尘世的村庄sentencesdifficult to understand难于理解的句子a manready to lend a handat any time一个随时乐于帮助他人的人二、所有的定语从句一律自然后置Then there is only one thing I can do.三、甚至许多单个单词也可作后置定语：1. 形容词作后置定语四 one 、四 thing 、四 bod
6、y 、四 where的修饰语（如something,somewhere, anyone, anybody），定语只能后置。Have you read anything interesting?Anyone intelligent can do it.任何有脑子的都能做这事。There was somebody else in the room besides us.Let s go somewhere quiet.He wanted to get someone reliable to help in this work.他想找一个可靠的人帮忙做这工作。This store carries e
7、verything necessary for painting.这家商店卖绘画所需的任何商品。There is something wrong with my TV.我的电视出毛病了。So it s nothing serious, Doctor?One day while they were working in the fields, some farmer saw something strange in the sky.There is something important in todays newspaper.今天报纸上有条重要新闻。He wanted to get someo
8、ne reliable to help in this work.他想找个可靠的人帮忙做这项工作。Can you find anywhere quiet?你能找个清静的地方吗?He has been sent to somewhere particular.他已被派到某个特殊的地方去了。某些以-able或 ible结尾的形容词若与有限制性较强的定语.如only,all, any, every或形容词最高级连用，表示暂时的特征或现象时，常后置。We must save the patient by every means imaginable.It s the best performancep
9、ossible.这是再好没有的表演了。the best solution possible.That s the only starvisiblenow.那是颗现在唯一可见的星。There s only a little moneyavailablefor the trip.This is这趟旅行只有少数的钱可供花用。He was the only actorsuitable . 他是唯一合适的演员。Its the only solution possible.这是唯一可能采取的解决办法。Are the re any tickets available?还有票吗 ?Thatsthe only
10、star visible now.那是颗现在唯一可见的星星。两个或两个以上的形容词词组作定语、修饰泛指意义的名词时常后置，以加强语气。如：I have never seen a filmmoreinteresting and instructive.我还从未看过这样有趣又有教育意义的电影。All villagers,young and old, went out to harvest the crops.老少村民都去收割庄稼了。We like the teachersboth knowledgeable and humorous.我们喜欢知识渊博又有幽默感的老师。等和有少数几个以a-开头的 表
11、语形容词作定语，如 alive, alone, ablazepresent, absent, concerned, involved等表示短暂性特征时，通常放在它们所修饰的名词之后。如：They are the happiestchildren alive.All themembers presentare from Africa.all the studentspresent所有在场的学生The people involvedwere not here.the only personawake唯一醒着的人catch a lionThere s only a babyasleepin the
12、room.alive活捉狮子屋子里只有一个熟睡的婴儿。He wasthe only person awake at the moment.他是那时唯一醒着的人。He is one of the few workers alive today who took part in the strike. 他是参加过这次罢工当今还活着的少数工人之一。 enough作定语修饰的名词前无冠词时，要后置。例如：I don t have wineenoughfor five persons.我的酒不够给5 个人喝。I was foolenoughto accept his offer.我接受他的建议可真够傻的
13、。I havent time enough to do the work我没有足够的时间做那件工作。He hasnt man enough to admit his mistake他没有勇于认错的大丈夫气概。 proper 作“本身的、严格意义上的”讲时必须放在所修饰的名词之后。如：After the introduction we started themeeting proper.2. 方位副词作后置定语： here ，there ，in ，out ， above ，below ，home ， abroad ， before ， yesterdayHe is on his way home
14、他在回家途中。Can you tell me something about the social system there？你能给我讲讲那里的社会制度吗？It had been fine the day before前一天的天气很好。They could see the enemy entering the village in the valley below.This book here is most useful.Could you tell me the situation there?你能告诉我那儿的情况吗？The pressures above were too great.T
15、he cloudsabovemoved fast.头上的云快速移动。Please explain the sentence below.in the court below在下级法院He told us about the trip abroad.I met an old friend of mine on my wayhome .在回家的路上我遇到一个老朋友。I ll come over to see you on my next dayoff .我下次休假时再来看你。Is there anythingon tonight?今晚有什么活动吗？The buildingsaroundare mo
16、stly of modern construction.附近的建筑物多数上现代化建筑。3.else用在疑问代词和不定代词/ 副词之后Nothing else happened.没有其它的事情发生。Who else went there?还有谁去了那儿？What else did she ask?她还问了什么？You must have left your letters somewhere else.你一定把你的信放在其它某个地方了。How else could we have done it?不那样做，我们当时又能怎样呢？There is little else you can do to
17、improve yourself.除此之外，能使你进步的方法几乎没有。Did you see anybody else?你还看到别人了吗?Little else remains to be done.没剩下什么事要做的了。Who else wanted to gothe re?还有谁想去那儿?4. 分词作定语强调分词本身的动作而不是比较永久的特点时 ,要后置。如 :Most ofthe people singing are the students.唱歌的人多数是学生。Their high standard showed the progress made.他们的高水平表明了他们取得的进步。5
18、. 所修饰词前面有加强语气的the one时须后置。例如：This is the one thing needful这是唯一需要的东西。6. 在某些固定搭配中的后置定语secretarygeneral秘书长courtmartial军事法庭the sumtotal总数the third personsingular第三人称单数中学生学习英语的终极目标是能够使用这种语言- 听说读写，但眼下目标还是会做题，能得分。后置定语这一部分是英语语法中一个比较独特的现象，但是不太好命制试题，所以重点还不是这个地方。关于定语这一部分的重点还是放在诸如多个形容词的排序、形容词作状语、以-ly 结尾的形容词、形容词的级别这些问题上。2013.3.10