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1、,Unit6 Ancient stories,Grammar,A The present perfect tense with since and for We often use since and for with the present perfect tense. I have not laughed like this since my childhood. The Greeks have tried to capture our city for ten years.,Work out the rule,We use since with ( a period of time/ a
2、 point in time) We use for with ( a period of time / a point in time) 用since 的时候，后面跟时间点 用for 的时候，后面跟时间段,Doris: So you live in Hamburg, Hans? Hans: Yes, I am a Hamburger. Have you ever met a Hamburger? Doris: Yes, I met one yesterday at a fast-food restaurant, and I ate it. Hans: Ah, yes. Ive heard t
3、hat joke before, Doris.,Doris: Sorry, Han. Tell me, how long have you lived in Hamburg? Hans: Since 1996. How long have you lived in Shanghai? Doris: For 14 years. I was born here,1. Where does Hans live? He _in _. 2 How long has Hans lived in Hamburg? He _there _. 3. How long has Doris lived in Sha
4、nghai? She _there _. 4. Where was Doris born? She _.,lives,Hamburg,has lived,since 1996,has lived,for 14 years,was born in Shanghai,A2 Doris is talking about herself. Read what she says and then decide whether the following sentences are T( True) or F (False). Corrent any false ones.,Hello. Im Doris
5、. Its now November 2012. Ive lived in Shanghai since November 1998. Ive studied at New Point Junior High School for one year and two months. Ive been in the Science Club for one year. I joined the Volleyball Club two months ago.,1 Doris has lived in Shanghai for four years. T / F _ 2. She has studie
6、d at New Point Junior High school since September 2010. T / F _,four -fourteen,2010-2011,3. She has been in the Science Club since November 2011. T / F _ 4. She has been in the Volleyball Club for two months. T / F _,B The present perfect tense and the simple past tense. We can use both the present
7、perfect tense and the simple past tense to talk about a past experience. I have studied History for two years. I had a History lesson yesterday. I have learnt a lot about Greek history . I read the story of the Trojan War last week.,Work out the rules We use ( the present perfect tense/ the simple p
8、ast tense ) to talk about a past experience which has a connection to the present. We use ( the present perfect tense / the simple past tense) talk about a completed action in the past.,the present perfect tense,the simple past tense,B read the following conversation between the captain and a soldie
9、r from the story “ The Trojan horse”. Complete it with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.,Soldier: Captain! Captain! The Greeks (1)_(go). They(2) _ (leave)last night. Captain: Great! They (3) _ (come)here ten years ago and (4)_(try)many times to capture our city, but they couldnt. We (5)_(w
10、in). Soldier: But they(6) _a huge wooden horse. Can you see it outside the gates?,have gone,left,came,have tried,have won,didnt take,B2 Complete the diary below with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Thursday, 10 November A new bookshop (1) _(open) the day before yesterday near my school.
11、 I (2) _(go) there with my cousin this afternoon.,opened,went,I (3) _(buy) a travel book about Greece. I (4)_(never be) to Greece, but my cousin(5) _(visit)the country last year. I (6)_(see)some of her photos. Greece is such a beautiful country.,bought,have never been,visited,have seen,My cousin (7)
12、_(buy) a book about ancient Greece. I (8)_(read) a few pages of the book with her. I think its very interesting.,bought,have read,现在完成时的主要用法,一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。,上一页,下一页,He has just turned off the light. (他刚把灯关了。) 相当于： He turned off the light just now. The light isnt on now. 即关灯这一动作对现在造成的结果
13、和影响：现在灯不亮了。,I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业。,主菜单,二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状态可能仍在继续。,上一页,下一页,She has lived here since she was born. 自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。,I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。,现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.,上一页,下一页,Have you ever been to t
14、he Summer Palace? (你曾去过颐和园吗?),I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,现在完成时的时间状语,常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作. 还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用， since, for a long time等.,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 一、since Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （198
15、4年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。） I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。 Hes learned about 500 words since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,二、for一段时间 （two weeks/six months/five days）for短语表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I havent seen her for a lon
16、g time. 我好久没有见到她了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,三、just, already, ever， recently，before, never是完成时态的时间状语，而just now /a moment ago 是一般过去时的时间状语。 The train has just arrived. 火车刚到。 Did you see Joan just now? 你刚才看到琼了吗？ Have you heard from your family recently?你最近收到家人的来信了吗？,上一页,下一页,主菜单,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些
17、动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come/go, die, fall, finish, get to know, join, leave, marry 等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词”来代替短暂性动词.（如下表）,主菜单,borrow keep buy have, arrive be in/at die be dead, stop be over begin/start be on leave be away (from), come /go be in /at, get married be married j
18、oin be in /a member of,下一页,上一页,主菜单,也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）” 或用“一般过去时+ ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状 态。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,电影开始五分钟了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began The film began five minutes ago. 他入党五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. It is f
19、ive years since he joined the Party. He joined the Party five years ago .,下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以 与时间段连用。 如： I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years.
20、,The old man has died for ten years.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,I have had this watch for five years /since 5 years ago.,The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,3.他已经回来三天了。 4.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,I have left hometown for 10 ye
21、ars. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ -Where is she?
22、 -She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系，而现在完成时是表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,二.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 1.一般过去时的时间状语有: yesterday ,last week,一段时间ago, in 1980（过去时间）, in October ,just now, a moment ago.,上一
23、页,下一页,主菜单,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,2.现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, ever,just,yet,already等不确定的时间状语。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,eg: They have lived here for ten years.,eg: She has been in the Reading Club for many years .,eg: I have known Daniel since ten years ago.,eg：He ha
24、s bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页, 第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。,主菜单,陈述句肯定形式。 主语+ have/has+ 过去分词+其它 e.g. I have had lunch. 已经吃过午饭了。 He has gone to
25、 Beijing. 他去北京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 现在完成时的基本句型,陈述句否定形式。主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词+ （在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为havent/hasnt） e.g. I havent had lunch. 我还没吃午饭 He hasnt gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。,一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语过去分词 （将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号） 肯定回答：Yes , 主语 have/has. 否定回答：No , 主语 havent/hasnt. Has he gone to Beijin
26、g? 他去过北京了吗？ Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.,上一页,下一页,主菜单,特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句） 特词+ have/has+主语过去分词？ e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？,动 词 填 空： 1._ you already_ (clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,下一页,上一页,主菜单,2. I _ (read)
27、 the novel twice. Its interesting. 3. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. 4. How _ she _(go) there yesterday? She _(go) there by air.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,下一页,上一页,主菜单,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film h
28、as been on _ 20 minutes.,for,since,for,下一页,上一页,主菜单,4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,since,for,since,改 错 1. The film has stopped for an hour. . 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. Kitty has bought a book since last week. 4. Our manager isnt in today. He has been to Guangzhou.,been over,kept,gone,下一页,上一页,主菜单,had,Thank you !,