深圳市中考英语阅读理解专题讲解.docx

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1、深圳市中考英语阅读理解专题讲解历年阅读理解体裁和内容分析：近几年的中考阅读理解题材包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；涵盖了寓言故事、广告、时政、娱乐、人物传记等等。信息量大，趣味性强，又不乏教育意义。这些话题贴近日常生活和时代主题。主要以说明文、记叙文居多。如 10 年的上海世博会深圳展馆介绍、 11 年的大运会熊猫的到来。这些都是社会关注的焦点， 考生也是相当熟悉的。 这对于以后的备考是一个很好的启示。近几年高考的阅读理解题型还是着重考查四大题型：细节题、主旨大意题、推理判断题和猜测词义题。 其中主要以细节题为主， 占 65%，其次是推理判断题，主旨大意题 09 年考查 1 道，10 年、

2、11 年分别 2 道，猜测词义题这几年每年考查1 道。可见细节题和推理题依然是考生应该把握的重点。 因此，英语阅读理解各种题型的答题技巧应该是考生学习和训练的重点。 如果能在平常的练习中有意识的加强阅读技巧 （特别是细节查找和推理判断技巧） 的训练在考试中很多问题可以迎刃而解， 而不只是盲目的为了做题而做题，效率低下。项目问题题型与题量年份事实细节主旨大意推理判断猜测词义10A 篇3020年B 篇3020C 篇4010D 篇5000E 篇220111A 篇3020年B 篇5000C 篇2021D 篇4010E 篇32001. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。事实细节题的共同特点：（ 1）凡属针

3、对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也 能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（ 2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混 ，甚至真假混 。事 主要提 方式是：(1) Which of the following is right?(2) Which of the following is not mentioned?(3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?(4) Choose the right order o

4、f this passage.(5) From this passage we know _. 理解中的确定 和事 的 目的技巧：（ 1）要在文章中找出相 的信息点，（ 2）要排除干 。【 2011年深圳中考】31. The 26th World Universidad will begin on _.A. August 12th B. August 23rd C. September 12th D. September 23rd 一小 考 的就是文章的 和事 。 一 和事 的表述在文章中可以直接找到：The 26th World Universidad will be held in the

5、 city from August 12th to23rd. 一道 的最大干 是 B ，因此，考生要 清楚 目要求的是大运会开始的 而不是 束的 。故正确答案 A 。2. 如何 行推断？所 推断，就是根据 材料中所提供的信息， 推断出未知的信息。 即把有关的文字作 已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。 据以推断的有关文字可能是 或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英 中的推断 其 型主要有以下几种：（ 1）事 推断（ 2）指代推断（ 3） 推断（ 4） 作者的意 和 度的推断（ 1）事 推断 种推断常常 某一个或几个具体 ，是比 的推断。 行 种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字， 然

6、后加以分析， 尤其要悟出字里行 的意思。【 2011年深圳中考】 35. The four cities are all _according to the passage.A. modern cities with a short historyB. in New ZealandC. near lakes, rivers or seasD. large cities在 材料中，有 些文字： It was built on small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1,500 years ago. In the seaside city, you c

7、an enjoy an amazing viewfrom the city s tallest tower There are many beautiful beaches near the city. Visitors like to take boat rides along the Danube（多瑙河） .根据 段文字，我 可以推断答案是 C.（ 2）指代推断确定指代 的含 和指代 象是 理解 常 的 目。要确定指代 所指代的 象，关 在于 所在上下文的正确理解。 指代名 的指代 ， 其 复数形式英 被指代的 一致，因此数的形式可作 指代 象第一个 助 志。39. The underl

8、ined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to_.AadaptationsC. animalsBDarwin and WallaceD Darwins ideas文中有 么一段文字： .Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to，offspring(后代 )Darwin s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study

9、of living things3. 考 掌握所 材料的主旨和大意的能力 。一篇文章（或一段文章） 通常都是 一个中心意思展开的。 而 个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。 个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主 句。 因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会 找主 句。 主 句一般具有三个特点：（ 1）表述的意思比 概括，相 其主句来看， 种概括性更 明 。（ 2）句子 构 ，多数都不采用 、 句的形式。（ 3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解 、 支撑或 展主 句所表述的主 思想。如何 取段落的主旨和大意？在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主 句的情况有三种：（ 1） 主 句在段首或篇首。主

10、句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新 道、 明文, 文大都采用先 述，后分述的叙事方法。（ 2）主 句在段末或篇末。用 法写文章 ，往往表述 的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此 尾。 种位于段末或篇末的主 句往往是 前面 的 ， 或 。（ 3）无主 句有 ，一篇文章里并没有明 的主 句。 我 怎 来确定文章的主 或中心意思呢？其 也不 我 可以首先找出每一段的中心意思， 各段的中心意思往往都是 一个中心来展开的， 或者 是来 明一个 的。 个中心或 个 就是 篇文章的主 或中心意思。47. Paragraph 3 tells us that _.A. our hands look simil

11、arB. the microbes will make the keyboard dirtyC. we should compare our hands oftenD. we have our own sets of microbes“ Everyone has his own set of microbes on the handsThat. is to say,” if you and your best friend were able to see and compare all the microbes on your hands, your hands probably would

12、 look different. Some microbes only show up on your hands while others live only on your friend s hands.文段 3 主要针对 “ Everyone has his own set ofmicrobes on the hands”.展开阐述。文中首句直接点明主题。因此，答案为D。4. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。 任何一个实词， 只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。 所谓上下文 (context),正如英语辞典所解释的， 其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的

13、词、 短语或句子的意义。 据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知， 也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义的题目其主要提问方式是：(1)The word “ ” in the passage probably means _.(2)In this story the underlined word “ ” means _.如何根据上下文猜测词义？我们可以从以下几个方面来猜测词义：1) 根据定义或解释猜测词义。2）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。3）运用语法知识进行语法分析。如构词法（前缀或后缀）、同义或反义关系猜测词义4）依靠常识和经验做出判

14、断。5) 根据背景和常识判断。【 2009 年深圳】 27The word “remote” in the firstsentence means_A遥远的B繁华的C附近的D城市的“ Aprofessor from New York University once went to a remote area to do some science research .One day, he ate something wrong and became sick, but it was too far to go back to the city.”文段第二句中出现了 “but it wastoo

15、 far to go back to the city.”这一句话，而且后面教授是在当地寻找医生。因此，这一道猜测词义题可以根据上下文得出答案。Step 4Reading comprehensionAMr. King worked in a factory. He liked playing soccer and spent much time on it, so he was sometimes late for work. His boss was so angry that he fired Mr. King. Mr. King couldn t find another job. Fi

16、nally he got into trouble and lived a difficult life.One of his friends felt sorry for him and introduced him to a headmaster, whoseschool was just in need of swimming coaches. Mr. King began to teach the school children to swim. He wasnat good coach. Two months later, the children learnednothing. F

17、ew of them could swim.It was a hot Saturday. The children wouldn t stay in the classroom and wanted toswim in the river. Mr. King failed to stop them. Before they started, he drew a red linebelow the knee of each child. He said to them,“ Come out of the river at once if thewater reaches the line. ”2

18、6. Why did the boss fire Mr. King?A. Because Mr. King didn t like his jobB. Because Mr. King was ill.C. Because Mr.Kingtalked too much.D. Because Mr. Kingwassometimes late for work.27. Mr. King couldn t find anotherndjobhisalife was _.A. happyB. hardC. relaxingD. free28.Who helped Mr. King find a jo

19、b in a school?A. The boss of the factoryB. Hisfriend C. The school childrenD.Nobody29.Two months later, the children learned nothing because _.A. Mr. King taught them to play soccerB. they didn t like swimming at allC. they were afraid of waterD. Mr. King was a poor coach30.Mr. King _, so he drew a

20、red line below the knee of each child.A. didn t want the children to swimB. wanted to make the children lookfunnyC. wanted to make the children happyD. wanted to help the children swimbetterB2011 is special year for all the people in Shenzhen. The 26th World Universidadwill be held in the city from

21、August 12th to 23rd. As we all know, “ Start Here slogan of this great event. Does anyone know that a new life of two giant pandas willstart here as well? Shenzhen is expecting the pair of pandas for the Summer Universidad. The pandas, a male and a female from Wolong Panda Research Center in Sichuan

22、 Province, will be“ UniversidadPandas”just, like “ AsianGames Pandas”and “ Olympic Pandas” . Shenzhen Safari Park will rebuild its panda house to welcome the pandas. The pandahouse has been empty since another panda, Yongba, 25, was returned to Sichuan in 2009 because it was too old. How old are the

23、 Universiade Pandas?What are their names? What are they like? What are their living habits? We will find out the answersin June when they arrive.31.The 26th World Universidad will begin on _.A. August 12thB. August 23rdC. September 12thD. September23rd32.The pair of pandas comes from _.A. ShenzhenB.

24、 SichuanC. GuangzhouD. Beijing33.Yongba is a(n) _.A. Universidad pandaB. Asian Games PandaC. Olympic pandaD. panda that used to live in ShenzhenSafari Park34.From the passage we can know the _of the Universidad Pandas.A. arrival timeB. agesC. namesD. living habits35.The passage tells us that _.A. th

25、e slogan of the 26th World Universidad is“ Just Do It ”B. there will be two male pandas coming to ShenzhenC. Yongba left Shenzhen in 2009D. Wolong Panda Research Center will build a panda house for the Universiade PandasCFish and apple soup? Yes, and you wonout of a restaurant in Singapore, but it i

26、s now Chinese restaurants.Ingredients (serves 4):1 whole fish2 apples, quartered4-6 ginger slices (姜片 )1 bunch of spring onions, cut into pieces 1red tomato, cut into 8 pieces Oil, salt and pepperMethods: t believe how delicious it is. This first came very popular as the soup du jour in1. Remove the

27、 bones from the fish2. Pour oil into a pan. Fry the ginger slices and the spring onions. Add the fish bones and fry.3. Add enough water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minutes.4. Add the apples, the fish and the tomato. When the apples go soft, add salt and pepper.36. This passage is probably _.A. a

28、poemB. a piece of newsC. a storyD. a recipe37. The name of the soup in Chinese restaurants is _.A. du jour soupB. tomato soupC. onion soupD. ginger soup38. The underlined word quartered means _. A 榨汁 B. 切成四份 C. 洗净 D. 剁碎39. If you want to cook the soup for 8 people, you will need _ red tomato(es).A.

29、1B. 2C. 3D. 440. In what order should you add the ingredients while cooking the soup?A. apples, fish and tomato ginger slices and spring onions oil fish bonesB. oil fish bones ginger slices and spring onions apples, fish and tomatoC. oil ginger slices and spring onions fishpples,bonesfih and tomatoD

30、. ginger slices and spring onions fish bones apples, fish and tomato oilDFridayJanuary 28.2011Chinas world number seven Li Nabecame the first Chinese tennis playerto reach a Grand Slam final at thisyears Australian Open. It was thefirst match easy or tough? Nothingbetween. said Li, who has defeatedZ

31、ahlavpva Strycova on her way to theAustralian Open final.Tuesday March 52011Besides China, more than 70 countrieshave offered Japan help after theearthquake. Two US search and rescueteams, with 144 stuff and 12 dogs,have begun work; The southernAfghan city of Kandahar announced itwould donate (捐赠 )

32、$50.000 to diebrothers and sisters of JapanThursday May 19,2011Canada pop star Justin. Bieber got ahugely disappointing greeting when hearrived in Hong Kon8 on Wednesday.Just seven fans showed up at the citysairport to greet Bieber. Biebersconcertone of the last shows in hisMy World tour is on Frida

33、y inHong Kong,Monday May 30. 2011A serious drought aloft the YangRiver has affected over 34 millionpeople, leaving farmers and livestocks(牲畜 ) without water. Over 4.23million people are having difficultyfinding enough drinking water, |whilemore than 5 million need help to tightagainst the drought.41

34、. Li Na_.A. is one of the top table tennis players in the worldB. is the first player to reach a Grand Slam finalC. didn t say anything aboute matchthD. beat Zahlavaya Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final42.Two search and rescue teams from _have begun work in Japan.A. AustraliaB. the USC

35、. the UKD. Afghanistan43.Justin Bibber might feel _when he arrived at Hong Kong airport.A. disappointedB. happyC. excitedD. bored44.When a drought happens, people are short of _.A. money B. oilC. foodD. water45. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news? A. An Afghan city of Kandahar will

36、donate $50,000 to Japan.B. More than 4.23 million people find it difficult to get enough drinking water. C. All the Chinese were proud of Li Na after she won the match.D. The concert Bibber will have in Hong Kong is one of his last shows in his World ” tour.“ MELook closely at your hands. Are they c

37、lean? It doesn matter how manyt times youwash your hands, tiny microbes（微生物） still stay on them. But don t worry. Mostmicrobes don t harm you.Now scientists say the microbes on our hands could be used in a surprising way:fighting crime. According to a recent study, microbes as well as fingerprints（指

38、纹）could be used to identify the criminal.Everyone has his own set of microbes on the hands. That is to say, if you and yourbest friend were able to see and compare all the microbes on your hands, your hands probably would look different. Some microbes only show up on your hands whileothers live only

39、 on your friend s hands.When you work on a computer, you leave the microbes from your hands on thekeyboard.The scientists can easily tell the owner of the keyboard by looking at the microbes on it. Even if you dont leave your fingerprints behind, your microbes maygive you away.Noah Fierer, a scienti

40、st says,“ You can only clean a fingerprint, but you cansterilize（使无菌） a surface just by wiping（擦） it off. ” He says that scientists have a lot more work to do before the microbe is used as a useful tool.46. According to the passage, _could be used to identify the criminal.A. fingerprintsB. scientist

41、s handsC. microbesD. fingerprints and microbes on people shands47. Paragraph 3 tells us that _.A. our hands look similarB. the microbes will make thekeyboard dirtyC. we should compare our hands oftenD. we have our own sets of microbes48. When you work on a computer, the microbes _.A. just stay on yo

42、ur handsB. also stay on the keyboardC. will do harm to youD. will disappear49. From Noah Fierer we know that _. A. fingerprints are no longer useful in fighting crimeB. microbes can t be found on everyone s handsC. unlike microbes, fingerprints can be cleaned if people wipe themD. the microbe is used as a useful tool50. What s the best title of the passage?A. Microbes May Tell Who You AreB. Scientists SayEveryone Has MicrobesC. Noah Fierer Does Research Into MicrobesD. Fingerprints HelpCatch Criminals